RU2554432C2 - Mechanical method for direct production of hydrogen and oxygen from liquid from hydrogen gas generator therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for direct decomposition of a liquid into hydrogen and oxygen via thermomechanical breakdown of chemical bonds of the liquid with kinetic energy of differently directed rotation and to a mechanical hydrogen gas generator. The mechanical hydrogen gas generator for direct production of hydrogen and oxygen from a liquid comprises a fixed housing which, on the side of feeding the liquid, has a projecting shaft with a cup, and on the side of obtaining the product the cover has a second projecting shaft. The cup and the shaft alternately comprise rotary discs which form the walls of chambers with the possibility of rotating in different directions and heating the liquid. The housing has around it spline and helical channels. All discs are provided with conical jet formers directed along the flow of the liquid. The apparatus has at the base a sealed cup having alternating composite configuring discs with annular blades capable of rotating at 50-600 m/s.

EFFECT: group of inventions is aimed at improving efficiency and reducing the cost of the feedstock.

3 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Application area

The invention relates to a method for direct decomposition of a liquid into hydrogen and oxygen using the technology of thermomechanical destruction of chemical bonds of a liquid (water) with kinetic energy of multidirectional rotation at a speed of 50 to 600 m / s of configuration tavrodiskov (disks containing non-symmetrical shelves and cuvettes) in an airtight housing with the possibility creating processes for producing steam dissociation with temperatures from 212 ° to 550 ° C and its separation into hydrogen and oxygen.

The invention also relates to apparatus for the production of gases from a liquid in a cylindrical hermetic casing, where the configurable tavrodisks are rotationally aligned on two cantilever shafts, the tavrodisk shelves contain perforations through which the liquid is stretched to a molecular state (aerosol) under the influence of kinetic forces, and the tavrodisky contain bypass channels with a direction from the periphery to the shaft of rotation, which allows you to repeatedly act between the shelf with minimal energy costs and transmitted from input to output vapor-gas composition to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

State of the art

A known method of producing hydrogen and oxygen by the electrochemical method, US patent No. 4161657, class. F03G, publ. in 1979, in which the energy required for the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen is the same as the energy that is generated when two gas components are used as a combustion product to produce water.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited use of the method and device, the high cost of the starting products and low productivity.

A device for producing hydrogen and oxygen is known, RF patent No. 2055267, C01, B3 / 00, in which for the implementation of the method contains separate pipelines for receiving hydrogen and oxygen, each pipe is equipped with regulatory means, and the device itself is a bath with compartments for the anode and the cathode, which are separated by a wall.

The disadvantage of this device is low productivity, the required electrical energy in 12B and 50A per cell. It cannot produce an amazing effect, which requires a lot of refinement of the inventive concept.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a method for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water (RF patent No. 2142905 C1, ⁶ C01B 3/00, 13/02), comprising passing steam at a temperature of 500 ° -550 ° C through an electric field of constant high voltage current for the dissociation of steam and its decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- Steam production outside of this device;

- High energy costs, including the production of superheated steam with t-500 ° -550 ° C;

- Energy-intensive hardware design;

- High safety requirements and additional material costs when using high voltage currents.

A device for producing a gas-vapor mixture is selected as the closest technical solution (RF patent No. 2411423 C2, F24J 3/00), including a housing with spline grooves on the inside and a cantilever shaft for rotating a cylindrical glass on one side and a cantilever shaft for rotation disks on the other hand, between which symmetrically made disks rotate fixed in a glass. The said disks are equipped with cone-shaped bypass openings and shelves with the formation of a two-tee profile, the number of shelves on each disk increasing in the direction of the liquid and each shelf is equipped with cone-shaped jet-shaped diffusers with a neck, and the outer and inner surfaces of the disks mounted on the shaft and in the glass contain pneumohydro-resistant grooves.

However, the known technical solution does not provide the necessary set of technological processes for the decomposition of water into the required components - hydrogen and oxygen, in view of the underdeveloped design of the jet-forming systems, which causes the fluid to flow from the center to the periphery and from the periphery to the center, additional energy costs are required from the external the source of supply of the agent under excessive pressure and increase the metal consumption of the device.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a method and device that allows to obtain the conditions for the stage-by-stage heating of the liquid from 5 ° to 550 ° C, obtaining a thermomagnetic field, obtaining turbo-ultrasonic waves, obtaining micropulse processes, and throttling processes in one device, in order to obtain components of hydrogen and oxygen with an efficiency close to one or more units, radically reduce metal consumption and energy consumption for the volume of manufactured products. Creation of a dissipative - adibatic process of heating the liquid (medium) to the temperature of superheated steam due to mechanical action on the medium in the near-wall layer at a high speed of rotation of the body surface. Diffuse water vapor into separately functional components of H ₂ and O ₂ in one device, by means of mechanothermal action on a liquid medium in which compression-pulse processes, ultrasonic processes, thermomagnetic processes, and throttle processes are created. The creation at each stage of the mechanical process of high-speed pulse compression and expansion (small-scale compression) of the medium flow and temperature for the formation of high-temperature water vapor (medium), which relates to the physical stages of the processes, and the decomposition of vapor molecules into a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen by obtaining a local critical temperature in the presence of catalysts and low pressure, which relates to chemical production processes, and all processes are carried out in a mechanical device continuously. The obtained hydrogen molecules have a high penetrating ability and can easily seep through microscopic slots, holes, and therefore, its accumulation in explosive quantities in this device is difficult. The creation in the device of mechanical generation of ultrasonic waves commensurate with the intermolecular distance in the liquid, and in the case of gases with an average mean free path of the molecules, facilitates the instant decomposition of the vapor into H ₂ and O ₂ components. Partially compressed steam passing through holes evenly distributed around the circumference of the coaxial disks is sprayed to an aerosol state and throttled into the gaps between the tavrodisks (multi-tee disc of non-symmetrical section) rotating in opposite directions causes a heat-disoriented magnetic wave and scattering of the sound wave in a closed loop, which are converted into a closed loop many local ultrasonic waves propagating in all possible directions of the closed loop and conditions are created for synchronous thermo agnitnomu, ultrasonic fluid splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. The scattering of the sound and magnetic waves increases manifold as a result of multidirectional rotation, the perforation of the discs and the interaction with the numerous obstacles encountered on its way (uniformly made holes and slots in the body of the shelves), which facilitate instant steam dissociation (phase transition) at each stage of the process at a lower temperature Wednesday. The throttling processes (Joule-Thomson effect) at the final stage makes it possible to obtain oxygen in a gaseous state with a reduced temperature during separation, while hydrogen in a gaseous state with a normal temperature excludes the interaction of the components with each other, in addition, the permissible vapor condensate formed can crystallize in mass oxygen, this corresponds to the stoichiometric state in the oxygen environment.

Distinctive features of the claimed method is the production of heat in the interdisk gaps of the section for heating the liquid to 100 ° and / or above 100 ° C, heat in the interdisk gaps for vaporization to 200 ° and / or above 200 ° C, heat in the interdisk gaps of the series for the maximum heating of steam and the molecular formation of H ₂ , O ₂ from 200 ° to 400 ° C, a section for obtaining temperatures up to 400 ° C and / or higher to 550 ° C, for molecular decomposition of the composition. Accordingly, the creation of thermomagnetic processes, waves of magnetic resonance effects on the composition, sound and turbo-ultrasonic waves in one device.

In turn, steam dissociation is carried out in stages in the holes of the shelves within the temperature range of 212 ° -550 ° C, with multidirectional rotation of the perforated holes and slots of the configuration of the discs mounted in the sleeve of the glass and mounted on the shaft with a speed of rotation from 50 to 600 m / s and /or higher.

Since when rotating at a speed of 50 to 600 m / s of the perforated shelves of the tavrodisk, thermomagnetic waves appear that act on paramagnetic oxygen in the fluid, while the fluid and hydrogen are not paramagnet, which causes the extraction of oxygen from the fluid at an early stage of the process, which accelerates gas reaction and moves together with the medium to the molecular formation site, where it will finally demagnetize.

The presence of alternating phased openings and slots in the ring shelves, which in turn generate the formation of many ring acoustic waves, which moving into the flow region with higher local pressure in the thin gaps between the walls of the shelves causes magnetic resonance wave high-speed microwave pulsations, which in turn during periodic alternation of high-speed compression and expansion between the walls and the phased openings of the shelves, it contributes to the gas-vapor composition with a frequency of oscillations above 16000 per second to form many local near-wall turboprop pulsations of waves that generate ultrasonic waves that destroy steam, which in turn, when the event belongs to the site, also causes a thermomagnetic vapor-gas reaction up to 400 ° C and the breaking of HO-H valence bonds with a phase transition to a gaseous state in the annular gaps between the shelves, where a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen with possible residual water vapor is formed at a temperature below the autoignition temperature of H - 580 ° C and O - 590 ° C.

In terms of the method, the problem is solved by forced supply of liquid with a possible initial temperature of 5 ° C and above, or partial supply of preheated inert gas up to 100 ° C and above into a sealed enclosure in which a glass with confuser is forced to rotate from 50-600 m / s tavrodisky on the one hand and konfusorny tavrodisk mounted on an elongated cantilever shaft on the other hand, and tavrodisky alternately made, the first tavrodisk mounted on the shaft, the second in the body of the glass, the third on the shaft, the fourth in the body of the glass, but the successive increase in the number of tavrodiskov to 10 or more than ten.

Liquid from the first annular cavity through end openings with an expansion of 20 ° -25 ° enters the second annular cavity with additional pressure from the bevels and, under the influence of centrifugal forces, uniformly tends from the center to the periphery through a series of annular transverse shelves with openings, the openings being made with confusers with an expansion angle of 15 ° -20 °, where the liquid is additionally compressed and continuously moves into narrow holes (necks) in which samples are made (braking chambers) where the liquid is stretched and many The augers of cavitation bubbles, at the exit from the braking chamber in the necks, the bubbles are compressed, they are destroyed, they give off heat to the boundary medium, and at the exit in the diffuser the medium expands at high speed while being additionally heated and enters the third (peripheral) annular cavity in the sprayed state in the form of a vapor-droplet composition with temperatures up to 100 ° and above 100 ° C. The resulting vapor-droplet mixture from the peripheral annular cavity through the bypass channels in the body of the composite disk with low kinetic resistance and low friction coefficient enters the fourth cavity as close to the center of rotation of the shaft, from where, under the influence of pressure and centrifugal forces, tends to the periphery through a series of transverse shelves containing holes with diffusers, and the size of the holes on each shelf decreases from the center to the periphery from 10 to 20%, and their throughput increases proportionally I relative to the holes of the previous shelf, in addition, the holes contain diffusers with an expansion angle from 10 ° to 30 ° directed to the periphery, which when rotated in different directions create the effect of stretching (cavitation) and heating of the mixture passing through them, and also the mixture is supplied to turbulent and small-scale pulsed action, kinetic collision of vapor molecules which is divided into smaller particles, while the temperature rises at each stage of passage, through each annular shelf with the indicated holes to n of the peripheral flange, the latter comprises a diffusion slit shelf extension of 5 ° to 30 °, thereby creating a high pressure in the fifth peripheral cavity. From the fifth peripheral annular cavity through the bypass channels in the body of the composite tavrodisk, the inertia-free mixture in the form of steam enters the sixth axial annular cavity as close as possible to the rotation shaft, whence under pressure and under the influence of inertial rotation forces, the mixture tends to the periphery through a series of ring shelves, moving through the first annular shelf with holes and diffusion slots made through one in a circle with an expansion angle from 10 ° to 30 ° directed to the periphery, in which the mixture expands the steel interacts with the molecules of the existing mixture, partially warms up and enters the annular gap between the shelves in which the mixture moves under the influence of microturbine rollers from the mouth of the slots of the diffusers to the mouths of the diffusers, from the mouth of the diffusers to the mouths of the diffusers, where obstacles of the own and the shelves are rotated in the opposite direction turboprop waves, thermomagnetic waves, magnetic resonance waves, ultrasonic waves arise, small-scale compression, the mixture is additionally heated, and the existing ones the oxygens as a steam magnet begin to stand out from the heated steam. The mixture moving through the list of rotating transverse-ring shelves with each row is additionally heated, while the thermomagnetic effect of the waves increases from the center to the periphery, the forces of magnetic resonance waves also increase from the center to the periphery, the kinetic energy of the collision of the molecules increases with each shelf from the center to the periphery, the effect of ultrasonic waves also increases with each annular shelf, from the center of rotation to the periphery, while the phase strength is performed at each stage the transition from vapor molecules to oxygen and hydrogen molecules, the mixture enters the last doubled annular gap relative to the previous annular gap and enters the diffusion slots of the slot diffuser, which operates on the principle of a high-pressure fan, the pressure decreases on the supply side of the mixture, and in the seventh peripheral annular cavity pressure increases. From the seventh annular cavity, the heated mixture through Z-like bypass channels contained in the composite tavrodisk, and the bypass channels are made with directional expansion from 5 ° -10 °, from the periphery to the center of rotation which contain a mesh catalyst in the geometric shape of the bypass channels, in order to prevent catalyst seals in the channels, which contribute to the additional decomposition of molecular water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen components, and also prevent the recombination of the resulting gas mixture si, which through the nozzles throttles the separation of components as close as possible to the rotation shaft through the nozzles in the eighth axial annular cavity, while the oxygen cools, the density increases, and the hydrogen warms up, the density decreases which is displaced to the edge of the cavity, and oxygen merges into confusers with an expansion from 5 ° to 30 °, and the displaced hydrogen enters the holes with diffusers, which are made above the confusers, the components under excessive pressure and under the influence of centrifugal forces enter the first annular the gap, while the oxygen molecules are attracted, and the hydrogen molecules are pushed out of the medium and move in parallel in the gaps, while the jets give in to thermomagnetic, pulse-throttle processes, a lot of local magnetic resonance and pulse-shock microwaves are created, which propagate in confuser cells as and in diffuser cells with an oscillation frequency above 16000 per second, they support a thermomagnetic vapor-gas reaction up to 550 ° C and support the breaking of HOH valence bonds with a phase transition to gaseous TATUS.

The partially separated H ₂ and O ₂ components from the first annular gap through the confuser and diffuser openings alternately enter the subsequent annular gaps, where in addition to the first process, additional processes of gas separation into functional components are performed according to the method described above in the annular gaps between each shelves. The last shelf contains diffusion slots with bevels from 5 ° to 30 °, which facilitate the evacuation of gaseous oxygen from previous gaps and injects oxygen into the ninth cavity, where oxygen is accumulated in the increased volume of the cavity, which is captured by the diffuser under the pressure of kinetic forces according to the principle of a high-pressure fan pressure and is injected into the tenth peripheral cavity of oxygen accumulation and is supplied to the throttle nozzles through the bypass channels, which reduces the temperature a normal state in the eleventh cavity where oxygen is supplied to the warehouse or the consumer. In parallel, the displaced hydrogen enters the closed transverse channel, and under pressure it moves to the bypass Z-like channel in the composite brand of the disk, and the hydrogen as an inertial medium is displaced through the channels with the embedded catalyst to the center of rotation, and enters the twelfth leakage cavity formed by the housing cover and tavrodisk, from where it is supplied through the side channel to the storage warehouse or to the consumer, and previously unselected oxygen, as a heavy structure, flows into the sedimentary holes under the action of inertia forces and more The duct enters the ninth accumulation cavity, which in turn is connected to the lower Z-like bypass channels and the eleventh annular cavity made in the side cover of the housing and contains outlet openings.

Distinctive features of the claimed device is also that the device sequentially contains sections for converting liquid into a vapor-droplet mixture, a steam production section, a steam maximum heating section, a molecular decomposition section, and a section for separating the gas mixture into constituent hydrogen and oxygen products, respectively, including a glass with confused tavrodiski from another sides and konfusorny tavrodisk fixed on an elongated cantilever shaft on the other hand with the possibility of rotation in different directions s 50 m / s, wherein tavrodiski configured alternately first fixed to tavrodisk cantilever shaft, a second cup body on a third shaft, a third of the cup body may increase the number of alternate tavrodiskov. In section II-III, the preparation of a droplet composition is contained in the front of the glass of the shelf with holes in the form of confusers and diffusers, and between them in the neck there are annular braking (stretching) chambers of the flow, with the expansion angle of the confusers from 15 ° to 20 °, and the angle of the diffusers from 15 ° to 30 °, the volume of the braking chamber is 20-50% more than the volume of the neck between the tops of the truncated cones, and the two-part body of the disks contains bypass zigzag-shaped wedge-shaped channels from the periphery to the axis of rotation at the outlet with sprayers. In the IV-V steam heating section, the t-disk shelves contain holes with diffusers with an expansion angle of 15 ° to 30 °, and the diameter of the holes corresponds to the scheme, and the holes with diffusers are made with a decrease in diameter from 1 to 0.9-0.8 to 0 , 7-0.6 to 0.5-0.4 to 0.3-0.2 as they move away from the center to the periphery, respectively, cascading along the vapor-gas medium from the axial cavity to the periphery and the height of the cylindrical neck h1 is equal to the height of the diffuser h2 as shown in Fig. No. 5, and the throughput volume of the holes of each shelf is increased by 10-20% of of the previous shelf, due to the sequential increase in the number of holes in the body of the shelves in the direction from the axial cavity to the periphery, and in the body of the composite disk, bypass Z-like wedge-like channels are made at the outlet with sprays. In section VI-VII of the maximum heating and phase transition, the disk shelves alternately contain holes with diffusers with an expansion of 10 ° -30 °, and the holes are made in two rows and / or more than two rows, and diffusion slots with bevels are made with an extension of 10 ° -30 ° to the entire height of the shelf, while the ends of the shelves contain side hydraulic seals. The composite disk body is made with radial bypass wedge-like channels from one annular cavity to another annular cavity, which are made with an expansion of 5 ° to 10 ° from the periphery to the center of rotation for the purpose of load distribution and contain a mesh diffusion catalyst, and the last shelf on the periphery in a circle contains diffusion slots with bevels in one direction from 5 ° to 30 °.

In the molecular separation section VIII-IX, the disk shelves around the circle contain from two or more two rows of funnels with openings, with funnels with an extension of 5 to 30 ° directed to the center of rotation and adjacent to each other for better oxygen collection, and openings with expansion diffusers from 5 ° to 15 ° are made with excess over funnels from 0.5 to 2 diameters of holes in thickened flanges of shelves. A peripheral shelf with slots operating on the principle of a high-pressure diametrical fan contains transverse slots with bevels from 5 ° to 30 ° and is made in the direction of rotation of the shelves, which during rotation contributes to the creation of gas discharge in the previous narrow gaps and forcing pressure in the annular cavity No. IX. Cavity No. IX is separated from cavity No.X by an annular shelf which contains diffusion slots with a bevel from 5 ° to 30 ° to the other side, for pumping oxygen into cavity No.X, and transition channels from one cavity to another are divided for each product, respectively. From cavity No. IX, oxygen enters the blades of diffusion slots, and when oxygen is injected, it throttles into cavity X while losing its magnetic properties, which is useful for the process.

In the areas of collection (leakage) of products XI and XII, annular cavities are made, which are separated by an annular protrusion of the housing cover, into an annular cavity for collection (leakage) of hydrogen No. XII and a ring cavity for oxygen collection (expander) No. XI, and the annular protrusion also contains an annular cavity for circulation agent, which regulate the state of the temperature of the annular protrusion. The housing cover in the lower part contains a hole for collecting oxygen, and the upper part is as close as possible to the shaft, contains a hole for vacuum pumping hydrogen and holes for emergency gas removal (not shown).

In terms of the device, the problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the mechanical apparatus for the direct decomposition of water (liquid) into hydrogen and oxygen contains a sealed housing with an internal screw thread that performs a uniform thermal regulation process, which in turn contains a sealed rotationally a block in the form of a glass, in which are located configuration tavrodisky with the possibility of rotation from 50 to 600 m / s in different directions, and composite tavrodiski alternating through one set on and the cantilever shaft of rotation rotates in one direction and, accordingly, the tavrodiski alternating through one fixed with an outer diameter on the inner wall of the glass of revolution, rotate in the other direction, which contain diffuser-diffuser holes, holes with diffusers, funnels with holes, diffusion slots with diffusers, diametrical fans, axial annular cavities, peripheral annular cavities and bypass Z-like channels with a catalyst, which makes it possible to generate thermal magnetic waves, acoustic and micro-shock waves, turbo-vortex flows, compression and expansion of the medium (pulse-compression effect), scattering (diffraction) of ultrasonic waves, throttling, and also adiabatically - dissipative and diffusion processes in one device that allow solving the tasks. Separation of the resulting mixture is carried out by using the specific gravity of the elements and the batch pressure of each, using kinetic centrifugal forces, rotating tavrodisks with shelves containing funnels with holes for oxygen and holes with diffusers for hydrogen, and shelves with diffusion slots additionally form annular cavities for collection oxygen, and the last shelf is made in the form of a diametrical fan.

During operation of the device, water and / or a mixture of water up to 50% of natural gas, methanol, carbon dioxide, respectively, can be supplied to the device cavity under overpressure from intermediate cavity No. I through rotating holes in the end of the glass, and at the outlet of the holes there are diffusers with the angle of expansion of the cone 20 ° -35 °, which creates an additional retracting force into the storage ring cavity of the cup No. II, from where the liquid uniformly fills the volume of the cavity under excessive pressure and under the influence of centrifugal forces additionally increases the pressure on the volume in the cells of the confusers, where the jet in the neck of the confuser contracts and suddenly expands (stretches) in the annular braking chamber, where a turbulent fluid movement is formed with a loss of local pressure, and microbubbles of steam (vapor nuclei) instantly arise, which are compressed in the neck at the outlet and in the diffuser they expand instantly, bubble boiling is generated while the temperature from the collapsing bubbles passes to the surrounding liquid (medium). At the outlet of the diffuser, the medium undergoes a sharp change, an obstructing obstacle in the form of a perforated shelf of a counter-rotating tavrodisk rams the liquid and receives an increase in energy, pressure and heat generated, which increase by the braking temperature of the actual volume of gas (bubbles) in the liquid layer of each shelf from the annular cavity in the form of an annular groove, the mixture enters the reciprocal confuser of the next shelf, where under local pressure and centrifugal pressure the mixture is once again compressed and Without a neck, it enters the annular braking chamber of the next shelf, while the available steam nuclei instantly expand and compress when leaving the braking chamber in the neck of the diffuser, which additionally gives an increase in temperature and the number of bubbles that enter the diffuser instantly expand, while increasing the speed of the mixture, the temperature rises according to the principle of "Dissipation" while the amount of liquid decreases, the amount of steam increases. At the outlet of the diffuser, the mixture enters the gap, where it interacts with the obstacle of the third shelf, receives an additional temperature increase and, under the influence of inertia forces of rotation acting on the remaining mass of liquid, the mixture enters the cells of the confuser, where it also compresses and enters the braking chamber, instantly expands in the chamber forming steam bubbles and at the outlet in the neck of the diffuser instantly compresses according to the Laval law, while the remaining mass of liquid finally turns into steam and fills at high speed peripheral annular cavity No. III with temperatures up to 100 ° and more than 100 ° C. The resulting vapor under excessive pressure through radial zigzag (Z) bypass channels in the composite disk body from the peripheral annular cavity No. III continuously moves into the annular cavity No. IV with a low resistance coefficient, which depends on the pressure density and temperature of the compressible vapor medium. From the annular cavity from the center, the steam stream (with possible condensate residues) tends to the first shelf with cylindrical holes rotating at a speed of 50 to 600 m / s or higher, which contain diffusers with an expansion angle from 15 ° to 30 ° at the outlet moreover, the diffuser holes on each shelf from the center to the periphery are made with a decrease in geometric dimensions, with each subsequent shelf correspondingly containing more holes of a smaller size with the motivation for increasing local throughput by 10-20%. Steam from the cylindrical part of the hole under the influence of radial forces of kinetic energy and excess pressure enters the diffuser cavity where it expands, local flows meet backpressure (braking), the mixture molecules collide, the temperature delta (Δt) increases, the local medium velocity increases under the influence of temperature and pressure, the temperature movement (convection) is transferred from the previous volumes to the next, the heated steam Δt enters the gap between the shelves, where the wall of the other shelf is perforated it rotates at speeds from 50 to 600 m / s and / or higher in the opposite direction, is a brake (obstacle) for the incoming medium, causes complex processes of high-speed (dissipative) compression and expansion turbulence (pulse compression effect) between the walls generate local sound ( acoustic) waves whose propagation velocity depends on the density and temperature of the medium (the higher the density of the medium, the lower the local speed of sound propagation, the lower the molar density, the higher the local speed of propagation wook which promotes decomposition of the cold medium) in this case is the local velocity of the wave is the local sound velocity, which contributes to obtaining finer particles of the steam flow. With a combination of processes, the temperature of the medium is forced to increase and instantly spreads from all the diffusers of the shelf over the entire volume of the owned gap. This temperature refers to the stagnation temperature of the gas flow in closed boundaries and is set in the inhibited (remaining) layer of gas at the obstacle surface, where part of the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy by about (30%), the rest of the kinetic energy is approximately (70%) increased internal energy of the medium and / or Δ (increase) in temperature. The specifics of gas-vapor flows in narrow annular channels of rotating tavrodisk associated with the effect of the compressibility frequency (compression) occurs without proportional heat transfer to the solid body, the subsequent temperature transfer from the previous layers of the medium, the speed of propagation of the sound wave, which turns into ultrasonic, depends on the local turbulent wall ripple, on the number of holes and pressure, as well as the rotational speed of the discs relative to each other - relative to the Adibatic laws, understanding e processes of heating the medium to critical limits in this segment of the device is illustrated by the drawings of the device of Fig. No. 8. The capture by smaller openings of the third shelf of the vapor medium is carried out under the influence of local pressure and the kinetic forces of the radial flow from the edge of the hole to the periphery of the confuser with the subsequent run of the medium into the cavity of the gap, which is expressed by an increase in temperature and the number of small particles of vapor molecules. In the gap between the shelves, the mixture is supplied with dissipative turbulence, impulse compression by interrupting the jet to inhibit the mixture at high speed between the perforated walls of the shelves, and a high-intensity sound wave is generated, which contributes to the grinding of large vapor molecules in a split second without transferring heat to the device body. The movement of the mixture from one cavity of the gap to another, from the other to the third, from the third to the fourth, from the fourth to the fifth cavity of the gap helps to summarize the obtained increments t ^{0 of} each cavity, which marks the cascade effect of obtaining a gas-vapor mixture ready for temperature decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen, which flows into the peripheral annular cavity, No. V, from where it is transferred to the center in the annular cavity No. VI under excessive pressure through radial Z-like bypass channels. The gas-vapor mixture of cavity No. VI, under the influence of excess pressure and radial kinetic energy from the center to the periphery, enters vertically made holes with diffusers, while another part of the mixture enters into the transverse successive slots of the diffusion type, which have a bevel from 10 ° -30 ° one way, with holes and slots alternating in a circle around the shelf, the mixture at the outlet of the holes and slots instantly expands and is inhibited by local turbulent flows, the molecules of the mixture are nods kinetic energy is partially transformed into ultrasonic partly into thermal wherein the sound wave frequency is controlled temperature and rotation speed tavrodiskov to a critical state. The heated mixture enters a similar annular channel (gap), which is bounded by the wall of the next perforated shelf and slots, which rotates in the opposite direction, thereby creating complex micropulse thermomagnetic braking and turbulent flow past the gratings (holes), a wall pressure pulsation is generated, at which the vapor-gas reaction and breaking of valence bonds of the HOH structure. The phase transition of vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen molecules is performed under mechanical action, which requires seven times less energy (62.29 kJ) than the thermal destruction of these bonds (436 kJ), while the initial temperature of hydrogen formation is 212 ° C, at thermal 430 ° C. The phase transition is facilitated by a combination of inventive solutions of diffusion slots and diffuser openings, with an extension of 10 ° -30 ° that originate from the middle of the shelf body and create processes of local supersonic movement of the medium from the mouth of the diffusers to the mouth of the diffusers, a wave-like obstacle in the thin annular gap, the resistance is overcome inhibitory effect of its own and response shelves, conditions are created for the conversion of kinetic energy into heat and sound, the propagation of local ultrasonic waves, with osobstvuet partial conversion of vapor molecules at an appropriate stage in the hydrogen and oxygen molecules. The resulting mixture from the annular gap under excessive local pressure and the influence of kinetic forces enters the hole and slotted slots of the next shelf, which rotates in the opposite direction. At the exit from the openings and slots, the mixture instantly expands, while the kinetic energy of the mixture is also partially converted into sound energy and partially into heat, and at the exit from the diffusers the mixture is partially inhibited by the next rotating shelf in the opposite direction, which contributes to the further decomposition of vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen as described above the method and prevents at each stage the recombination of the production of hydrogen and oxygen, and the side flow of the mixture is prevented by the side seals of each shelf. The farther from the center of rotation, the higher the speed of rotation of the shelves of tavrodiskov, therefore, conditions are created for the accelerated decomposition of the remaining vapor molecules into its constituent chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen at a temperature of from 212 ° to 550 ° C. Nevertheless, at any realistic temperature, the vapor dissociation will not be complete, the multi-stage (cascade) conditions of the process in this device will increase the steam dissociation and reduce the formation of related substances to a minimum, it is widely known that increasing the pressure of water vapor does not increase the dissociation (principle le Chatelier). At all stages of the processes of dissociation (phase transition), the H — O bond is broken at instant ramming, the internal pressure and temperature reach a maximum, resulting in the formation of ions (particles) Н and ОН (or Н ⁺ and ОН ^- ), then OH particles dissociate into atoms O and H, and then the atoms combine to form diatomic molecules of hydrogen and oxygen, and the phenes and phonons do not participate in the direct decomposition of water. From the last enlarged annular gap, the mixture of H ₂ and O ₂ enters into slots of the diffusion type, the last shelf of the tavrodisk contains only slots with a bevel from 10 ° to 30 ° in one direction, which during rotation contribute to rarefaction (evacuation) of the mixture from the previous annular gaps along the principle of a fan, where the parcenal pressure is minimal for a given process, at the braking boundary it prevents the mixture from returning, and an overpressure is created beyond the rotation limit of bevels with a temperature of 212 ° C and higher in the peripheral annular cavity No. VII from where the mixture is diffused through an embedded catalyst in radial bypass channels with an expansion angle of 5 ° to 10 ° directed to the center of rotation, and the titanium dioxide or platinum-type catalyst is made in the form of a mesh frame that fixes (quenches) the gas state H ₂ and O _2, wherein during diffusion mixture was partially cooled, which prevents oxidation of hydrogen (catalytic combustion), in the dark (dark H ₂ - nizkoaktiven) prevents self-ignition of hydrogen and oxygen according Stekhov etricheskogo coefficient (1 kg H ₂ 4 kg of oxygen is required) that thin gaps are not feasible, since the steam separation is carried out 2: 1, at the exit from the channel through the nozzle is throttled mixture and further cooled. The mixture in the annular cavity No. VIII enters, from the center to the periphery under excess pressure, enters the openings of the steam shelf, the first rotating shelf containing at least two rows of holes with diffusers (funnels) directed to the center and at least one row of holes with a diffuser directed to the periphery. The gas mixture passing through cylindrical holes throttles into a thin annular gap according to the Joule-Thomson principle, where hydrogen is heated and oxygen is cooled, while the effect of leakage of the gas mixture from the holes with a diffuser promotes instant mixing of gases, and the rotation of the next shelf in the opposite direction creates the effect of complex processes of instantaneous braking, local turbulent turbulence, local convection heat transfer, the propagation of local ultrasonic waves contributing to roar and hold the mixture at the molecular level, which prevents the recombination process. The compression and expansion in a narrow annular channel is so fast that the generated ultrasonic waves constantly collide with each other and transfer partial energy to the shells of the molecules, this contributes to the adiabatic process in which under these conditions the heat energy is almost not transferred to the solid. The mixture from the first pressure tight gap enters the next tight gap and / or subsequent tight gaps according to the technology and method known above, and the mixture acquires a stable ordered molecular structure of H ₂ and O ₂ at temperatures from 212 ° to 500 ° C . The peripheral shelf of the tavrodisk contains diffusion slots with a bevel from 10 ° to 30 ° in one direction, which creates the effect of evacuation from the previous channels and forcing pressure into the annular cavity No. IX, where oxygen is a heavier structure (1 kmol Q = 32 kg, 1 kmol H ₂ = 2 kg), under the influence of kinetic centrifugal forces, tends to the periphery in the annular cavity No. X through diffusion slots with a bevel from 10 ° to 30 ° in one direction in the end shelf, which practically divides the cavity into two annular tanks (cavities). Hydrogen, as the lightest structure, has practically no kinetic energy, is constantly displaced by O ₂ and, under its own pressure, enters the bypass channels with a mesh catalyst that are expanded from 5 ° to 10 ° to the center of rotation, while hydrogen, as an independent structure, throttles in the mesh catalyst and is heated to allowable temperature depending on the throughput of the mesh catalyst. At the outlet from the hole, hydrogen as product No. 1 enters the annular cavity No. XI, from where it is supplied through the side channel to an intercooler (not shown), a vacuum pump, and then to the storage warehouse. Oxygen under the influence of pressure enters the diffusion slots with bevels that create pressure in the annular cavity No. X, from where it enters the throttling nozzles through the bypass channels, it is cooled (it can be cooled to a liquid state) in the annular cavity (expander) No. XII, from where it comes from the side channel comes to clean from possible condensate (heavy water) or to the storage warehouse as product No. 2.

The device is based on a sealed housing in the form of a cylinder with a screw thread on the inner surface; on both sides at the ends of the housing there are covers with holes for supplying liquid on the one hand and for dispensing the finished product on the other side, in addition, on the liquid supply side, the cover contains cantilever rotation shaft made with expansion in the form of a cup, in the end of which as close as possible to the rotation shaft holes are made in an amount of two and / or more with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 °, to the annular cavity No. I image associated with the wall of the counter-rotating tavrodisk mounted on the second cantilever shaft which is contained by the opposite cover, the fastening of the confusor tavrodisk in the cup body alternates according to the glass-shaft principle, which ensures unhindered counter-rotation of the disks relative to each other.

The basic variant of the device is based on functional areas, including composite disks with shelves in the form of perforated rings - further confuser tavrodisky with alternate fastening of the sleeve-shaft, which are made with overlapping shelves with special structural elements of the holes, depending on the location. Cavities II-III for the formation of a vapor-droplet composition are separated by one shelf of the inner front of the sleeve and two shelves of the tavrodisk, and the shelves contain holes made in the form of a confuser with a transition into the neck with a sudden ring expansion - (braking chamber), the diameter of which is 20-50% more than the diameter of the neck of the confuser and the diffuser, therefore, the braking chamber passes into the necks, which at the outlet contain diffusers. The diameter of the holes of the third shelf is less by 10-20% of the diameter of the holes of the second shelf, and the diameter of the holes of the second shelf is less by 10-20% of the diameter of the holes of the first shelf, as shown in figures 3 and 4, while increasing the number of holes (perforations) on the shelves, the throughput of each ring shelf increases from 10 to 20%, respectively.

Cavity III is connected to cavity IV using Z-shaped bypass channels containing a vapor-droplet composition at the outlet of the spray nozzle.

The cavity IV-V of the heating of the vapor-droplet composition is between the walls of the tavrodisk, which are mounted on the cantilever shaft, and the tavrodisk, mounted in the cylinder of the glass, and the walls of the interacting disks contain mutually overlapping shelves with the possibility of rotation, while the shelves contain special structural elements of the holes with conical expansion the middle of the shelf in the direction from the axis of rotation to the periphery, which are made according to the scheme: the cross section of the holes of the first shelf from the shaft is 10-20% larger in diameter of the second shelf, and the holes of the second shelf are 10-20% larger in diameter of the holes of the third shelf, the cross-sections of the holes of the third shelf are larger in diameter by 10-20% of the holes of the fourth shelf, the cross-sections of the holes of the fourth shelf are larger in diameter by 10-20% of the holes of the fifth shelf and so on to the last shelf, which corresponds to the scheme from 1 to 0.2, and the throughput of each shelf, respectively, increases proportionally by 10-20% due to an increase in the number of holes on each shelf by 10-20%. The peripheral annular cavity V is connected to the annular cavity VI by means of zigzag (Z) channels which at the outlet contain spray nozzles.

The cavities VI-VII of the maximum heating are concluded between the walls of the disks, one of which is mounted on the rotation shaft and the other on the rotation wall of the cylindrical cup, the walls of the interacting disks also containing mutually overlapping shelves with the possibility of opposite rotation relative to each other, while the shelves contained on the disk mounted on the wall of the glass, made in the form of cylindrical holes in two rows and more than 2 rows with an extension from the middle of the hole to the periphery from 5 ° to 20 °, and bypass Z-shaped channels The channels in the body of the composite disk are made with an expansion from the periphery to the center from 5 ° to 10 ° and contain a catalyst; in addition, there are alternating holes in the form of slots with an extension from the middle of the shelf directed to the periphery from 10 ° to 30 °.

Cavity VIII-IX-X - molecular leakage of the mixture and its separation is made between the walls of the disks, one of which is mounted on the shaft of rotation, and the other on the inner wall of the cylindrical glass of rotation, the walls of the interacting disks contain mutually overlapping shelves with the possibility of multidirectional rotation relative to each other, wherein the shelves contained on the disk mounted on the rotation shaft, the perforation of which is made in the form of holes with funnels in two rows or more than two rows and one row of holes with diffusers in the shoulder is made on the ledge, and the shelves contained on the disk rotating from the glass also contain holes with funnels in two rows or more than two rows directed to the rotation shaft, as shown in Fig. 7, and all funnels are made with an extension of 5 ° up to 30 ° and with the base adjacent to each other, which contributes to the stalling (passage) of oxygen into the holes of the funnels, the holes on the thickened part of the shelf also contain diffusers with an expansion of 5 ° to 15 ° and the base directed to the periphery, the last ring shelf in front of the ring the first cavity IX and the dividing annular shelf in front of the cavity IX are made with holes in the form of diffusion slots with expansion along the direction of rotation from 10 ° to 30 °. The annular cavity IX is connected to the cavity XI by means of Z-shaped wedge-shaped channels with catalysts located in the body of the composite disk, the channels being made expanding from the periphery to the rotation shaft of 5 ° -10 ° and contain the catalyst, which at the outlet contain cylindrical openings with reverse valve for the flow of hydrogen. The annular cavity X is connected by a catalyst-free Z-shaped channel to the annular cavity XII, the channels containing throttling nozzles for oxygen output at the outlet, while the housing cover contains a hermetic annular protrusion with a hermetic seal and an inner annular cavity with a coolant that forms two annular cavities to prevent mixing of hydrogen with oxygen, from where the products are pumped out (not shown) for the purpose of further transportation through the made side holes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a section of the lower part of a mechanothermal reactor to produce hydrogen and oxygen from a liquid; figure 2 shows the same upper part of the mechanothermal reactor; figure 3 shows a view of "A"; figure 4 shows a section DD DD of figure 3; figure 5 shows a section bB; figure 6 shows a section bb; 7 shows a section GG; on Fig shows a section of the View; figure 9 shows a section of the pos. No. 64; figure 10 shows a section of the pos. No. 113; in FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of pos. No. 6; on Fig shows a diagram of the movement of the medium from the liquid to obtain products No. 1 and No. 2.

The best embodiment of the invention.

The hydrogen-gas generator for mechanical separation of the liquid into hydrogen and oxygen contains a sealed housing 1, from the liquid supply side there is a nozzle 2 on the cover 3, which contains a short cantilever shaft 4, with a rotation cup 5 with the possibility of forced rotation from 50 to 600 m / s, (drive not shown) form a cylindrical cavity I, on the other hand, the housing 1 contains a cover 6, which in turn contains an elongated shaft 7, at the end of which contains a configuration disk (tavrodisk) 8, moreover, a tavrodig configuration 8 the ring shelves of the forehead of the glass 5, forms a cavity II and an annular cavity III. The cavity I interacts with the cavity II through the holes 9 in the front of the rotation cup 5, the cone of the holes being made with an extension of 20 ° -35 ° from the middle of the thickness of the front side of the cup 5, the shelf 10 of the tavrodisk 8 contains many holes 11 and a flange 12, the holes 11 at the entrance contain confuser 13 (funnel), confuser 13 passes into a cylindrical neck (narrowing) 14, which expands into an annular (sample) braking chamber (swirl) 15, behind the braking chamber 15 a cylindrical neck 16 is made with a diffuser 17 that interact with the gap 18, and (select ka) the braking chamber 15 is 20-50% larger in volume than the neck 14 and neck 16. The annular shelf 19, the sides 5 also contains a shoulder 20 and many holes 21 with funnels 22, necks 23, ring samples 24, necks 25, rolling in the diffusers 26, interacting with the annular gap 27, a shelf 28 is made in series with the shoulder 29 of the tavrodisk 8, which in turn contains many holes 30 with confusers 31 turning into the necks 32, the braking chambers 33, the necks 34 and the diffusers 35, which provide communication with the annular cavity III, and all confusers 13; 22; 31 are made with an expansion angle from 15 ° to 20 °, and the diffusers 17; 26; 35 are made with an expansion angle from 15 ° to 30 °, the corresponding braking chamber 15; 24; 33 are made in diameter from 20 to 50% more than the corresponding necks 14; 16; 23; 25 and 32; 34. The annular cavity III through Z-shaped channels 36 in the body of the composite tavrodisk 8 and through the nozzles of low pressure 37 is connected to the annular cavity IV, which is formed by the tavrodisk 8, the shaft 7, the tavrodisk 38 and the annular shelf 39, which contains holes 40 with diffusers 41, and the expansion cones of the diffusers 41 are made from 15 ° to 30 ° and have an exit into the annular gap 42, which borders on the shelf 43, which contains holes 44 with diffusers 45, which have an exit into the annular gap 46 formed by the shelf 43 and the shelf 47, which also contains 48 holes diffusers 49, and the diffusers are made with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 ° and have an exit to the annular gap 50 formed by the shelf 47 and the shelf 51, which in turn also contains the necks (narrowing) of the hole 52 and the diffusers 53 with a directed expansion to the annular the gap 54, which is formed by the shelf 51 and the shelf 55 with holes 56 and diffusers 57, and the diffusers 57 have access to the annular gap 58, formed by the shelf 55 and the annular shelf 59 with transverse diffusion slots 60 and diffusers 61 with bevels from 10 ° to 30 ° working on the principle of veins a high-pressure tiller pumping pressure into the annular cavity V. The throughput volume of each annular shelf 39; 43; 47; 51 and 55 increases from 10 to 20% relative to the previous annular shelf due to the proportional increase in the number of holes, the holes themselves in the transverse shelves 39; 43; 47; 51 and 55 are reduced in diameter and throughput from 10 to 20% relative to previous holes, and the expansion cone remains constant from 15 ° to 30 °. The annular cavity V through Z-shaped channels 62 in the composite tavrodisk 38, and nozzles 63 are connected to the axial annular cavity VI, which is formed by the tavrodisk 64, contained by the rotation shaft 7, the tavrodisk 38 containing the annular shelf 65, with many holes 66 made with diffusers 67, and also through one row of holes 66 there are diffusion transverse slots 68 with diffusers 69 with an expansion bevel from 10 ° to 30 °, which are connected to an annular gap 70 formed by a shelf 65 and a shelf 71, which in turn contains an opening 72 s diffusers 73 and transverse slots 74 with diffusers 75, which have an exit to the annular gap 76 formed by the flange 71 and flange 77, in which a plurality of holes 78 are made with diffusers 79 and transverse slots 80 with diffusers 81, which are connected to the annular gap 82. the gap 82 is formed by the shelf 77 and the shelf 83 which contains the transverse slots 84 with diffusers 85 and the holes 86 with the diffusers 87, which are connected to the annular gap 88. The annular gap 88 is formed by the shelf 83 and the transverse shelf 89, which also contains a plurality of holes 90 with diffusers 91 and transverse diffusion slots 92 with diffusers 93 that are connected to the annular gap 94. The annular gap 94 is formed by a flange 89 and an annular shelf 95, which contains many transverse slots 96 with (bevels) diffusers 97 and holes 98 with diffusers 99 with an exit to the annular gap 100. The annular gap 100 is formed by a shelf 95 and a transverse annular shelf 101, which in turn also contains holes 102 with diffusers 103 and transverse slots 104 with diffusers 105, which have an enlarged outlet twice the annular gap 106 relative to the previous annular gap 100. The enlarged annular gap 106 is formed by a shelf 101 and a transverse annular shelf 107, which contains many transverse slots 108 with (bevels) diffusers 109, with an expansion angle of 10 ° to 30 °, which operate by the principle of a high-pressure fan i.e. a vacuum is created in the annular gap 106, and high pressure is pumped in the annular cavity VII. All diffusers and diffusers in the ring shelves 65; 71; 77; 83; 89; 95; 101 and 107 are made with expansion angles from 10 ° to 30 °, and the flow of the gas medium between the annular gaps 70; 76; 82; 89; 94; one hundred; 106 is blocked by side ring seals "K.U." The annular cavity VII, through Z-like radial channels 110 in an amount of two or more, and through the nozzles 111 is connected to the annular cavity VIII, and the radial channels are made in the form of a wedge with an extension from 5 ° to 10 ° directed from the periphery to the center of rotation, and the mesh catalyst is made in the form of channels. The annular cavity VIII is formed by a tavrodisk 64, which is contained on a rotation shaft 7, a transverse annular flange 112 and a tavrodisk 113, which is contained in a rotation cup 5, and the shelf 112 in a circle contains many confusers (funnels) 114 with cones expanding from 10 ° to 30 ° directed the base to the center of rotation, and the holes 115, the confusers 114, are directed to the periphery, where the base of the confusers 114 are in contact with each other, and the holes 116 with the diffuser 117 are made in the collar 118 contain a cone with an extension of 5 ° to 30 ° directed to the periphery with access toa narrow annular gap 119, with a transition to an enlarged annular gap 120, which are formed by the flange 112, and the flange 112 is comprised of a tavrodisk 64 and a flange 121 of a tavrodisc 113 which has a collar 122. An annular gap 119 and an annular gap 120, through funnels 123 with holes 124, and through holes 125 with diffusers 126, interact with a thin annular gap 127 and an annular gap 129, which is formed by a shelf 121 and a transverse annular shelf 128, which contains funnels 130 with holes 131 and a collar 132 with holes 133 and diffusers 134, which have they exit into a thin annular gap 135 and an enlarged annular gap 138, which is formed by a flange 128 and a transverse annular flange 136, which contains diffusion slots 139 with diffusers 140 that interact with the annular cavity IX, and holes 141 with diffusers 142 contained in the shoulder 137 interact with the adjacent channel 143, radial wedge-like channels 144 and sedimentary holes 145, which are connected to the transverse channels 146 with access to the annular cavity IX, which is formed by the wall of the disk 64, shelf 136, the wall of the brand the disk 113 and the shelf 147, which contains diffusion slots 148 with diffusers 149 with bevels from 5 ° to 30 °, which operate on the principle of a high-pressure diametrical fan, which contributes to the pumping of oxygen from cavity IX and forcing pressure into the peripheral cavity X, which is limited by the wall tavrodisk 64, shelf 147, wall of the rotation cup 5 and tavrodisk 113, in the body of which Z-like bypass channels 150 are made with nozzles 151 for throttling oxygen and possible moisture into the annular cavity XI. The annular cavity XI is limited by a tavrodisk 113 and a fixed cover 6, in which an outlet 154 is made for the delivery of oxygen to the consumer or to the warehouse. Radial wedge-shaped bypass channels 144 contain a catalyst for the flow of hydrogen through openings with a check valve 152 (not shown), also interact with an annular cavity XII, which is formed by a tavrodisk 113, a cover 6, and a separation shelf 153, and the cover 6 contains an outlet 155 from the cavity XII, and the separation shelf is made hollow for the circulation of the heat-regulating agent. To prevent uncontrolled mixing of oxygen with hydrogen at the end of the separation shelf 153 contains an end sealing ring (K.U.). Regulation of the thermal regime of the apparatus, the housing 1 on the inside contains a spiral 156, which together with the body of the glass of rotation 5 forms a helical channel 157 with a supply pipe 158 and a delivery pipe 159.

Hydrogen gas generator works as follows.

The sealed housing 1, preheated to 100 ° C or higher than 100 ° C, is forced to supply an initial liquid (clear water, liquid mixture) with a temperature of 5 ° C and above, which fills the annular cavity (gap) I, through the nozzle 2, between the cover 3 , with a cantilever shaft 4, and the bottom of the cup 5, simultaneously with the liquid supply, the shaft 4 is forced to unwind with the cup 5, at a speed of 50 to 600 m / s on the one hand, on the other hand, the elongated shaft 7 with the confuser disc also untwist with a cover 6 8, the fluid moving from the annular cavity I to holes 9 in the bottom of the cup 5, and the holes from the middle of the metal thickness are made with a conical extension of 20 ° -35 °, which creates a suction and additional pressure buildup in cavity II, from where, under the action of pressure and centrifugal kinetic forces, the liquid simultaneously tends to the periphery through (perforation ) shelves 10 into the set of holes 11 in the shelf 10 of the tavrodisk 8, which is made in the form of a chute with a shoulder 12, the liquid under the influence of pressure forces enters the funnels (confusers) 13 of the holes 10, where from under the influence of the rotation speed kinetic forces enters the necks 14 of the holes 10, suddenly expands in the annular chamber of braking 15, boils, forming a lot of cavitation self-heated bubbles, at the outlet of the chamber in the neck 16 the bubbles are compressed instantly, they are destroyed and transfer heat to the liquid volume, partially from the neck 16 the heated liquid enters the diffuser 17, where it instantly expands forming bubble boiling in the annular gap 18 and many heated cavitation bubbles and the liquid collide with an obstacle rotating in the opposite direction the connection of the shelf 19 with a shoulder 20 made in the bottom of the glass 5, and contains many combined holes 21 with funnels (confuser) 22 where, under the influence of counter rotation, vortices and microhydraulic shocks (rams) are formed in which the bubbles are destroyed, and heat is transferred to the liquid volume, in addition With hydraulic micromass, heat is also released that is transferred to the fluid.

Under the influence of the rotation forces, a partially heated mixture of bubbles and liquid from the funnels 22 enters the necks 23, where it additionally compresses and instantly unclenches in the cavity of the braking chamber 24 of the holes 21, forming a lot of cavitation additionally heated bubbles that instantly compress in the neck 25, are destroyed and transfer heat compressed volume of liquid, from the neck 25, additionally heated liquid enters the diffuser 26, where it expands instantly, while vapor-gas bubbles are formed - (vapor-gas boiling), which instantly They are destroyed and transfer heat to the volume of liquid in the annular gap 27, while at the exit of the diffuser 26, the mixture collides with the wall of the rotating shelf 28 with a collar 29, which prevents overflow of the liquid mixture. The mixture lends itself to microhydrodynamic shock (kinetic ram) while it is additionally heated and enters the perforation of the next shelf of holes 30 with funnels 31, and holes 30 in diameter are 10-20% smaller than the previous shelf, and holes 21 of shelf 19 are smaller in diameter by 10-20 % of the holes 11 in the shelf 10, which allows you to effectively act on the liquid, at the same time, the throughput is proportionally increased by increasing the number of holes in the respective shelves. From the funnel 31, the partially heated mixture from the previous shelves enters the necks 32, compresses additionally, warms up compression and instantly enters the braking chamber 33, in which the vapor bubbles compressively expand, transmit heat to the environment and instantly enter the neck 34, compressively compress additionally reheat , at the exit from the neck, the mixture enters the diffusers 35, where the practically obtained vapor-droplet mixture throttles into the peripheral annular cavity III with a temperature of up to 100 ° C or above 100 ° C. The vapor-droplet mixture having a low mass at t ° up to 100 ° C and above 100 ° C from the annular cavity III enters the bypass Z-like channels 36 in the body of the composite tavrodisk 8 and moves under pressure with little resistance to the center of rotation through the nozzles (nozzles) of low pressure 37 into the annular axial cavity IV, formed between the tavrodisk 8, the shaft 7 and the tavrodisk 38, where, under the influence of local pressure and centrifugal forces, the mixture tends from the center of the transverse flange 39, through the hole 40, where the mixture is compressed by compression and into the differential the fusor 41 with a cone expands from 15 ° to 30 ° expands instantly and enters the annular gap 42, between the shelves 39 and the shelf 43, where it can be subjected to compression, expansion, and turbulent swirl, which leads to the release of a large amount of heat . From the annular gap 42, the medium enters the neck of the hole 44 of the shelf 43, where it is compressed by compression, while heat is transferred to the entire volume of the medium, which enters the diffuser 45 with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 ° and instantly expands and is crushed into smaller particles which enter the annular gap 46 between the shelves 43 and 47, where the smaller gas-vapor fraction lends itself to compression, stretching, hydrodynamic ram, turbulent swirl, which leads to additional heat in the gap 46. From of the gap 46, the medium enters the hole 48 of the shelf 47, where it is compressed by compression, is additionally heated and enters the diffuser 49 with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 °, where it is collided and crushed into smaller particles, while the heat from the grinding of particles in the gap is additionally released 50, formed by a shelf 47 and 51, in which the medium lends itself to a more intense effect due to the rotation speed than in the gap 46. From the gap 50, the medium enters the neck of the hole 52 where compression is additionally compressed, heat is released and transferred de, which enters the diffuser 53 with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 °, where it is also stretched and crushed into smaller particles, while heat is released into the annular gap 54, which is formed by the shelf 51 and shelf 55, where the heated medium lends itself to a more intense In this case, local turboprop waves arise, which partially destroy the gas-vapor component into smaller particles than in the previous gap 50. From the gap 54, the mixture tends to perforate the hole 56, where it is compressed by compression, and the heat obtained is convectively transferred to the medium, which enters the diffuser 57 with an expansion cone from 15 ° to 30 °, where it expands instantly, while meeting resistance from the existing medium in the annular gap 58, between the shelf 55 and the shelf 59 It mixes and lends itself more actively to local turboprop waves, which partially generate ultrasonic waves that destroy the medium into smaller particles, and a large amount of heat is released. From the annular gap 58, the medium tends to diffusion slots 60 with diffusers 61 and a bevel extension from 10 ° to 30 °, which works on the principle of a high-pressure fan, in which the mixture instantly expands and meets the resistance of the existing medium in the peripheral annular cavity V mixes and transfers heat up to 200 ° or higher than 200 ° C, and all openings in the shelves are made with decreasing diameters in stages from the center in the direction of the gas-vapor medium from the center to the periphery, and the throughput volume of the openings of each shelf is increased INDICATES from 10 to 20% relative to the previous shelf due to the proportional increase in the number of holes in each shelf. The heated vapor-gas medium of the peripheral annular cavity V under excess pressure enters the bypass Z-like channels 62 of the tavrodisk 38, from where it is sprayed through the nozzles 63 into the annular cavity VI formed by the tavrodisk 38 and the tavrodisk 64 and, under pressure, the medium tends from the center of rotation to the shelf 65, the tavrodisk 38 is simultaneously gripped by a plurality of cylindrical holes 66 with diffusers 67, which are made on the shelf in parallel with alternating transverse slots 68 with diffusers 69, (in FIG. 6 s in brackets) in an amount of 2 to 10 rows, the mixture at the outlet from holes 66 and slots 68 instantly expands in diffusers 67 and diffusers 69, and intersects (collides) with local turbulent flows, the molecules of the mixture collide, the microkinetic energy partially turns into ultrasonic, partly into the heat, which move from the mouth of the slots to the mouth of the diffusers, while an obstacle is enveloped in a thin annular gap 70, the resistance of the braking effect of its own shelf 65 is overcome, and the response shelf 71 is created, ovium contributing to the partial conversion of vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. The resulting mixture from the annular gap 70 under excess local pressure and the influence of kinetic forces enters the holes 72 with diffusers 73 and diffusion slots 74 with the diffuser 75 of the shelf 71, which rotates in the opposite direction.

At the exit from the openings 72 to the diffusers 73 and from the slots 74 to the diffusers 75, the mixture instantly expands, while the local kinetic energy of the mixture is also converted partially into ultrasonic, partially into heat and enters the annular gap 76, between the shelf 71 and the shelf 77, while the mixture moves from the mouth of the slit diffuser 75 to the mouth of the diffusers 73 in a wide band, where it lends itself to multiple pulsed rams, compression, the mixture molecules collide and generate many local ultrasonic waves of local air Corollary, which collectively contribute to breaking the molecular bonds of the vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The remaining vapor molecules and the gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen under the influence of local pressure simultaneously enter the alternating holes 78 with diffusers 79 and slotted slots 80 with diffusers 81 of the shelf 77, at the outlet of the diffusers 81 and diffusers 79 the mixture enters the annular gap 82, where it encounters resistance the existing medium and can be influenced by pulsed rams, compression processes, turbulent turbulence, the mixture molecules collide and generate many local ultrasonic waves of local distribution which bend around the obstacle in the thin annular gap 82, move to the medium resistance region, while the instantly released energy turns partly into heat, partly into ultrasound and the vapor molecules that are to be divided lose molecular bonds and are divided into hydrogen and oxygen. From the annular gap 82 between the shelves 77 of the tavrodisk 38 and 83 of the tavrodisk 64, under the influence of centrifugal forces and excessive pressure, the mixture simultaneously tends to alternate slots 84 with diffusers 85 and holes 86 with diffusers 87 of the tavrodisk 64, where it immediately expands and enters the annular gap 88. in this case, the expanding mixture collides with the existing medium, kinetic energy is partially converted into ultrasonic, partially into thermal energy, which, together with many local turbulent flows, ultrasonic waves, are pulsed x rams, conditions are created conducive to the partial breaking of molecular bonds, vapor molecules to be divided lose molecular bonds and are divided into hydrogen and oxygen. From the annular gap 88 between the shelves 83 and the flange 89 of the tavrodisk 38, the mixture simultaneously enters the holes 90 with diffusers 91 and into the transverse slots 92 with the diffusers 93, where it instantly expands and enters the annular gap 94 between the flange 89 and the flange 95 of the tavrodisk 64, In this, the expanding mixture collides with the existing medium, kinetic energy is partially converted into ultrasonic, partially into heat, which, in combination with many local turbulent flows, ultrasonic waves, pulsed rams, creates conditions conducive to breaking the molecular bonds of the remaining vapor molecules, the molecules to be divided are divided into hydrogen and oxygen. From the annular gap 94 between the shelves 89 and 95 of the tavrodisk 64, the mixture simultaneously tends to diffusion slots 96 with diffusers 97 and the holes 98 with diffusers 99, where the output instantly expands and enters the annular gap 100, between the shelves 95 and 101 of the tavrodisk 38, the expanding mixture collides with the existing medium, the kinetic energy of which is partially converted into ultrasonic, partly into thermal, which, together with the many generated local turbulent flows, ultrasonic waves, pulsed rams, also creates AET conditions conducive to partial breaking of molecular bonds remaining vapor molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. From the annular gap 100 between the shelves 95 and 101 of the tavrodisk 38, the mixture tends to openings 102 with diffusers 103 and diffusion slots 104 with diffusers 105 under the influence of centrifugal forces and excessive pressure, where the outlet instantly expands and enters the annular gap of reduced pressure 106 in which the height of the gap is two times higher than the previous gap 100, while the expanding mixture collides with the remaining medium, is intersected (slowed down) by turbulent flows that move from the mouth of the diffusers to the mouths of the diffusers in the flange 101, the obstacle partially bending around in the form of the wall thickness between the slots in the flange 107 and the flange 101, rotating in opposite directions at higher speeds, contributing to the generation of many local ultrasonic waves at lower pressure, which prevents the production of hydrogen dioxide (molecular sand), as well as the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the enlarged annular gap 106, in addition, reduced pressure is created by diffusion slots 108 with diffusers 109 that capture the gas medium from the annular gap 106 and pump the mixture into the peripheral annular cavity VII according to the principle of a fan with a temperature of 212 ° C to 500 ° C and above, where the temperature is regulated by the wall of the cup 5. The flow of the gas medium between the annular gaps and the annular cavities is prevented by O-rings (K .U.) By affiliation, K.U. From the annular cavity VII, a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen with a temperature of 212 ° C and above 212 ° C under excessive pressure enters the Z-like bypass channels 110 with a catalyst, and channels in an amount of two or more are made with an expansion of 5 ° to 10 ° directed from the periphery to the center, in order to prevent the catalyst packing, wherein the mixture diffuses through the enclosed catalyst fixed steady state gaseous H ₂ and O _2, and is heated during the diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen is cooled, which prevents oxidation of hydrogen (in the dark H ₂ - nizkoaktiven) and oxygen in the process of moving the entire length of channel 110. From channel 110 the mixture through the nozzle 111 flows into the axial annular cavity bounded VIII tavrodiskom 64, flange 112, and shaft 7 konfigurnym tavrodiskom 113 secured in nozzle housing 5 with the possibility of rotation in the opposite direction relative to the tavrodisk 64. In order to prevent turbulent motion and mix the mixture in the cavity VIII, the shelf 112 contains a tavrodisk 64, which rotate simultaneously with the nozzles 111, while laminar movement mixtures along the wall of the tavrodisk 64, and primary separation (extraction) of the mixture into hydrogen and oxygen is performed, heavy oxygen under the influence of Coriolis forces and kinetic forces is dumped (drains) into confusers (funnels) 114 in an amount of 2 to 20 rows or more with an angle expansion from 5 ° to 30 ° directed to the shaft of rotation 7 with holes 115 directed to the periphery. Hydrogen as the lightest structure (inertia-free) is displaced at the stage of easy throttling of the mixture to the edge of the stream (shown in more detail in Fig. 7) and enters the opening 116 with diffusers 117 with an expansion angle of 5 ° to 15 °, and the edge of the shelf is thickened in the form of an annular collar 118, which prevents the free circulation of oxygen around the circumference of the shelf and mixing with hydrogen, however, the incoming hydrogen with part of the oxygen in the diffuser 117 is scattered and partially flows from the thin annular gap 119 into the expanded col the main gap 120, formed by the shelf 118 and the shelf 121, where under the influence of centrifugal forces and pressure simultaneously with oxygen from the holes 115 flows into similar confusers with holes 124, and hydrogen with the remaining oxygen from the high part of the shoulder 122, the gap 119, flows under pressure into holes 125 with a diffuser 126, where it expands and enters a thin annular gap 127 formed by a shelf 121 and a shelf 128 from where, under the influence of centrifugal forces and pressure, part of the oxygen flows into the extended gap 129 and together with oxygen from the holes 124 confuser funnels 130 with openings 131 enter, and the remaining part of the oxygen in the hydrogen medium in the gap 127 flows under the influence of centrifugal forces from the annular collar 132 into the openings 133 with a diffuser 134, where it expands and enters a thin annular gap 135 formed by a shelf 128, a shelf 136 and an annular collar 137, from where, under the influence of centrifugal forces and pressure, part of the remaining oxygen flows into the widened gap 138 and, together with the oxygen stream from the holes 131 under pressure, enters diffusion slots 139 with diffusers 140 with an expansion angle of 5 ° to 30 ° directed to the periphery, operating by the principle of a fan, delivers oxygen from the annular gap 138 into the annular cavity IX, the remaining oxygen and possibly moisture together with hydrogen from the thin gap 135 enters the holes 141 with diffusers 142 where it expands and under pressure enters the blind channel 143, which is connected to the radial bypass channels 144 through which pure hydrogen moves from the periphery to the center, and the remaining oxygen and possibly moisture under the influence of centrifugal forces through an opening 145 it enters a channel 146 which is connected to an annular cavity IX formed by a shelf 136 and a shelf 147, from where pure oxygen enters the diffusion slots 148 with diffusers 149, operating on the principle of a high-pressure fan, the oxygen and possible moisture are partially cooled at this stage and enters the annular cavity X, from where, through a Z-shaped bypass channel 150, under pressure it enters the throttle nozzle 151 where it is throttled, partially cooled, and enters the annular cavity XI, which is composed of th tavrodiskom 113, lid 6, which contains a dividing shelf 153, where through a side opening 154 Oxygen (Product №2) and possible moisture is supplied to the consumer or to a storage warehouse. Hydrogen (Product No. 1) from channel 144 through an opening with a non-return valve 152 enters the sag ring cavity XII, which is formed by a tavrodisc 113, with a cover 6 and a separation shelf 153, from where it enters the consumer or the storage warehouse through the outlet 155. In addition, the separation shelf 153 contains an O-ring (K.U.) and is hollow to supply an agent for regulating the thermal regime of the formed cavities XI and XII and cover 6. In order to regulate the overall thermal regime of the apparatus, the housing 1 inside contains a helical spiral 156, which with the body of the cup 5 forms a helical channel 157 where the agent is supplied through the nozzle 158, and returns through the nozzle 159, the agent being supplied from the side of the most heated part of the gas generator.

Industrial applicability

The invention provides the direct production of high-quality hydrogen and oxygen components from a liquid using a mechanical apparatus that uses counter-rotation of configuration tavrodisks from a rotation drive with a speed of 50 to 600 m / s, which causes a temperature-gas-vapor reaction and the breaking of HOH valence bonds with a phase transition to gaseous state at t from 212 ° to 500 ° C, these are the most economically most profitable and expedient processes.

During the passage of fluid from the load to complete separation into components, the process changes as follows:

- obtaining a vapor-droplet composition;

- receiving steam;

- obtaining a gas-vapor composition;

- obtaining a gas composition;

- obtaining pure components of hydrogen and oxygen,

since pure hydrogen and pure oxygen have a specific heat of combustion above 143 MJ per 1 kg.

From 50 kg of pure water we obtain 19918 kcal or 23.1 kW e / energy at a cost of 9.5 kW / h.

These are economically useful processes, since the resulting products are hydrogen and oxygen, the energy of which is significantly greater than the energy of the source water (liquid).

Claims (3)

1. Mechanical hydrogen-gas generator for direct production of hydrogen and oxygen from a liquid, comprising a stationary casing, which, on the liquid supply side, contains a cantilever shaft with a glass, and on the product side, the lid contains a second cantilever shaft, the glass and shaft alternately containing rotor disks forming walls chambers with the possibility of rotation in different directions and heating of the liquid, and the case around the circumference contains spline and screw channels, as well as all the disks are equipped with cone-shaped jet formers along the liquid, characterized in that the device at the base contains an airtight cup in which the composite configuration tavrodiski with ring shelves are alternately rotatable from 50 to 600 m / s, while forming respectively functional sections, where the configuration of the circular ring shelves on the plot II-III liquid heating to 100 ° C and / or above 100 ° C, contain necks between confuser-diffusion holes, which in turn contain annular braking chambers, the volume of which is from 20 to 50% more than the volume of the necks, and the angle is wide irrigation of confusers having the shape of a funnel from 15 ° to 20 °, and an expansion angle of diffusers from 15 ° to 30 °, the said confuser-diffuser holes on each annular shelf with a direction from the rotation shaft to the periphery are made with a reduction in geometric dimensions from 10 to 20%, where each subsequent shelf contains more holes, respectively, from 10 to 20%, Z-like bypass channels in the body of the composite disk are made in the form of a wedge with a wedge extension of 5 ° to 10 ° directed from the peripheral cavity into the axial cavity of the functional section IV- V steam production to a temperature of 200 ° C or higher than 200 ° C, where the first annular shelf from the rotation shaft contains holes with diffusers with an expansion angle of 15 ° to 30 °, as the distance from the rotation shaft to the periphery, the holes contained in the ring shelves with diffusers are made with decreasing hole diameters, respectively, according to the scheme, the first shelf is 1, the second 0.9-0.8; the third 0.7-0.6; the fourth 0.5-0.4; fifth 0.3-0.2, while the volume of throughput of the holes of each shelf increases, respectively, by 10-20%, the peripheral shelf in a circle contains diffusion slots with bevels at an angle of 10 ° to 30 °, bypass Z-like channels in the body composite tavrodiskov at the exit from the peripheral cavity of section V contain spray nozzles in the axial cavity of the functional section VI-VII, where the made circular shelves in a circle contain holes with diffusers and alternating diffusion slots with expansion angles from 10 ° to 30 °, made The peripheral pressure injection peripheral cavity with a temperature from 200 ° C to 400 ° C contains diffusion slots with expansion slopes in one direction from 10 ° to 30 °, bypass Z-like channels in the body of the next composite tavrodisk are made in the form of a wedge with expanding from the periphery to the rotation shaft from 5 ° to 10 °, and contains a mesh catalyst, and at the exit from the peripheral cavity of the VII section, said channels contain spray nozzles in the axial cavity of the functional section VII-IX, where the made shelves in a circle contain openings with funnels and a collar on the outskirts containing holes with diffusers, and subsequent shelves made in the section from the center of rotation to the shelves with diffusion slots contain funnels with an extension of 5 ° to 30 ° and the base adjoin each other, and the holes with diffusers are made with expanding from 5 ° to 15 ° and the base directed to the periphery, a peripheral shelf with diffusion slots made with bevels expanding from 5 ° to 30 ° and directed along the rotation of the tavrodisk, together with the wall of the tavrodisk and subsequent periphery A serial shelf forms an intermediate functional annular cavity IX of oxygen collection, which is connected through diffusion slots to the peripheral annular cavity X formed by the wall of the glass and the walls of two disks, one of which contains lower Z-like oxygen bypass channels and upper Z-like bypass hydrogen channels with a mesh catalyst, moreover, the oxygen channels at the outlet contain throttle nozzles; the hydrogen channels contain check valves that are connected to odvizhnoy lid annular channels respectively, wherein the annular channels comprise outlet openings for product accessories, in addition, the cover comprises a thermostatic hollow channel which is remote from the oxygen channel, and as close to hydrogen annular channel for the purpose of cooling. 2. A mechanical method for the direct production of hydrogen and oxygen from a liquid, including moving the liquid in two directions, one part along the cylindrical body, the other part of the liquid through the cone-shaped openings of the end wall of the glass moves from one annular chamber to another with a change in speed due to the rotation of the disks formed the walls of the chambers, characterized in that the liquid in the cavity of the glass is exposed through rotation of the tavrodisk configuration profile with a speed of from 50 to 600 m / s, and / or above 600 m / , which tends from the center of the axis of rotation to the annular cavity, on the periphery of rotation through the structural elements of the holes in the annular shelves, which on the inside of the annular shelves contain funnels with an expansion angle of 15 ° to 20 °, and on the outside there are diffusers with an expansion angle of 15 ° to 30 °, between which annular samples are made in the necks with a volume of 20 to 50% more than the volume of each neck, which contribute to the expansion of the liquid structure, the formation of many cavitation bubbles, when collapsing heat up to 100 ° C or higher than 100 ° C, a vapor-droplet composition is formed in the periphery of the annular cavity with the possibility of movement in Z-like channels with low kinetic resistance from the periphery into the next axial annular cavity, whence through the structural elements of the holes made with decreasing diameters in the annular shelves along the medium from the axis of rotation to the periphery, the medium gradually gives in to a turboprop, wall-mounted high-speed pulse-wave pulsation, an ultrasonic wave is generated with a frequency of 16000 and more less than 16,000 Hertz, a vapor-gas reaction is formed with a temperature of up to 200 ° C or more than 200 ° C, from the subsequent axial annular cavity, the medium tends to the periphery through shelves with alternating openings and transverse slots, with an expansion angle of 10 to 30 ° in one direction, which additionally generate acoustic waves in the gaps between the walls of the shelves, cause magnetic resonance wave high-speed pulsations of microwaves, while heat is additionally released with a temperature limit of 200 ° C to 550 ° C and the breaking of HOH valence bonds with phase the transition to a gaseous state, while the mixture from the peripheral annular cavity through Z-shaped bypass channels made in the form of a wedge with an extension of the angle from 5 ° to 10 in the direction from the periphery to the axis of rotation through the contained catalysts enters the next axial annular cavity and tends to the periphery two flows through openings in the annular shelves, which contain funnels with an expansion angle of 5 to 30 ° and the base adjoin each other through which oxygen in one stream enters the intermediate annular field spine, while displacing hydrogen at the border (periphery) of the collar of the annular shelf with holes whose diffusers are made with an expansion angle from 5 ° to 15 °, which contributes to the ejection effect in the process of hydrogen transfer and the formation of pressure in short Z-like channels with a catalyst, which helps to prevent self-ignition, in turn, the residual oxygen through the holes adjacent to the end face under the influence of inertia enters the intermediate annular cavity, whence under the influence of its own weight and forces Otto Nerz diffusion through slits in the peripheral annular shelf is pumped into the annular cavity with an excess pressure, which promotes the inflow of the short Z-channel, and the like droselirovaniyu via an oxygen injector, which in this case is cooled in an annular cavity of the cap. 3. The mechanical method according to claim 2, that the peripheral annular shelves are configured to pressurize the intended purpose in the peripheral cavities through slots with an angle of expansion of the bevels from 10 ° to 30 ° in one direction, while reducing the pressure in front of the gaps between the annular shelves.

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