RU2553725C1 - Steam-gas unit based on nuclear power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: steam-gas unit on the basis of nuclear power plant (NPP) is fitted with the gas-steam heat exchanger connected by the heating side to the path of exhaust gases from the gas turbine, and by the heated side - to the steam line between cylinders of the steam turbine parallel to the second step of the steam-steam superheater, by the starting standby boiler room located downstream the gas-water heater and connected at the inlet by the heating side with the exhaust gas pipeline, and downstream - with the pre-heater of chemically cleaned water, on the heated side upstream - with the heater of chemically cleaned water, downstream - with the satellite turbine. The satellite turbine upstream is connected to the starting standby boiler room, and downstream - to the satellite turbine condenser. The unit of preparation of foreign steam comprising the steam electrolyser unit, oxygen storage, hydrogen storage, an oxygen compressing unit, a hydrogen compressing unit, a hydrogen and oxygen steam generator connected upstream with the steam withdrawal from the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and downstream - with the pipeline of steam withdrawal from the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine on the first step of the intermediate steam overheat and on the steam mixer which upstream is connected to the starting standby boiler room and the unit of preparation of foreign steam, and downstream - with the satellite turbine and the steam line substituting the steam withdrawal from the steam turbine, the heater of chemically cleaned water connected upstream by the heating side to the exhaust gas pipeline located downstream the starting standby boiler room, and downstream - with the chimney, and by the heated side upstream - with the pipeline of chemically cleaned water, downstream - from the starting standby boiler room.

EFFECT: increase of capacity and manoeuvrability of steam-gas unit.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, mainly to nuclear energy, and is intended for use in power complexes, including steam turbine plants of nuclear power plants (NPPs) of a double-circuit type with promising water-cooled power reactors cooled by supercritical pressure water (VVER-SKDI), the invention can be applied at the designed power complexes with power units of nuclear power plants with reactors of other types with, mainly, the basic nature of the operation of the reactor plants when necessary Mosti receipt therein of additional capacity, ensuring the adjustment range of growth and regulatory requirements for the primary frequency regulation projected power systems.

The invention seems relevant in the light of the energy strategy of the Russian Federation, aimed at further improving the efficiency and safety of nuclear power plants, on the one hand, and aimed at solving the problem of sufficient maneuverability to ensure the adjustment range in power systems with a high proportion of nuclear power plants, on the other.

A gas-vapor unit is known (see RF patent for the invention No. 2467179, IPC F01K 23/10, published on November 20, 2012) with a afterburning device (ДУ), where during the period of maximum electric load the exhaust gases of a gas turbine installation (GTU) replace two stages of intermediate overheating steam and regenerative high pressure heater. During a period of minimum electric load, the gas turbine is switched off and the nuclear power plant operates in nominal mode.

The disadvantage of this combined cycle plant is that the need to turn off the gas turbine reduces the efficiency of the combined cycle plant. Despite the high maneuverability, it takes time to start up and shut down a gas turbine and during idle periods, a gas turbine does not generate energy, reducing the weighted average KIUM of the entire energy complex.

Closest to the claimed solution is a combined-cycle plant based on nuclear power plants (see RF patent for invention No. 2489574, IPC F01K 23/10, F24H 7/00, publ. 08/10/2013) containing a steam turbine with high and low pressure cylinders connected between themselves with a steam line with a separator in series with it and a two-stage intermediate steam-steam superheater, a high pressure heater, a gas turbine unit equipped with at least one gas turbine, a combustion chamber and at least one compressor, is installed installed on the shaft of the gas turbine, a gas-water heat exchanger connected on the heating side to the exhaust path of the gas turbine, and on the heated side to the steam cycle feed water pipe and installed in series or parallel to the high-pressure heater, characterized in that it contains at least one storage tank, peak turbine, afterburning device, phase transition accumulator system, connected through gas at the inlet of the gas pipeline with the afterburning device, at the outlet of the gas pipeline with gas-water t heat exchanger, and steam at the inlet with connecting pipelines with a fresh steam steam pipeline, with a steam pipe after the separator, with a steam pipe after the first stage of a steam-steam superheater, through a hot water expander with a storage tank, and at the outlet with connecting pipes with a fresh steam steam pipe, with a steam pipe between the second a steam-steam superheater stage and a low-pressure cylinder, with a storage tank, with a peak turbine, an afterburning device at the inlet is connected to a gas exhaust gas pipeline turbines at the outlet with a phase transition accumulator system and is equipped with a bypass gas pipeline with shutoff valves.

The disadvantages of such an installation include a low depth of utilization of GTU flue gases. There is no backup system for heat recovery in the event of a shutdown of a steam turbine installation, which would allow the gas turbine unit to work in this case in an autonomous mode.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the installed capacity utilization factor (KIUM) of the NPP power unit and the entire power complex as a whole due to a deeper utilization of GTU flue gases and the provision of a reserve GTU heat recovery system when a strictly basic regime is allocated for a reactor installation while expanding the control range of the entire power plant , as well as increasing operational flexibility and maneuverability of a combined cycle gas turbine plant based on nuclear power plants and gas turbines with deep and variable scrap zatsiey gas turbine exhaust gases.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain additional power due to a deeper utilization of GTU flue gases, the use of a start-up reserve boiler room (PRK) as a recovery boiler (including in the case when the gas turbine is operating autonomously), the introduction of a third-party preparation unit couple. The maneuverability of a combined-cycle plant is ensured by introducing elements such as a gas-steam heater (GSP), a gas-water heater (GWP), a afterburner (ДУ), a steam mixer, an external steam preparation unit.

The task is achieved in that a combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants, comprising a steam turbine with high and low pressure cylinders, interconnected by a steam line with a separator in series with it and a two-stage intermediate steam-superheater, a high pressure heater, a gas turbine equipped with at least , one gas turbine, a combustion chamber and at least one compressor mounted on the shaft of the gas turbine, a gas-steam heater, are connected on the heating side to the exhaust gas path of the gas turbine, and on the heated side to the steam line between the steam turbine cylinders parallel to the second stage of the steam-steam superheater, a gas-water heater connected along the heating side to the exhaust gas path of the gas turbine after the gas-steam heater, and on the heated side to the feed pipe water of the steam cycle and installed parallel to the high-pressure heater, according to the technical solution contains at least a satellite turbine, afterburning e device at the inlet connected to the exhaust gas pipeline of a gas turbine, at the outlet, with a gas-steam heater and equipped with a bypass gas pipeline with shut-off valves, a starting backup boiler (PRK), connected at the inlet along the heating side to the exhaust gas pipeline, located behind the gas-water heater, and at the exit - with a heater of chemically purified water (HOV), on the heated side at the entrance - with a heater of HOV, at the exit with a satellite turbine, a third-party steam preparation unit, including steam electrolysis, store O _2, H ₂ storage kompremator O ₂ kompremator H _2, H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator is connected at its input to steam extraction from the CVP of the steam turbine and the outlet from the duct steam extraction from CVP steam turbine at a first stage of intermediate superheating of the steam and to the steam mixer, the steam mixer, at the inlet connected to the PRK, and a third-party steam preparation unit, and at the outlet, with a satellite turbine and a steam pipe replacing the selection of steam from the steam turbine, an HOV heater at the inlet along the heating side connected to gas pipeline exhaust gases disposed of PRK and on an output - with a chimney, being heated on the inlet side - with a conduit HOV, the output - with PPH.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing: figure 1 - diagram of a combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - high pressure cylinder (CVP); 2 - low pressure cylinder (LPC); 3-separator; 4 - two-stage steam-steam superheater; 5 - afterburning device (DU); 6 - compressor; 7 - a combustion chamber; 8 - gas turbine (GT); 9 - an electric generator of a gas turbine; 10 - gas-steam heater (GLP); 11 - gas-water heater (GWP); 12 - high pressure heater (LDPE); 13 - satellite turbine; 14 - an electric generator of a satellite turbine; 15 - electric generator of a steam turbine; 16 - start-up boiler room (PRK); 17 - a chemically purified water heater (HOV heater); 18 - site preparation of third-party steam; 19 - steam electrolysis cell; 20 - oxygen storage (O ₂ storage); 21 - hydrogen storage (storage of H ₂ ); 22 - kompremator oxygen (O ₂ kompremator); 23 - a hydrogen compressor (H ₂ compressor), 24 - a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator (H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator); 25 - control of residual hydrogen; 26 - hydrogen afterburner (afterburner H ₂ ); 27 - steam mixer; 28 - exhaust gas pipeline of a gas turbine; 29, 31 - bypass gas pipeline; 30 - a gas pipeline between the remote control and the gas compressor station; 32 - gas pipeline between the GPP and GWP; 33 - gas pipeline between the GPP and PRK; 34 - gas pipeline between the main water supply and PRK; 35 - gas pipeline between the PRK and the chemically purified water heater; 36 - gas pipeline of GTU exhaust gases to the chimney; 37 - pipeline to the heater of chemically purified water; 38 - pipeline between the heater of chemically purified water and PRK; 39 - steam line between the PRK and the satellite turbine; 40 - steam line between the PRK and the steam mixer; 41 - steam line between the steam mixer and satellite turbine; 42 - steam pipe to replace the withdrawals of a steam turbine; 43 - steam line to the condenser of the satellite turbine; 44 - steam pipe of fresh steam from the steam generator; 45 - steam pipe of fresh steam to the high pressure cylinder; 46 - steam pipe of fresh steam to the second stage of intermediate overheating; 47 - steam pipe selected steam to the first stage of intermediate overheating; 48 - selection of steam of a steam turbine; 49 - steam line between the high and low pressure cylinders; 50 - steam pipe to the GPP, 51 - steam pipe from the GPP; 52 - steam pipe to the main condenser; 53 - exhaust steam pipe after the second stage of intermediate overheating; 54 - steam line between the selection of steam from a steam turbine and a high pressure heater; 55 - pipeline between the selection of steam from a steam turbine and H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator; 56, 57 - feedwater pipeline; 58 - steam line to the main water heater, 59 - steam line to the water main; 60 - steam line between the H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator and the steam electrolytic cell; 61, 62 - pipelines of electrolysis products; 63, 64 - pipelines of storages of electrolysis products; 65 - steam pipe from the H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator, aimed at replacing the selection of steam at the first stage of intermediate overheating; 66 - steam line between the H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator and the residual hydrogen control system; 67 - steam line between the residual hydrogen control system and the steam mixer.

A combined cycle plant based on a nuclear power plant includes a compressor 6 connected to a combustion chamber 7, which in turn is connected to a gas turbine 8, an electric generator of a gas turbine 9 located on the same shaft with a gas turbine and a compressor, an afterburner 5 connected to the gas turbine 28 and equipped with a bypass gas pipe 29, a gas-steam heater 10, equipped with a bypass gas pipe 31 and connected by gas at the inlet to the remote control of the gas pipe 30, at the outlet - with a water supply pipe 11 with a gas pipe 32, and a couple at the inlet is connected by a steam pipe 50 to a steam pipe 49 between the first and second by steps of the steam-steam superheater, at the output, by the steam pipe 51 with steam pipe 49 behind the second stage of the steam-steam superheater, GWP 11, equipped with a bypass gas pipe 33 and connected through gas at the inlet to the gas pipeline 32 with the GPP, and at the output to the gas pipeline 34 with the PRK, and through water inlet - pipe 58 with feed water pipe 56 in front of the LDPE 12, at the outlet - pipe 59 with feed water pipe 57 after the LDPE, PRK 16, connected through gas at the inlet to gas pipeline 34 with hot water supply 11, and at the outlet - to gas pipe 35 with HOV 17 heater , water inlet - pipe a wire 38 with a HOV 17 heater, and at the outlet, pipelines 39 and 40 with a satellite turbine 13 and a steam mixer 27, respectively, a satellite turbine 13 located on the same shaft as the electric generator of the satellite turbine 14 and connected at the inlet by steam lines 39 and 41 with a PRK and a mixer steam, respectively, and at the exit with a steam line 43 with a condenser of a satellite turbine, an XOV 17 heater connected through gas at the inlet to the gas pipeline 35 with PRK 16, at the gas outlet 36 with a chimney, through water at the inlet with the HOV 37 pipeline, at the outlet the pipeline m 38 with PRK 16, CVP of steam turbine 1, connected at the inlet by the steam line 45 with the fresh steam line from the steam generator 44, at the output - by the steam line 49 with the separator 3 connected in series and a two-stage steam-superheater 4, the first stage of the steam-superheater connected in a heating medium to the inlet by a steam line 47 with CVP 1, through a heated medium - with a steam line 49 between the separator 3 and the second stage of the steam-steam superheater 4, the second stage of the steam-steam superheater 4 connected in a heating medium at the inlet of the steam pipe 46 with pa fresh steam piping from the steam generator 44, at the outlet - steam piping 53 with LDPE 12, on a heated medium - with steam piping 49 between the first stage of the steam-superheater and low pressure cylinder 2, low pressure cylinder 2, connected at the inlet by the steam pipe 49 with CVP 1 and sequentially located separator 3 and two-stage steam superheater, at the outlet with the main condenser, a steam turbine generator 15 located on the same shaft with CVP1 and TsND2, PVD 12 connected in a heating medium at the inlet by steam pipe 54 with a steam selection pipe for steam turbine 48 from CVP1 and steam rovodom 53 with the second stage paroparovogo superheater for heating medium - with conduits feedwater 56 and 57, preparation unit sided vapor 18 comprising steam electrolysis 19, storage O _{February 20,} repository H _{February 21,} kompremator O _{February 22,} kompremator H ₂ 23, H ₂ / O _{2 a} steam generator 24 connected at the inlet by a steam line 55 with a selection of steam 48 from the HPC of the steam turbine, at the output - by the steam lines 65 and 66 with a pipe 47 of the selection of steam from the HPP of the steam turbine to the first stage of intermediate steam overheating and a control system residual hydrogen consisting of a residual hydrogen control device 25 and an afterburner H ₂ 26, respectively, a H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator 24 connected via a heating medium at the inlet to the O ₂ 22 and the H ₂ 23 compressor, and at the outlet, the steam lines 65 and 66 with a selection pipe 47 steam from the CVP of a steam turbine to the first stage of intermediate steam overheating and a residual hydrogen control system, via a heated medium at the inlet - steam line 55 with a selection of steam 48 from the CVP of a steam turbine, at the output - steam line 60 with a steam electrolysis 19, steam electrolyser 19, connected to inlet by a steam line 60 with H ₂ / O _{2 by a} steam generator 24, at the outlet - by pipelines of electrolysis products 61 and 62 with a H ₂ 23 compressor and a O ₂ 22 compressor, respectively, O ₂ storage, connected by a pipe 63 to a pipe 62, H ₂ 21 storage, connected by conduit 64 to conduit 61, a steam mixer 27 connected at the inlet by the steam lines 40 and 67 to the PRK 16 and the residual hydrogen control system, consisting of a residual hydrogen control device 25 and afterburner H ₂ 26, respectively, at the outlet - by the steam lines 41 and 42 with the satellite turbine and pa oprovodom turbine extraction steam to replace it.

The inventive device operates as follows.

A combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants with the utilization of GT exhaust gases by displacement of steam heating LDPE and (or) SPP has high flexibility and variable inter-element communication in operation. In this case, due to variations in the combination scheme, the optimal time regime for covering a variable load is achieved. The plant is capable of unloading, operating in nominal mode and with increased power, as well as in load tracking modes, ensuring a consistently high load on a nuclear power unit.

During a period of decline and rise in electric load, a combined cycle gas turbine plant based on a nuclear power plant can operate in the following ways (A, B, C):

Method A. The steam turbine of the combined installation on the basis of nuclear power plants operates at reduced power, for which a part of the steam is taken from the CVP of the turbine through the steam line 55 to generate hydrogen and oxygen in the high-temperature steam electrolyzer in the unit for the preparation of external steam 18 and store H ₂ and O ₂ in storage 20 and 21. Intermediate superheating of the steam between the high pressure cylinders 1 and low pressure 2 of the steam turbine is carried out in this mode by regular selection, that is, in a two-stage steam-steam superheater 4 with steam from the selection of CVP 1, supplied by steam line 47, and fresh steam from the steam entering via line 46. The working fluid losses in the steam turbine cycle to the desired balanced mode values predetermined fill demineralized water.

The gas turbine unit is operating during this period in nominal mode. The exhaust gases of the gas turbine through the bypass pipelines 29, 31 and 33 go directly to the canned and working start-up boiler room 16 and then to the chemically purified water heater 17. The satellite turbine 13, which receives steam from the start-up boiler room 16, operates in nominal mode. The gas-steam heater 10, the gas-water heater 11, the steam mixer 27 and the afterburner 5 are turned off. Part of the energy generated by CCGT plants on the basis of nuclear power plants and gas turbines is spent on the production of hydrogen and oxygen in a highly efficient steam electrolyzer.

Method B. With an increase in the electric load, the NPPs are transferred to the nominal mode, the gas-steam heater 10, the gas-water heater 11 and the afterburning device 5 are turned on. The exhaust gases are supplied through the gas pipeline 28 to the afterburning device 5, where the gases are heated to the temperature required for utilization, then through gas pipeline 30 to a gas-steam heater 10, then through gas pipeline 32 to a gas-water heater 11, through gas pipeline 34 to a PRK 16 and then through gas pipeline 35 to a heater of chemically purified water 17, after four of exhaust gases directed into the chimney via the pipeline 36. Fresh steam through the steam line 45 completely enters the CVP turbine stop valve 46 in the steam line is closed. The steam from the selection of CVP 48 through the steam line 55 enters the unit for the preparation of third-party steam 18 for generation in the electrolyzer and storage of hydrogen and oxygen. The satellite turbine 13, which receives steam from the start-up boiler room 16, operates in nominal mode. Steam mixer 27 is turned off.

Method B. In the daytime hours of the graph of electric load, the additional power of a combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants is generated in the following way.

The gas turbine unit operates in nominal mode. Exhaust gases are supplied through a gas pipeline 28 to the afterburner 5, where the gases are heated to the temperature required for utilization, then through a gas pipeline 30 to a gas-steam heater 10, then through a gas pipeline 32 to a gas-water heater 11, through a gas pipeline 34 to a PRK 16 and then through the gas pipeline 35 - to the heater of chemically purified water 17, after which the off-gas is sent to the chimney through the gas pipeline 36. Fresh steam through the steam pipe 45 is completely supplied to the turbine HPC, the shutoff valves on the steam pipe 46 are closed. Steam is not taken from the turbine HPC along the steam line 48; shut-off valves are closed. From the storages of hydrogen 21 and oxygen 20, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the compressors 23 and 22 through pipelines 64 and 63, respectively, after which H ₂ and O ₂ are supplied to the H ₂ / O ₂ steam generator 24. The resulting steam is supplied through the steam line 66 to the concentration control system residual hydrogen 25 and 26, where excess hydrogen is burned up based on safety requirements, after which steam passes through pipeline 67 to the steam mixer 27. Steam from the PRK 16 is supplied through steam pipe 40 to the steam mixer 27, from which the obtained steam of the required parameters is partially supplied to the satellite the turbine 13, and partially to replace the high-pressure cylinder offsets to increase the power of the steam turbine. The location of the valves and their control allows you to continuously utilize the exhaust gases of a gas turbine installation, maintain their temperature in different sections according to the required program and carry out step-by-step coverage of the peaks of the electric load graph.

The above methods of operation of a combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants can be used without restrictions on their combinations in night dips and day peaks, as well as to cover weekly and seasonal irregularities. The proposed combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants allows you to:

1. To reduce the power of the combined cycle plant during the period of the minimum schedule of the electrical load while maintaining a high installed capacity utilization factor (KIUM) of the entire energy complex at the rated thermal power of the reactor installation;

2. To ensure the generation of additional peak power with high efficiency of turbine installations of nuclear power plants and gas turbines, which is due to: deep utilization of gas turbine exhaust gas, additional work of replaced heating selective steam flows in the steam turbine of the nuclear power plant, as well as the inclusion of a satellite turbine;

3. To provide high KIUM with at the same time high efficiency and adjustment range of the whole combined cycle plant based on nuclear power plants and gas turbines;

4. To increase the reliability of power supply for own needs due to additional autonomous power supply of responsible consumers from gas turbine generators and satellite turbine.

5. Raise the safety of hydrogen superstructure due to distant location and layout of the integrated assembly preparation party pair (SOP) (electrolyzers, H ₂ / O ₂ steam generators, storage and H ₂ O _2, komprematory H ₂ and O _2). On the territory of the SPSP, hydrogen pipelines and rooms with H _{2 are} controlled by not exceeding the maximum concentrations of hydrogen.

6. To increase the economic attractiveness of the project due to the absence of the need to shut down gas turbines due to the use of a gas turbine as a backup exhaust gas gas turbine exhaust gas heater to heat the exhaust gas during periods when the gas turbine autonomous operation is predetermined when the steam turbine part is shut down.

Claims (1)

A combined cycle plant based on a nuclear power plant, comprising a steam turbine with high and low pressure cylinders, interconnected by a steam line with a separator in series with it and a two-stage intermediate steam-steam superheater, a high pressure heater, a gas turbine unit equipped with at least one gas turbine, a combustion chamber and at least one compressor mounted on the shaft of the gas turbine, a gas-water heater connected on the heating side to the exhaust the basics of the gas turbine, and through the heated one to the steam cycle feed water pipe, and installed parallel to the high-pressure heater, and the afterburner, which is connected at the inlet to the exhaust gas pipeline of the gas turbine, and at the outlet to the gas-steam heater, and is equipped with a bypass gas pipeline with shutoff valves, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a gas-steam heat exchanger connected on the heating side to the exhaust gas path of the gas turbine, and on the heated side to the steam line between at the cylinders of the steam turbine parallel to the second stage of the steam-superheater, the starting backup boiler, located behind the gas-water heater and connected at the inlet on the heating side to the exhaust gas pipeline, and at the outlet - with a chemically purified water heater, on the heated side at the inlet - with a chemically purified heater water, and at the exit - with a satellite turbine, which at the inlet is connected to the starting backup boiler, and at the exit - with the condenser of the satellite turbine, steam mixer, subassembly preparation of third-party steam, including steam electrolyser, oxygen storage, hydrogen storage, oxygen compressor, hydrogen compressor, hydrogen-oxygen steam generator, connected at the inlet to the extraction of steam from the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and at the exit to the pipeline for the extraction of steam from the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to the first stage of the intermediate steam overheating and to the steam mixer, which is connected at the input to the starting backup boiler and the third-party steam preparation unit, and at the output, to the satellite a turbine and a steam line that replaces the extraction of steam from the steam turbine, and a chemically purified water heater that is connected at the inlet along the heating side to the exhaust gas pipeline located behind the starting backup boiler, and at the outlet to the chimney, and on the heated side at the inlet - with a pipeline of chemically treated water, at the outlet - with a starting backup boiler room.