RU2551752C1 - Device for axle centre bores resetting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device is intended for rolling stock mounted axles. Device case accommodate drive of rotation, feed and cam chuck with spindle sliding therein and provided with cutting tool fixed thereat. Self-aligning cam chuck can be fixed at recovering axle journal or on fastening cover locating surface.

EFFECT: enhanced performances, better manufacturability.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to portable metal-cutting devices and relates to devices for restoring, in particular, calibrating, openings in the axles of railway wheelsets during their repair and forming in a depot, current uncoupling repair and car-wheel workshops.

In the practice of repairing wheelsets, the restoration of the center holes of the axles is often done manually using a standard locksmith tool (rotary drill, drill), “tucked” with an axial direction cutting tool, for example, a countersink, “on weight”, without proper basing. An example is a device containing a special sleeve that is worn on the axis of the wheelset and fixed by a lamb. Through the center of the sleeve passes a movable countersink, which is inserted into the center hole of the axis. The shank of the vertical drill is fixed in the pneumatic drill chuck (Information card No. 63199 DOP of 12/20/2008, “Device for restoring holes for centering the axles of wheel sets RU1Sh. Moscow Center for Scientific and Technical Information and Libraries, Moscow, publ. 2009).

Such technology is subject to the influence of subjective factors, has increased risks to aggravate violations of the size and shape of the holes, and is inefficient.

A device for restoring a center hole based on a lunette aggregated with a lathe (Instructions for the inspection, inspection, repair and formation of wagon wheelsets: CV-3429 / USSR Ministry of Railways, Moscow: Transport, 1977). The lunette contains a case, a gripper, a horizontal quill, a lower support, a stop and is interfaced with a lathe, for example, model 1M63. A bracket with shoes mounted opposite the limiter has side supports mounted on the pintles.

In this case, the lunette performs the function of a basing means for restoring the center hole. The function of the feed mechanism is provided by a longitudinal caliper, deployed at an angle of 30 ° and activated by a person. The cutting tool is made in the form of a boring tool fixed in this caliper. The rotation drive of the restored axis is the rotation drive of the three-jaw chuck (from the front headstock).

The disadvantages of this device are as follows. The operation of restoring the axle bore is carried out by performing more technological transitions on complex and bulky equipment with the use of hoisting-and-transport devices, and the components of this equipment require preliminary preparation and adjustment. Thus, the use of installation - analogue leads to significant costs of working time and effort, unjustified capital investments. All this indicates a low technological effectiveness. In addition, the design of this device does not have universality in application, since it does not provide restoration of the center hole in the axis without dismantling the axle boxes, which indicates its limited functional capabilities.

A device for drilling annular holes, comprising a housing, a rotation drive, a spindle, a drill fixed to the spindle and means for fixing the device to the object in the form of a lead screw with an expanding tip (certificate for utility model RU No. 3406, IPC B23B 45/14, publ. 16.01 .1997).

However, such a device does not allow with a sufficient degree of accuracy to restore the center holes of the axles in the wheelsets with and without axle boxes.

There is also known a device for calibrating the center hole of the axles, mainly wheel sets (patent for utility model RU No. 33054, IPC B23B 45/14, publ. 10.10.2003), adopted as a prototype. The essence of this device lies in the fact that the means of mounting it on the axis is made in the form of a cam cartridge mounted for rotation on the axis, the cutting tool is mounted in pins, the latter is fixed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the cartridge case. Studs interact with the axis being machined by means of pairs of bearings mounted on them. Each pin is fixed at one end in the cam of the cartridge, and the other interacts with a threaded coupler consisting of a threaded sleeve with a right and left thread and pairs of other studs installed in it with the corresponding thread direction. A stud in the specified pair, mounted on the opposite end of the coupler, is fixed in the cam of the cartridge. The latter serves here as a means of fixing the entire device on the axis.

However, the design of the prototype device cannot provide, as well as the analog device, the restoration or calibration of the center hole in the axis without dismantling the axle boxes, which indicates its limited functionality. In addition, an analysis of the calibration process implemented by this device shows its low manufacturability. For example, to center the cutting tool with the help of studs and threaded screeds, the lengths of three to four screeds can be adjusted, which can obviously be done by sorting the latter, however, such an algorithm carries significant uncertainty. A means of monitoring the achievement of a certain level of alignment in the prototype device is missing, which limits the ability to achieve increased calibration accuracy. Improving accuracy can occur due to angular and linear deformations of the body with the chuck and, ultimately, corresponding changes in the position of the cutting tool, which requires the application of large spacer forces in the screeds, increasing the cross sections of their elements. In addition, the device has a fairly complex kinematic scheme and a large number of bearings (more than ten). All this leads to the conclusion that the expected increase in accuracy in this device will not happen.

Technological center openings of the axle of the wheelset are used to center the wheelsets when turning the wheels along the surface of the wheel, as well as the access parts of the axles in the free state to the specified size. The main dimensions of the holes, their configuration and the cleanliness of the treatment of internal surfaces must meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation. For example, according to Appendix No. 8 to the aforementioned Instruction CV / 3429, the permissible radial runout of the neck of the axle of the wheelset should not exceed 0.3 mm. Otherwise, the alignment is violated, unacceptable beats occur, the dimensions and shapes of the machined parts are outside the tolerances. The reasons for the violation of dimensional parameters and surface quality of the center holes in the depot and VKM are numerous, they are known. So, for example, during mechanical action of the centers of cogwheel or wheel turning machines, the center hole is damaged, which leads to a distortion in the shape of the center hole, and, as a result, the radial runout of the axis neck can exceed the permissible limits. During an intermediate revision, turning on a wheel-turning lathe of a pair of wheels with a damaged center hole can lead to an eccentricity of the skating circle relative to the neck or the approach part of the axis exceeding 1 mm. It is important that the non-elimination of their consequences can lead to forced rejection of wheel sets and axles from the production cycle.

Particularly attention is paid to the issue of ultrasonic sounding of the axles of free and assembled with wheel pairs by placing conical piezoelectric transducers in the center holes. Currently, there is a regular multi-stage technology, for example, according to RD 07.09-97. It is time-consuming, time-consuming to conduct control. The entire volume of ultrasonic axis control prescribed by RD 07.09-97 can be performed using conical transducers with one setting in the center holes, which dramatically increases the control performance without compromising quality. However, such a promising technology encounters damage to the internal surfaces of the center holes in operation and repair of rolling stock of railways and, as a result, loss of acoustic contact and the reduction of this advantage to zero.

Thus, the urgent task of restoring, in particular, calibrating, damaged center holes of the axles of the wheelsets of railway rolling stock.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to expand the functionality and improve the manufacturability of the device.

This result is achieved by the fact that the device for restoring the center hole of the axles, mainly of the wheelsets of the rolling stock, comprises a housing on which a cam chuck, rotational and spindle feed drives are mounted. The spindle is mounted movably inside the cam chuck; a cutting tool is fixed at its end.

The cam cartridge has the ability to fix directly on the cylindrical surface of the support unit of the wheelset, namely on the surface of the neck axis of the wheelset or on the landing surface for the mounting cover in the box housing of the axle unit of the wheelset.

The housing is made in the form of a faceplate, equipped with a centering sleeve on one side, on the outer surface of which a cam chuck is planted with its hole, and on the other hand, rolling rods fixed to it perpendicularly, the free ends of which are joined by the shelf in the same way.

The spindle of the device is made integral and includes a working part and an intermediate part articulated between each other by a coupling.

The rotation drive is made in the form of an engine with a worm gear, the housing of which is mounted on a movable platform with the possibility of moving the latter along the guide rolling pin between the faceplate and the said shelf, and the gear wheel of the gear is pressed onto the intermediate part of the spindle.

The feed drive is made in the form of a lead screw with a handle, coupled with a nut fixed in the center of the shelf, while the tip of the lead screw is made sphere-like and placed in the end hole of the spindle intermediate part, closed by a cover.

The cam cartridge is made self-centering, its jaws are equipped with copper inserts with the possibility of the interaction of their working faces with the surface of the axle neck or a seating surface for the fastening cover in the axle box housing.

All bearing units of the device are made on roller bearings of the articulated type.

The proposed device compares favorably with analogues and prototype in the following:

- expanded the functionality of the device and thereby increased its versatility;

- its reliable fastening and high-quality basing of the cutting tool were achieved, mechanization of the restoration process was ensured, and the technological cycle was simplified;

- the formation of a center hole with sufficient roundness and cleanliness of the surface creates the prospect of introducing a more efficient, new technology for ultrasonic testing of all types of axles of wheelsets, especially in the conditions of an intermediate revision, current uncoupling repair and VKM based on the use of conical piezoelectric transducers.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed device for the case of restoring the center hole in the axis of the wheelset with “bare” necks (axle box and inner rings of roller bearings are removed); FIG. 2 - the same, but for the axle assembly with axle boxes with the mounting covers removed.

A device for restoring the center hole of the axis of the wheelset is made with the possibility of fixing on the support node of the wheelsets in the form of the neck of the axis 1 (Fig. 1) or axle box 2 (Fig. 2).

The device comprises a housing 3 with a three-jaw chuck 4 mounted on it. In the housing 3, a spindle 5 with a cutting tool 6, for example a countersink, is longitudinally moved, and rotation drives 7 and a longitudinal feed 8 are mounted.

The housing 3 is made in the form of a faceplate 9, equipped on one side with a centering sleeve 10, and on the other hand, guide rolling rods 11, which are attached to the faceplate 9 perpendicularly at points located symmetrically on its surface, the free ends of the rolling rods 11 are joined in the same way by a shelf 12.

Three-jaw chuck 4 with its hole 13 is pressed onto the centering sleeve 10 and is additionally connected to the faceplate 9 with screws (not indicated). It is known that only three-jaw cartridges among all used have the ability to self-center. In this case, possible axial beats can be eliminated with high accuracy (up to 5 ... 10 microns) by preliminary boring and grinding of both internal and external faces of the cams. Such a choice of type and the technological preparation of the cartridge allow the use of a three-jaw cartridge initially not only as a means of fastening the device as a whole, but also as a means of basing it on the support unit of the wheelset - the neck of the axis 1 or axlebox 2. In addition, the jaws of the cartridge 4 are equipped with inserts 14 of copper with the possibility of interaction of their working faces with surfaces 15 and 16, respectively, of the neck of the axis 1 and the bore for the fastening cover in the axle box body 2.

The spindle 5 has a composite structure: the working part 17 and the intermediate part 18, interconnected by the coupling 19. This coupling, while transmitting both longitudinal forces and torques, compensates for the angular and longitudinal misalignment caused by the rigidity of the structure and defects in its assembly. Analysis of the proposed device design showed that angular misalignment is units of degrees. The design solutions of the coupling 19 are numerous, they are typical and therefore not described in the description.

On the working part 17 of the spindle 5, located in the Central hole 20 of the faceplate 9, close to the fillets, the inner rings of the bearings 21 are pressed, the outer rings of which are seated in the sleeve 22 and locked with rings (not marked). The sleeve 22 is mounted on a sliding fit in the hole 20 with the joint of the faceplate 9 and the sleeve 22 with a keyed connection consisting of a guide key 23 and a corresponding groove 24. The length of the keyway 24 is limited by a step (on the left in Figs. 1, 2) in order to prevent the spindle from falling out 5 from the sleeve 22 at the end of the stroke of the cutting tool 6.

The rotation drive 7 is made on the basis of a worm gear 25, the worm 26 of which is connected to an electric motor (not shown conditionally). The gear wheel 27 of the worm gear is pressed onto the intermediate part 18 of the spindle 5. The gear housing 25, located between the faceplate 9 and the shelf 12, is mounted on a movable platform 28 through which guide rods 11 are passed on a sliding fit.

The feed drive 8 contains a lead screw 29 with a handle (not indicated) and a sphere-shaped tip 30, conjugated with a nut 31 fixed in the center of the shelf 12. To connect the lead screw with the spindle intermediate part 18 at the end of the latter, a hole 32 is made with a cover 33, into which with a possibility of sliding contact with the walls, a tip 30 is placed. This eliminates the angular misalignment of the lead screw 29 and spindle 5, as well as the possibility of transmitting longitudinal forces from the lead screw to the spindle, but without transmitting torque.

All bearing units in drives 7 and 8 are made on articulated-type rolling bearings. This allows you to ensure long-term performance of the proposed device at low spindle speeds and significant torques to overcome the cutting forces when restoring the center hole.

The device operates as follows.

The housing 3 of the device is installed on the support node - the neck of the axis 1 (Fig. 1) or in the axle box body 2 (Fig. 2). By turning the standard socket wrench with the subsequent movement of all the cams of the cartridge 4, the device is fixed on the surface of the neck of the axis 1 or the inner bore in the axle box body and thereby center the position of the cutting tool 6.

In this initial position, the spindle 29, the spindle 5 with the cutting tool 6 and the platform 28 with the gear 25 are allotted to the right in FIG. 1, 2 position. When this guide key 23 is located in the right end of the groove 24 of the sleeve 22. The electric motor (not shown conventionally) of the rotation drive 7 is disabled.

By pressing the start button (not shown in the drawing), the electric motor, the worm 26, the gear wheel 27, the spindle 5 and the cutting tool 6 in the form of a countersink are rotated. Holding the start button pressed, turn the handle of the screw 29, which, making longitudinal movements from right to left, moves the intermediate part 18 of the spindle 5 in the same direction, the gearbox 25 with the platform 28 along the guide rolling pin 11, and with them the working part 17 spindle 5.

As a result, the countersink, rotating, enters the center hole of the axis 1 and processes its surface, ensuring roundness, alignment with the axis of the axis and surface quality with a purity of Ra in the range 2.5 ... 15.

Then, rotating the spindle 29 in the other direction, the spindle 5 and the platform 28 with the gear 25 are retracted to their original position. Next, releasing the start button, turn off the motor.

The above technology can be fully automated by well-known circuitry solutions, where human participation will be reduced only to the launch of such a system.

In the proposed device, the processes of restoring the center holes of the axle of the wheelset with the axle boxes removed (on the “bare” neck) or without dismantling them do not require different equipment, they are implemented with the same layout.

In addition, the restored center surfaces to a surface cleanliness of 10 μm will allow ultrasonic testing by conical piezoelectric transducers of all types of axles, both free and assembled with a pair of wheels at the VKM and depot, especially during the intermediate inspection of car repair. This will be effective in the repair of wheelsets with axles of the type RU1-Sh, as well as with cassette bearings, as significantly reduced time and necessary financial resources.

Claims (9)

1. A device for restoring the center holes of the axles of the wheelsets of the rolling stock, comprising a housing, rotary and feed spindle drives with a cutting tool fixed thereto, and a cam cartridge, characterized in that the cam cartridge, rotation and feed drives are mounted on the housing, and the spindle is movably mounted inside the cam cartridge, which is made with the possibility of fixing directly on the cylindrical surface of the support node of the wheelset. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a faceplate equipped with a centering sleeve on one side, a cam chuck mounted on its outer surface, and on the other hand, rolling rods fixed to it perpendicularly, the free ends of which are combined shelf in the same way. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the spindle is made integral and includes a working part and an intermediate part articulated by a coupling. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation drive is made in the form of an engine with a worm gear, the housing of which is mounted on a movable platform with the ability to move the latter along the guide rolling pin between the faceplate and the said shelf, and the gear wheel of the gear is pressed onto the intermediate part of the spindle . 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed drive is made in the form of a lead screw with a handle, coupled with a nut fixed in the center of the shelf, while the tip of the lead screw is made sphere-like and placed in the end hole of the spindle intermediate part, closed by a cover. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the cam cartridge is self-centering, its jaws are equipped with copper inserts with the possibility of interaction of their working faces with the surfaces of the axle neck and the bore for the fastening cover in the axle box housing. 7. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the cam cartridge has the ability to fix on the surface of the neck axis of the wheelset. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the cam cartridge has the ability to fix on the landing surface for the mounting cover surface in the housing of the axle box wheel assembly. 9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that all of its bearing units are made on ball bearings of the articulated type.

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