RU2752504C2 - Method and device for heating and purifying liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cavitation equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to cavitation equipment producing heated or cooled liquids. The device for heating the liquid by means of cavitation comprises a case having an inlet for the liquid to be heated, and an outlet for releasing the heated liquid from the case, and an external rotor, made with the possibility of fixing on the motor shaft and enclosing in the case and with the possibility of rotation inside the case. The external rotor has many cavitation holes on its outer surface, and it is located inside the case to form a liquid heating zone between the outer surface of the external rotor and the inner surface of the case, which faces the outer surface of the external rotor. The inner surface of the case, which faces the outer surface of the external rotor containing holes, has a plurality of laterally spaced first funnel zones running around the circumference along this inner surface. Each first funnel zone ends in the first outlet zone. Each first funnel zone contains the first inclined section. Each first outlet zone is displaced relatively to the adjacent first outlet zone. The liquid entering the case is heated by interacting with the first funnel zones, the first inclined sections, and holes in the external rotor and by rotating the external rotor. The invention also contains a cavitation device system, two methods for thermal modification of the liquid by cavitation.

EFFECT: group of inventions is aimed at elimination of the destructive forces inherent in the cavitation process, improvement of the efficiency and reduction of cavitation noise, production of heated liquids and purifying the liquid.

14 cl, 10 dwg

Description

Technology area

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cavitation equipment generating heated or cooled liquids, comprising at least one engine, a housing, a liquid to be heated and cavernous bodies rotating in a liquid to be heated and driven by an external motor.

State of the art

The phenomenon of cavitation to generate heat in liquids such as water is well known to those skilled in the art.

An example of a cavitation system using a rotating body to generate heated fluids is presented in US Pat. No. 3,720,372 to Jacobs. Other patented solutions using cavitation to generate heat were developed in the 1950s, especially in the United States. Well known US patent No. 4,424,797 (author: Perkins). This patent is an advanced and state-of-the-art version of the solutions described in US Pat. No. 2,683,448 by Smith. One improvement is also described in US Pat. No. 4,779,575 by Perkins.

Cavitation devices are also described in US Pat. Nos. 5,188,090 and 5,385,298 to Griggs. In these devices, a cylindrical body is placed in the body of the device, and the surface is equipped with cavitation holes. The liquid to be heated is poured into the free cylindrical space between the rotating body with cavitation holes and the inner surface of the body; as the cavitation body rotates, the pressure and temperature of the liquid increase. Griggs patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Other cavitation devices are described in US patent No. 6,164,274 (author: Giebeler), US patent No. 6,227,193 (author: Selivanov) and RF patent No. RU 2,262,644. Another cavitation-based approach is shown in US Patent Application No. 2010/0154772 by Harris. In this approach, the spiral coils of the rotating rotor and the inner shell of the housing jointly generate cavitation heat as the rotor rotates. The idea of a similar cavitation device is described in patent WO2012 / 164322A1 (author: Fabian).

The prior art systems described above suffer from a number of disadvantages, including inefficiency and noise generated by them, primarily due to the approach to the cavitation process as a two-dimensional process. One of the objectives of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known solutions and the harmful effects of cavitation in cavitation devices in order to get rid of the destructive forces inherent in the cavitation process, to improve the efficiency and reduce cavitation noise using a three-dimensional vector approach.

The essence of the invention

One of the objectives of the invention is to provide a cavitation device that produces heated liquids sufficient to clean the fluid and for alternative methods of heat transfer, which contains at least one motor, a housing, a fluid to be heated and one or more cavernous cavitation bodies rotating in an underlying heating fluid and driven by the engine. The invention includes a procedure for operating equipment. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is to eliminate the otherwise harmful and erosive effects of cavitation by using the cavitation bubbles formed to change the thermal conditions of liquids, mainly water, for water purification, HVAC applications and other similar processes that require heat transfer.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that a limiting form is installed in the body, which contains cavitation stages, guiding and reflecting buffers and a free limiting slot for the liquid to be heated between the limiting form and the cavitation body, which allows to control the speed and direction of the formed cavitation bubbles, which is critical for process integrity and reduction / elimination of destructive forces associated with the cavitation process. The invention also includes a method of using cavitation equipment as an integral part of improving the overall cavitation system in terms of noise reduction and process efficiency.

The technical result is achieved in that in a device for heating a liquid by means of cavitation, comprising a housing having an inlet for the liquid to be heated and an outlet for discharging heated liquid from the housing; an external rotor configured to be fixed on the engine shaft and enclosed in a housing and rotatable inside the housing, and the external rotor has a plurality of cavitation holes on its outer surface and is located inside the housing to form a fluid heating zone between the outer surface of the outer rotor and the inner surface housing, which faces the outer surface of the outer rotor, the inner surface of the housing facing the outer surface of the outer rotor containing holes, has a plurality of laterally spaced first zones of the funnel extending circumferentially along this inner surface, with each first zone of the funnel ending in the first outlet zone, each first zone of the funnel contains a first inclined section, each first outlet zone is offset from the adjacent first outlet zone, and the fluid entering the housing is heated by interaction with the first zones of the funnel, the first inclination areas, holes in the outer rotor and by rotating the outer rotor.

The device may additionally contain a stationary rotor head, which is installed in the housing and has an outer surface facing the inner surface of the outer rotor, and the outer surface of the stationary rotor head and the inner surface of the outer rotor form a second zone of fluid cavitation, the outer surface of the stationary rotor head contains a plurality of cavitation holes, the inner surface of the outer rotor has a plurality of laterally spaced second zones of the funnel extending circumferentially along the inner surface of the outer rotor, with each second zone of the funnel ending in a second outlet zone, each second zone of the funnel containing a second inclined portion, each second outlet zone is displaced relative to the adjacent second outlet zone, and the fluid entering the second zone of fluid cavitation is heated due to interaction with the second zones of the funnel, the second inclined sections, holes in rotor head and by rotating the outer rotor.

In another embodiment, the cavitation device has a horizontal longitudinal axis, and each of the first outlet zones, when viewed in cross-section perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis, is at the 6 o'clock position in case of heating of the fluid and at the 3 or 9 o'clock position at the case of cooling the fluid.

In another embodiment, the cavitation device has a horizontal longitudinal axis, and each of the second outlet zones, when viewed in cross-section perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis, is at the 6 o'clock position in the case of heating the fluid and at the 3 or 9 o'clock position in the case of cooling the fluid.

In another embodiment, the first zone of the funnel at the first outlet zone on the inner surface of the housing has a face formed at right angles to the inner surface.

In another embodiment, each of the first zones of the funnel at each first outlet zone on the inner surface of the body has a face formed at right angles to the inner surface of the body, and each of the second zones of the funnel at every second outlet zone on the inner surface of the outer rotor has a face formed by generally at right angles to the inner surface of the outer rotor.

The system of the cavitation device contains the above-described device for heating a liquid by means of cavitation, b) an inlet storage tank in communication with an inlet in the housing, c) a water hammer-resistant reservoir for discharged water, in communication with an outlet of the housing, d) an engine having a shaft a motor and an outer rotor mounted on the motor shaft, e) a motor controller for controlling the speed of the motor; f) temperature sensors to monitor the inlet and outlet fluid for the device, and g) a bypass tube between the inlet of the incoming water reservoir and the outlet of the surge resistant reservoir for outlet water.

In another embodiment, the outer rotor is mounted on the motor shaft in a cantilever configuration so that there are no internal bearings in the device.

A method for thermally changing a fluid using cavitation includes the steps of a) having the above-described device for heating a fluid using cavitation; b) introducing fluid into the inlet; c) rotating the outer rotor to heat the fluid using a variable speed to improve the alignment of the bubbles with the cavitation holes; and d) discharging the thermally modified fluid from the outlet.

In another embodiment, the fluid is water.

In another embodiment, the fluid is purified.

A method for thermally changing a fluid using cavitation includes a) having the above-described device for heating a liquid using cavitation, b) introducing a fluid into an inlet, c) rotating an outer rotor to heat the fluid using a variable speed to improve bubble alignment. with cavitation holes, and d) discharge of thermally modified fluid from the outlet, control system.

In another embodiment, the fluid is water.

In another embodiment, the fluid is purified.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the one shown in FIG. 1 device partially cut to show details.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line III of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged portion of the sectional view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an even more enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows the locations of the outlet openings and the locations of the cavitation openings, taking into account the engine speed and the estimated velocity of the fluid at the outlet in a standard two-dimensional form.

FIG. 7 shows a typical cylindrical trajectory of the fluid in the redistribution of the cavitation head in the third dimension.

FIG. 8 shows the general locations of the buffers relative to each other to ensure a uniform flow rate of fluid into the cavitation holes in the third dimension.

FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 near the entry point of the outlet funnels.

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 towards the outlet funnels.

FIG. 9 shows a table of the physical characteristics of water, which change as the temperature changes, which requires control of the speed of the cavitation process.

FIG. 10 shows the general requirements for the system to create a controlled three-dimensional cavitation process without negative destructive forces.

Detailed description of the invention

The phenomenon of cavitation and its use for heating liquids is well known in the art.

Cavitation vacuum bubbles form in parts of the liquid with reduced pressure, mainly in areas where the flow rates of the liquid are high. This phenomenon is common in center pumps and near propellers or hydro turbines and can cause intense erosion of the rotating propellers and the surface of all exposed materials.

This phenomenon is accompanied by vibration and detonation noise; it distorts the flow pattern and reduces the efficiency of the respective motor. Regardless of the material of manufacture of the propeller or turbine blade, cavitation causes erosion of the corresponding surfaces, literally eating up even the hardest alloys and creating microscopic holes and cavities on the surface. Hence the name of this phenomenon, since cavitation means the creation of cavities. For the above reasons, cavitation is usually a phenomenon that must be eliminated.

Cavitation vacuum bubbles are usually small, only a few millimeters in size, and are formed by a sudden decrease in pressure in high-speed liquid flows between liquid molecules. Upon entering a high-pressure area, the bubbles collapse, or explode, and evenly fill the space with droplets if the pressure of high-pressure fluids suddenly drops. Small cavities are formed among the droplets and droplet molecules, literally forming vacuum bubbles. The subsequent destruction of such vacuum bubbles is accompanied by low rumbling noise and light emission. The destruction of large quantities of liquid molecules creates a crackling, vibrating rumbling noise. When the bubbles break, the energy stored in the form of significant heat and light energy in the bubbles is released. This energy is distributed at different frequencies and is absorbed by neighboring molecules, thereby increasing their temperature. In other words, the resulting gas reaches a state in which the elevated temperature and pressure of the saturated gas break the molecular bond and the bubbles will suddenly split apart. The resulting high temperature is absorbed by the surrounding liquid molecules, thereby heating the fluid. The heat generated during the cavitation process is sufficient to remove any bacteria, viruses, heavy metals and other contaminants from the fluid, and thus provides the additional benefit of cleaning. In fact, purified fluid is best suited to control the 3D cavitation process.

Again, the use of this phenomenon to heat liquids has been known for many years. However, cavitation for heating liquids was obtained indirectly, for example, using rotating bodies driven by electric motors, which is much more expensive than heating liquids directly using electricity. On the other hand, the situation changes if other economical energy sources are available in one way or another, for example, a turbine, a gasoline or diesel engine, etc. Using such energy sources, it is possible to directly produce purified heated liquids.

In systems such as those shown in the above-mentioned Griggs patents, fluid circulating at a selected high velocity in a closed system and passing through the restriction channel is abruptly introduced into the expansion section (cavitation holes) and the necessary pressure reduction occurs to create cavitations.

As a rule, cavitation is a harmful phenomenon due to its destructive characteristics, excessive heat generation, high outlet pressure and noise. However, the present invention is based on the realization that it is possible to create an improved cavitation device by placing a restriction or obstacle between the rotating cavitation body and the inner surface of the housing containing this body, and, optionally, the inner surface of the rotating cavitation body and an auxiliary stationary rotor head. In this case, continuous explosion of the vacuum bubbles is guaranteed. By constructing the interior of the housing with an obstacle or restriction, where the liquid to be heated in the holes surrounds the vacuum bubbles during explosion, it is possible to reduce cavitation noise and reduce or eliminate the harmful effects of cavitation.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a cavitation device for generating heated purified liquids, which comprises at least one motor, a housing to be heated, a rotating cavitation body that rotates in the liquid to be heated and is driven by a motor. The engine can be an electric motor, but steam or internal combustion engines or rotating turbine shafts can also be used to drive the cavitation equipment. For the formation of the second zone of heating the liquid, a stationary rotor head can be placed inside the rotating cavitation body. The invention also includes a method of operating the device, which, without going into detail, includes supplying a fluid, such as water, to the device for cavitation and then using the heated fluid in a manner known in the art. While water is desirable as the fluid, the device can be used to heat and purify any fluid as desired.

The advantages of the invention are enhanced by the presence of cavitation holes in the rotating cavitation body and the rotary head, if any. As for the rotating cavitation body, its outer surface is equipped with cavitation holes, much like those described in the Griggs patents. The holes and the chamber between the rotating cavitation body and the surrounding body form the cavitation flow zone. In an embodiment using a stationary rotor head, the outer surface of the rotor head is also provided with cavitation holes in such a way that they face the inner surface of the rotating cavitation body, which is also usually annular in shape. This creates an additional cavitation zone for fluid flow between the interior of the rotating cavitation body and the rotary head to enhance fluid cavitation.

FIG. 1-10 show one embodiment of the invention. The device is designated 10 and contains an external motor 1 used to rotate a rotating cavitation body or external rotor 5 by means of a direct drive shaft 3, which includes a shaft seal 7. The shaft 3 passes through the hole 6 at the end 8 of the housing 9 and the hole 12 in the outer rotor 6 5. The outer rotor 5 can rotate at any number of rotational speeds, which depend on the viscosity of the heated fluid. Typical speeds for optimal fluid cavitation are between 2500-4000 rpm; such speeds are the same as described in the Griggs patents. However, in order to improve the Griggs patent and accurately determine the location in the third dimension of the cavitation bubbles discharged into the cavitation holes 33, 37, the speed of the device 10 is controlled by the variable speed controller 301 along with guide and reflective buffers. This is essential to ensure an accurate _{shaft speed S v} that determines the horizontal V _X , vertical V _Y, tertiary V _Z fluid velocities in the outlet zones 31, 35 of the device 10. The fluid is compressed within the outlet funnel, guided and released at a specific velocity F _V , which is determined by the physical length L _{A of the} arc between the cavitation zones (Fig. 6) when determining the actual number of outlet cavitation zones for a given cavitation head at any particular engine speed. Since the fluid velocity Fv can be controlled, the time it takes for the fluid molecule to travel along the arc L _A can be determined and the horizontal and vertical components of the fluid velocity in the outlet zones 31, 35 _{can be calculated. The horizontal curvilinear velocity is defined as a function of V x} = d _x / d _t , while vertical speed V _y = d _y / d _t and tertiary speed V _{Z =} d _{Z /} d _t . The guiding and reflecting buffers are made with the possibility of zeroing the tertiary velocity V _z by eliminating the component d _Z and, thus, finding solutions for d _x and d _y , it is possible to determine the location of the cavitation holes 33, 37 and the distance between the holes B _A depending on time (i.e. engine speed) to adjust. FIG. 6 shows only two cavitation holes, however, it should be understood that the cavitation holes extend along the circumference of the outer rotor as shown in FIG. 3.

The rotor housing 9 is provided, which has no internal bearings. The presence of internal bearings is a critical failure in the Fabian patent, as in this design the bearings will be directly affected by the transfer of heat from the fluid to the bearings during the cavitation process. Accordingly, the shaft 3 of the motor 1 extends through the housing 9 and supports the outer rotor 5 to rotate in a cantilever configuration. The motor has a shaft 3 longer than normal and internal bearings in the motor to support a balanced outer rotor 5 when the shaft 3 passes through the housing 9. The housing 9 forms a cavity 11, the cavity being adapted to receive the outer rotor 5. In order to seal between the motor shaft 3 and housing 9 contains a standard shaft seal (not shown). The cantilevered motor arrangement and motor bearings coupled to the motor to support the motor shaft eliminate the bearing failure problems encountered in prior art devices.

During operation, a fluid, such as water, is introduced into the cavity 11 at a rate based on the optimum adjusted engine speed for the fluid during operation of the device 10. When the outer rotor 5 is located inside the housing, the outer surface 13 of the outer rotor 5 faces the inner the surface 15 of the body 9. Between these two surfaces 13 and 15 there is a gap 17, and this gap 17 becomes for the device 10 one of the zones of heating of the fluid, consisting of three lateral zones 215 of cavitation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1-10, there are six fluid heating zones due to three sets of three outlet zones 31 and 35 for heating zone 17 and the same layout for heating zone 25, so there are eighteen cavitation zones 215 in total. This amount can be increased or decreased by changing the size of the cavitation head for the additional _{arc length L A} in accordance with the selected engine speeds. This is achieved by providing a second rotor head 19 having a specific rotation pitch or configuration and having similar physical characteristics to the outer rotor 5 to enhance energy in the fluid. The outer surface 21 of the rotor head 19 faces the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5, and there is a gap between them. The gap forms another zone 25 for heating the fluid of the device 10.

A housing cover 27 is also provided. The housing cover 27 is docked with the housing 9 by any known fastening method to form a sealed cavitation chamber that contains the rotor head 19 and the outer rotor 5. The rotary head 19 is mounted on the housing cover 27 in any standard way with the formation of a gap 25 as a heating zone for the fluid between the external or the outer surface 21 of the rotor head 19 and the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5. As an example for mounting, the holes 26 can be used together with the corresponding fasteners.

The materials selected for the outer rotor 5 and rotor head 19, as well as the housing 9 and cover 27, are selected for optimum performance and safety. Examples of materials for body 9 and cover 27 include polymers such as polyamide. The outer rotor 5 and the rotor head 19 can be made of metallic materials such as aluminum or its alloy, or stainless steels.

The fluid to be heated or cleaned is introduced into the cavitation device 10 through an inlet 29 located on the housing cover 27. Although the position of the inlet 29 can be varied, it is preferably positioned so that the fluid enters the second heating zone 25 (see Fig. 4), i.e. between the stationary inner rotor head 19 and the outer rotor 5.

Cavitation zones 17 and 25 have special features that allow optimal cavitation. FIG. 8 shows the location of these distinctive features. The inner surface 15 of the rotor housing 9 and the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5 have guide buffers 201 and 203 and reflective buffers 202 and 204, respectively, for guiding water along a path towards inclined sections 31 and 35 in each of them. The guide buffers 201 and 203 of these surfaces are longer, while the reflective buffers 202 and 204 are shorter and allow water to be guided into the inclined zone 31 and 35 along the natural direction F _{d of the} fluid, as shown in the third dimension in FIG. 7. Each set of these buffers is offset, the inner row being offset 212 from the middle row and the middle row being offset 213 from the outer row to accommodate variations in the time the fluid molecule is in cylindrical motion, and thus influence the velocity components V _X , V _Y and V _{Z of} the cavitation zone in determining the locations of cavitation holes 33 and 37. This allows the inner rotor 21 and the outer rotor 5 to be brought into line with standard manufacturing processes.

In addition, since the assumption of a three-dimensional trajectory of the discharged fluid creates geometric manufacturing problems with respect to the location and formation of cavitation holes 33 and 37, a perpendicular section 210 of the guide buffers 201 and 203 and the reflective buffers 202 and 204 is provided to facilitate the two-dimensional discharge of the fluids. into the cavitation holes 33 and 37. The cavitation holes 33 and 37 are located on a two-dimensional plane, since the tertiary velocity V _{Z has} been reduced to zero, so that the distance between the outlet zone 215 and the cavitation holes 33, 37 is in direct correlation with F _v . By accurately locating the discharged fluid to align with cavitation holes 33 and 37, uncontrolled release of destructive cavitation bubbles in sections without cavitation holes is prevented. This is achieved by the shape of the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5 in the funnel regions 205 between the guide buffers 201 and the reflective buffers 202. This inclined surface has a helical shape as illustrated by radial distances when measured from the central longitudinal axis A of the device 10. As shown in FIG. ... 3, one radius R2, measured from a point on the central axis of the device, is such that R2 is less than another radius R4. The difference in radius and the spiral shape of the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5 create a sawtooth shape 31. This configuration creates a pressure drop critical for the formation of cavitation vacuum bubbles on the sawtooth shape 31.

The outer surface 21 of the rotor head is made with a number of spaced cavitation holes 33 of a given depth and circumference. The holes 33 interact with the sawtooth shape 31 and the spiral shape of the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5 to ensure a continuous and increasing formation of vacuum bubbles in the regular arrangement of the cavitation holes 33 of the rotor head 19. Heat is generated by the process of cavitation of the fluid without virtually destructive effect on the rotor head 19 or cavitation holes 33. During operation, the outer rotor 5 rotates in a clockwise direction, see FIG. 4. The fluid is compressed during the rotation cycle of the outer rotor 5, and the pressure rises in the cavitation zone 25 and 17 of the fluid. The entrance to the sawtooth shapes 31 and 35 provides an expansion area that causes a rapid drop in pressure, and this pressure drop allows cavitation bubbles to form and subsequently explode in cavitation holes 33 and 37.

After entering zone 25, the fluid exits zone 25 through several openings 34 on the rear surface 36 of the outer rotor 5. This outgoing fluid then enters another fluid cavitation zone 17 formed in the space between the inner surface 15 of the housing 9 and the outer surface 13 the outer rotor 5. In fact, the fluid is included in the additional cavitation process, which has the opposite direction with the rotating fluid flow in the first cavitation process, which occurs in the zone 25 between the outer surface 21 of the rotor head and the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5.

The housing 9 has a similar helical configuration on its inner surface 15 with a corresponding sawtooth shape 35 formed by the difference in radii shown in FIG. 3. Namely, the radius R1 is less than the radius R3 in order to form a sawtooth shape 35 in the funnel regions 206 between the guide buffers 203 and the reflective buffers 204.

The outer rotor 5 contains cavitation holes 37, similar to holes in the rotor head 19.

The fluid leaving the first cavitation zone 25 is introduced into the second heating or cavitation zone 17. The rotating fluid is then introduced into the regular arrangement of the cavitation holes 37 of the outer rotor in exactly the same way as the fluid is introduced into the holes 33 in the rotor head 19. The difference between chambers 17 and 25 lies in the orientation of the sawtooth shapes 31 and 35. Configurations of the sawtooth shapes 35 and 31 are opposite.

In other words, as shown in FIG. 3, for the surface 23 of the outer rotor 5, a spiral of increasing radius extends in a clockwise direction from a short radius R2 to a long radius R4. For the surface 15 of the body 9, the increase in radius occurs in the counterclockwise direction - from a short radius R1 to a long radius R3. This means that the edges of the sawtooth shapes 31 and 35 are opposite to each other. As seen in FIG. 5, the sawtooth shape 35 has a facet 39, which is shown in a rectangular configuration. However, face 39 can also be inclined. The spiral configuration guarantees maximum vacuum bubble formation and bubble burst resulting in heat release. The double balanced cavitation process in zone 17 and zone 25 occurs simultaneously. Thus, in one rotation cycle of the engine and the outer rotor 5, the fluid is subjected to cavitation treatment twice.

For the cavitation process, it is also desirable that the primary sawtooth shapes 31 and 35 are aligned at rest, as shown in FIG. 3. That is, so that the sawtooth shapes 31 and 35 are at the 6 o'clock position.

Since the body 9 is stationary, and the device is positioned so that the axis A is horizontal, the installation of the sawtooth 35 in this position is not a problem. One way to obtain the sawtooth shape 31 of the outer rotor 5, which can be moved to this position by its connection to the motor, is to balance the outer rotor 5 by means of several outlets 34 so that in the absence of power supply from of the motor 1, the outer rotor 5 was returned to its proper starting position with respect to the inner sawtooth 31 and the outer sawtooth 35. At this starting position, the maximum heat generation of the fluid during processing is achieved. Although the position of the sawtooth shape of the outer rotor may differ from the position by 6 o'clock, even deviate up to 90 degrees to either side, the effectiveness of cavitation decreases when deviating from the preferred starting position. The location of the sawtooth shapes 31 and 35 at the 6 o'clock position is also preferable because it makes it easier to start the device from the point of view of filling (inlet 29 is aligned with the sawtooth shape 31, since the device functions not only as a device for cavitation of liquid, but also like a pump, sucking liquid into and out of device 10. A deviation from the 6 o'clock position towards the 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock position reduces the pressure drop across the sawtooth and / or weakens cavitation. position at 3 or 9 o'clock, together with the change in the length L _{A of the} arc, the cavitation device absorbs the heat of the fluid and creates a cooling effect, while maintaining the non-destructive nature of the cavitation device.

The fluid to be cavitated then leaves the cavitation device 10 through an outlet 41 in the cover 27 at low pressure (<1 atmosphere). To achieve maximum efficiency and eliminate the damaging element of cavitation, the system as a whole should include, at a minimum, a variable speed motor controller 301, a water hammer resistant reservoir 303 for discharging water, and an inlet storage reservoir 304. Water hammer resistant reservoir 303 set to 12-15 psi for outlet water. inch, which ensures proper elimination of the noise of heating the water, while the inlet storage tank 304 allows the cavitation device 10 to operate with a fluid flow at ambient pressure. Since each physical property of the fluid changes with increasing temperature, as indicated in the table in FIG. 9 for water, it is important that the engine speed is continuously adjusted in order to control the speed to ensure the cavitation process, in particular, to control the distance from the cavitation zone 215 to the cavitation holes 33, 37. Regulation of the engine speed depending on the physical characteristics of the fluid at any given temperature or other variable parameter, it maintains the distance from the zones 205 of the funnel to the cavitation holes 33, 37 for the purpose of non-destructive cavitation. Optimization of the cavitation process for the fluid being processed will be provided by an optional control panel 302 by monitoring the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet sensors 307 of the cavitation device 10. In addition, to improve system performance for certain applications, such as cleaning, can be installed control valves 306 with bypass 308. The heated fluid can be used in any known application where heated fluid is used.

The invention is based on the realization that the purpose of creating a cavitation device for heating a fluid, devoid of the known problems of a cavitation heating device of the prior art, can be achieved due to the presence in the zone or chambers 17 and 25 of a limiting shape or obstacle containing a sawtooth shape 35, guide buffers 203 and reflective buffers 204 between the outer surface 13 of the rotating outer rotor and the inner surface 15 of the housing 9, and the same limitation or obstruction in the form of a sawtooth shape 31, guide buffers 201 and reflective buffers 202 between the outer surface 21 of the rotor head and the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor. Due to this structure, the inner surface 15 of the housing 9 and the inner surface 23 of the outer rotor 5 can continuously explode the vacuum bubbles. By providing the design of the spiral surfaces 15 and 23, the guide buffers 201 and 203, the reflective buffers 202 and 204, which shape the funnel of the liquid to be heated, surrounding the vacuum bubbles in the holes in the explosion, cavitation noise can be reduced, and others can be reduced or eliminated. harmful effects of cavitation, such as erosion of components, etc.

It should be understood that a significant difference from the Fabian design is that the dual chamber or zone design shown in FIG. 1-10 can be modified to have a single chamber design and still function to all the benefits with a single drive motor. Thus, the rotor head 6 can be made without cavitation holes and only act as a channel for supplying liquid to the zone 17 between the housing 9 and the outer rotor 5. In another embodiment, the rotor head 6 can be dispensed with so that heating of the liquid will be achieved interaction only between the outer rotor 5 with cavitation holes 37, the housing 9 with its specially configured inner surface 15 and the proper inlet and outlet openings. This adaptation of the invention enables application configurations of several sizes with different motor sizes that can be tailored to the cavitation device 10 to provide energy efficiency in the required application.

Although the single chamber device provides heated fluid, avoiding many of the cavitation problems associated with prior art devices, it is preferable to use the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1-10, in which an external rotor with a fixed rotor head 19 is installed, the outer surface of which is equipped with additional cavitation holes 33. This configuration, in combination with the corresponding system components, allows the rotary pump to produce heat energy with a significantly increased utilization of energy consumption, while overcoming traditional problems with previous systems such as acoustic sound waves (noise), bearing failures and energy losses due to high outlet pressure.

The present invention relates to the release of thermal energy for use in the supply of a fluid for heating, or in cooling systems, purification and separation of the fluid, as well as in heat treatment, which requires heat to perform. In addition, the invention allows energy to be released through the cavitation process with less energy consumption than traditional boiler or furnace systems, and significantly reduces energy costs and installation of a cleaning system with similar capabilities. Balanced internal fixed rotor 19, external rotor 5, sawtooth shapes 31 and 35, guide buffers 201 and 203, reflective buffers 202 and 204, combined housing 9 and cover 27 provide unique physical characteristics for generating heat with an increased coefficient of energy efficiency while maintaining thermal characteristics.

The present invention incorporates these unique characteristics of the components in such a way that the fluid that is generated by the heat is retained for extended periods of time and therefore requires fewer power cycles.

The present invention is unique in that the multistage cavitation process is initially performed with the main cavitation rotor head, which is stationary, with the outer rotor acting as a centrifugal source for the initial process and the second stage cavitation element. Both the outer rotor and the rotor housing have sawtooth shapes to enhance the cavitation process. This allows the system to maximize the energy released during the cavitation process while maintaining a low outlet pressure to eliminate energy loss through the fluid to gaseous state. The configuration according to the present invention is such that the noise normally associated with the cavitation process is minimized and controlled.

As explained above, the helical configuration of surfaces 15 and 23 together with guide buffers 201 and 203, deflection buffers 202 and 204 are important features of the invention. This configuration allows the creation and growth of vacuum bubbles in holes 33 and 37. Vacuum bubbles are formed among the molecules in holes 33 and 37 and are surrounded by the fluid to be heated. When the bubbles reach the cavitation holes 33 and 37, they do not actually explode, but collapse.

In accordance with the method, an outer rotor 5 is placed in the housing 9, which rotates with the help of the drive motor 1. During rotation, the fluid to be heated is introduced into the housing 9 through the inlet 29. Among the liquid molecules in the holes 33 of the rotor head 6, if any, and in the holes 37 of the outer rotor 5, by means of rotation, constantly growing vacuum bubbles are continuously created. After the vacuum bubbles reach the cavitation stage 31 or 35, they are destroyed. Otherwise, the fluid to be heated continuously flows through chambers 25 and 17, the vacuum bubbles being destroyed in the expanding fluid after passing through the zones 205 of the funnel. When destroyed, liquid molecules moving in opposite directions explode. The heat generated during the explosion is absorbed by the surrounding liquid and the heated liquid is ultimately recovered through outlet 41.

The advantage of the cavitation device in accordance with the invention is to successfully eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of the cavitation phenomenon through the use of flow channels configured to heat the liquid and by using the equipment operation procedure.

Returning to the embodiments discussed above, in one embodiment, a single rotating cavitation body is used having holes therein, the holes being open to the outer surface of the cavitation body. This cavitation body rotates inside the body and interacts with the cavitation stage, which is located on the inner surface of the body. During this rotation, cavitation bubbles are formed in the holes of the rotating body. The bubbles eventually grow so much that they can no longer be confined to the holes and crash into the cavitation stage. This collision leads to an explosion of liquid molecules, which releases energy, which causes the water to heat up.

In another embodiment, there are two sets of holes, one on the outer surface of the rotating body and the other on the outer surface of a second stationary component within the rotating body. In this embodiment with a double set of holes, the cavitation stage or sawtooth shape for holes on the outside of the rotating body is located on the inner surface of the housing. The cavitation stage for holes on the outer surface of the stationary rotor head is located on the inner surface of the rotating body.

The configuration of the system according to the invention allows the cavitation device to produce thermal energy at a significantly increased utilization of the consumed energy, while overcoming the traditional problems of previous systems such as acoustic sound waves (noise), bearing failures and energy losses due to high outlet pressure. A system consisting of a control panel 302, a variable speed motor controller 301, a water hammer resilient discharge water reservoir 303, an inlet storage reservoir 304, and control valves 306 with a bypass 308 enhances the capabilities of the cavitation device 10.

The present invention mechanically generates heated water while reducing the energy consumption ratio by 30-70% (depending on the volume of fluid in the system) due to a balanced cavitation furnace.

Another feature of the invention is the ability of the device to increase the density of the fluid to be heated, such as water. Since it is known that less energy is required to heat denser water, increasing the density of the water helps to improve the efficiency of the fluid heating process.

A test was carried out to control the heating effect of the device according to the invention. The test included operating the cavitation device using different volumes of water to be heated, and monitoring the inlet water temperature, water flow volume, outlet water temperature of the cavitation device, temperature of the water supplied to the device, drive motor power, electricity consumption, power values, consumption of electrical energy and ambient temperature. The test showed high efficiency in terms of the amount of heat transferred to the water compared to the energy used to operate the device.

The invention as such has been described in the form of preferred embodiments which fulfill all, without exception, the objectives of the present invention as set forth above and provide a new and improved apparatus for heating a fluid by cavitation.

Of course, those skilled in the art can envisage various changes, modifications and alternative embodiments of the teachings of the present invention within its stated spirit and scope. It is intended that the invention be limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims (33)

1. A device for heating a liquid using cavitation, containing: a housing having an inlet for a liquid to be heated and an outlet for discharging the heated liquid from the housing; external rotor made with the possibility of fixing on the motor shaft and enclosing it in the housing and with the possibility of rotation inside the housing, and the outer rotor has a plurality of cavitation holes on its outer surface and is located inside the housing with the formation of a fluid heating zone between the outer surface of the outer rotor and the inner surface housing, which faces the outer surface of the outer rotor, wherein the inner surface of the housing facing the outer surface of the outer rotor containing holes has a plurality of laterally spaced first zones of the funnel extending circumferentially along this inner surface, each first zone of the funnel ending in a first outlet zone, each first zone of the funnel containing the first an inclined section, each first outlet zone is offset from the adjacent first outlet zone, and the fluid entering the housing is heated by interaction with the first zones of the funnel, the first inclined sections, holes in the outer rotor and by rotating the outer rotor. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a stationary rotor head, which is installed in the housing and has an outer surface facing the inner surface of the outer rotor, and the outer surface of the stationary rotor head and the inner surface of the outer rotor form a second zone of fluid cavitation, the outer surface of the stationary rotor head contains a plurality of cavitation holes, the inner surface of the outer rotor has a plurality of laterally spaced second zones of the funnel that run circumferentially along the inner surface of the outer rotor, with each second zone of the funnel ending in the second outlet zone, each second zone of the funnel contains a second inclined section, each second outlet zone is displaced relative to the adjacent second outlet zone, and the fluid entering the second zone of fluid cavitation is heated by interaction with the second zones of the funnel, second inclined sections, orifices pits in the rotor head and by rotating the outer rotor. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the cavitation device has a horizontal longitudinal axis, and each of the first outlet zones, when viewed in cross-section perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis, is at the 6 o'clock position in case of heating of the fluid and in the position at 3 or 9 hours in case of fluid cooling. 4. The device according to claim. 2, in which the cavitation device has a horizontal longitudinal axis, and each of the second outlet zones, when viewed in cross-section perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis, is at the 6 o'clock position in case of heating of the fluid and in the position on 3 or 9 hours in case of fluid cooling. 5. The device according to claim. 1, in which the first zone of the funnel at the first outlet zone on the inner surface of the housing has a face formed at right angles to the inner surface. 6. The device according to claim. 2, in which each of the first zones of the funnel at each first outlet zone on the inner surface of the body has a face formed at right angles to the inner surface of the body, and each of the second zones of the funnel at every second outlet zone on the inner surface the outer rotor has a face formed at a generally right angle to the inner surface of the outer rotor. 7. The system of the cavitation device, containing: a) a device according to claim 1, b) an inlet storage tank communicating with an inlet to the housing, c) a water hammer-resistant reservoir for discharging water, communicating with the outlet of the housing, d) a motor having a motor shaft and an outer rotor mounted on the motor shaft, e) an engine controller for controlling the engine speed, f) temperature sensors to monitor incoming and outgoing fluid to the device, and g) a bypass pipe between the inlet of the incoming water reservoir and the outlet of the water hammer resistant reservoir for the outlet water. 8. The system of claim. 7, in which the outer rotor is mounted on the motor shaft in a cantilever configuration so that the device has no internal bearings. 9. A method for thermally changing a fluid using cavitation, which includes the steps: a) provision of the device according to claim 1, b) introducing fluid into the inlet, c) rotating the outer rotor to heat the fluid using a variable speed to improve the alignment of the bubbles with the cavitation holes, and d) discharging the thermally modified fluid from the outlet. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the fluid is water. 11. A method for thermally changing a fluid using cavitation, which includes the steps: a) provision of the device according to claim 2, b) introducing fluid into the inlet, c) rotating the outer rotor to heat the fluid using a variable speed to improve the alignment of the bubbles with the cavitation holes, and d) discharging the thermally modified fluid from the outlet. e) the management system of clause 7. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluid is water. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the fluid is purified. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluid is purified.

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