RU2551588C1 - Air cushion vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed vessel comprises hull with flexible air cushion railing. Said hull comprises lateral skegs, front and rear flexible elements and stiff boards. Besides, it includes the engine, propulsion and discharge units with the drive composed of a push-type axial propeller with blower in ring adapter and control system. Note here that the frame is rigidly secured behind said propeller while inflatable board is secured at the hull stiff sides all along the vessel perimeter. Said ring adapter is additionally provided with a stiff frame aligned with said ring adapter from outer side. Said extra frame is equipped with stiff supports and water turbuliser turbine running on the shaft and fitted at said supports. Said bladed screw turbine is fitted on the shaft with deflector and can be displaced over preset intervals relative to air density adjustment screw. Turbine profile is inscribed by at least invariable small radius with respect to axial air screw with blower.

EFFECT: increased propulsion, better control.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles and for the construction of amphibious hovercraft and can be used for WUA for any purpose: military WUA, transport, sports, etc.

When a different vessel operates according to its classes and characteristics, a common drawback of known devices is their limited speed performance in movement, where the main propulsion devices (propellers, tail horizontal stabilizers with elevator and trireme installed in wing devices, etc.) are ineffective.

The operation of such vessels is mainly based on propulsion by increasing the speed of the engine output shaft. The hovercraft picks up speed and leaves the zone of the “screen effect” and makes a movement, for example, of the water regime.

A hovercraft is known, comprising a hull, a blower unit with a steering device, an air cushion area enclosure with bow and stern elements and side skegs, as well as an element dividing the air cushion region into left and right chambers, made in the form of a flexible duct with a longitudinal ridge in the lower part, divided inside the longitudinal diaphragm into left and right sections, which are connected to the discharge unit in the annular nozzle, while in the walls of the flexible pipe adjacent to the cam With air cushion measures, holes are made that communicate each section of the flexible duct with a corresponding air cushion chamber (patent RU 2167775, class B60V 3/06, 1/16, 2001).

This technical solution is taken as an analogue of the present invention.

The disadvantage of this hovercraft is the limited power of the propeller propeller shaft during movement in the atmosphere, which requires more powerful engines equipped with propulsion for movement on water (in the air), and this is limited by the speed characteristics of the engine using an additional propulsion, where the main propulsors (propellers or engine nozzles) are ineffective, while using only the density directly of the atmosphere itself.

Thus, when moving, for example, amphibians afloat, it is impossible to increase power (thrust) without additional devices, without changing the pressure setting in the repulsion region, only using an atmosphere of air of a known density.

Known means of transportation on an air cushion, comprising a housing with a rigid flat bottom with a flexible guard, an air cushion including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge unit with a drive mechanism and a control system and an inflatable one a board mounted on rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel. The outer edges of the side skegs of the amphibious vessel are fixed on the inflatable board, and the inner edges are on the bottom of the ship's hull. The amphibious vessel is made with a central skeg, the discharge unit is made with a steering device that regulates the discharge of air into the chambers. The amphibious vessel is made with control flaps located in the discharge unit. Skegs are made with protectors. The hull of the amphibious vessel is made detachable. The bottom of the hull of the amphibian vessel is made flat, and its bow is made inclined at an angle of attack relative to the horizon. The propulsion system of an amphibious vessel is made in the form of a pushing propeller in an annular nozzle, behind which horizontal and vertical aerodynamic rudders are installed. A rectangular frame with vertical and horizontal rudders is rigidly fixed to the propeller in the annular nozzle. Horizontal and vertical rudders are made integral, having, for example, fixed and deflecting parts. The blower unit is configured to receive the torque of the power engine by means of a V-belt transmission (patent RU 2126773, class B60V 3/08, 1999).

In the known invention, the propulsion device cannot increase above the predetermined speed characteristics when moving, for example, an amphibious vessel, when only the power of the pushing propeller in the annular nozzle is used, as well as when using and having other auxiliary devices of the vessel. This is due to resistance when the vessel moves through the water, which leads to loss of traction. Thus, it is not always possible to increase the speed of the vessel due to the limited resource of application and does not allow the development of high speeds, i.e. out of range of the screen effect. The disadvantage is the lack of additional means of creating behind the mover a dense curtain of the atmosphere in the form of a foggy cloud, mixing different air environments, the density of the atmosphere of which must be increased, which reduces its speed characteristics as a whole. The jets of exhaust air into the atmosphere from the annular nozzle do not meet the "curtain of the wall" from a denser atmosphere at the back of the vessel, and there is no additional possibility - pushing the vessel in the direction of motion, which reduces the overall thrust of the vessel.

Typically, air jets from propellers are used for overpressure on the bottom of the vessel, which at low speeds provides aerodynamic unloading and a decrease in draft. For the proposed invention is a slightly different distinguishing statement of the problem.

It is known that the distance of movement or take-off depends on the design features and purpose of various vessels: their parameter, hydrodynamic resistance, etc.

It is known that an amphibious hovercraft containing a hull with a flexible air cushion enclosure including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with a drive mechanism in the form of a pushing propeller in an annular nozzle , in which the frame is rigidly fixed to the propeller, and the control system, an inflatable board mounted on the rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel (patent RU 2349475, class B60V 3/08, 2008).

The disadvantage of this amphibious hovercraft is its limited speed performance in motion, since the propulsion system of the ship is made only in the form of a pushing propeller placed in an annular nozzle in which the frame is rigidly fixed to the propeller, and horizontal and vertical aerodynamic rudders are installed. The discharge unit is configured to receive the torque of the power engine by means of a V-belt transmission. In this regard, in the well-known invention, a specific task was posed - from tipping moment at high speed in the bow of the vessel to introduce on the axis of the hinged wing, made split, and these parts pass in the center of the axis of rotation. However, as in the analogs, it is not possible to develop and increase the speed of the propulsion device in the atmosphere in motion due to the need only for the power of the engine itself, i.e. engine torque, limited by the resource in the manufacture.

The prior art: amphibious hovercraft and snow type ships.

The technical result of the group of inventions is to ensure, for example, stability and increased seaworthiness afloat, including in strong winds and waves. However, they also do not provide an additional method of using an additional propulsion device, and it is ineffective in comparison with the proposed invention in design. The work of all of them does not provide for and does not take into account an essential feature such as creating an increase in additional values of a high density (curtain) of the atmosphere behind the mover, there is no new technical solution for creating the proposed effect in the movement of the ship as a whole.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed propulsion of the propulsion device, maneuverability by increasing the efficiency of mixing dissimilar active media during operation of the vessel.

According to the present invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that in an air-cushion vessel containing a hull with a flexible air cushion enclosure, including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with a drive mechanism in the form of a pushing axial propeller with a fan in an annular nozzle in which the frame is rigidly fixed to the propeller, and a control system, an inflatable board mounted on rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel , the annular nozzle is additionally equipped with a rigid frame coaxially mounted to the annular nozzle from the outer surface, and the additional frame is equipped with rigid supports and a source of active medium placed in them on the swirl shaft in the form of a turbine made of vane, fixed on the shaft axis with a reflector and fixed movement relative to the axial propeller, and the turbine profile of the propeller blade is outlined with at least a constant small radius relative to the axial propeller with a fan.

In addition, the rotor vane turbine is made with the possibility of axial movement coaxially relative to the inlet pressure pipe with an active nozzle from the side of the axial propeller.

In addition, the pressure pipe is freely passed through the central part inside the axial propeller and is connected via a flexible tube to an active medium source with a compressor.

In addition, according to an embodiment, it comprises an active nozzle with an annular protrusion on the outer surface, the reflector being in longitudinal section located to the axis of symmetry of the vane-blade turbine at an angle to each other of 40-80 °.

In addition, according to an embodiment, the additional frame is provided at the top along the perimeter with an annular hollow upper tube with holes, with a vertically placed telescopic nozzle - a source of active medium - with the possibility of fixed movement relative to the swirl in the form of a fixed impeller on the shaft, and the telescopic nozzle has an output end equipped with a nozzle facing the impeller, and the hollow tube is connected by a flexible tube to a source of active medium, the maneuver of which is zvodyat from the control panel.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions identical to the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "Novelty."

The implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention leads to the emergence of important new properties of the object: there is a turbulization of the air flow by the drive of the propeller with blades, while the air passing through the nozzle puts pressure on the screw-blade turbine conical with the blades, the flow of the active medium causes its rotation, in addition , at the same time, the air stream from the propeller with blades additionally affects its rotation of the vane-propeller turbine with a reflector. At the same time, from the side of the screw-blade turbine (of a small size relative to the geometrical dimensions of the propeller drive), a reaction to the active medium arrives in the form of compressed air (or steam under high pressure), which turbulates the flow of compressed air entering the inter-blade compartments as a result of collision reflector. Additional compressed air (or high pressure steam) continues to be mixed intensively with the air mass from the propeller drive. Thus, the jets of additional supply air (or steam) rotating at a high speed around the inner periphery of the reflector exit into the atmosphere zone behind the propeller drive. As a result of their joint mixing, a zone with a higher density is formed greater than the density of the atmosphere itself, i.e. a “foggy cloud” is formed. Thus, a curtain area with a high density is obtained behind the vessel, which increases the repulsive moment when the aircraft is moving forward on an air cushion. From here, an additional reactive force is formed, which contributes to an increase in the speed of the vessel on the water (an additional method of the propulsion of the vessel is obtained).

It should also be noted another important factor in the fact that when a powerful propeller drive is operating, the effect of suction of the active medium of the liquid in front of the vane-turbine turbine arises and then the nozzle of the pressure pipe works as a pump, where the air coming from the receiver connected to the compressor exits at high speed . In this case, by creating a vacuum, the compressor can be turned off, the process runs automatically until it is turned off from the control panel (not shown in the figure for simplicity). The reflector at the end of the vane-blade turbines at a right angle (the embodiment may be different, Fig. 2) tends to direct the received additional compressed air to the radial direction towards the propeller drive, mixed with the air of the propeller and behind it, creates a curtain of foggy cloud. The density of which is higher than the density of the atmosphere. Thus, there is an increase in the high-speed thrust of the main mover, even when the supply of the active medium is briefly turned on in the form of additional air (or steam) from the control panel.

The rotational speed of a small cone vane rotor turbine and the mixing intensity of dissimilar active media (air or steam) depends on the installation and design of the reflector to the radial direction and the distance from the turbine axis.

The maximum rotational speed of a rotor vane turbine with blades occurs when the process of supplying an active air medium from the receiver under pressure from the compressor and from the side of the rotational speed of the main propeller drive, i.e. when creating the energy of air circulation in front of a vane-turbine turbine.

The stability of the turbine in the horizontal plane in front of the nozzle of the supply pipe, passing freely through the central part inside the axial fan, is provided by supports fixed rigidly to the rectangular frame at one end, and the axial load from the reactive force of the active medium is perceived by attaching the reflector to the axis of rotation with radial mounting beams made in the form of supports.

In addition, according to an embodiment, it comprises an impeller on the shaft, a telescopic pipe with an outlet nozzle, and an annular hollow tube to which vertical pipes are attached. An annular pipe is connected to a source of active air (steam) from a receiver connected to a compressor. Management is carried out from the control panel (not shown), for example, the supply of an active medium.

Thus, the interaction of the propeller with a curtain of denser mass creates a moment that accelerates the movement of the vessel. There is additional traction from the mover. Since the density of the curtain (fog cloud) is quite significantly increased, the speed of the ship increases, overcoming water resistance, and the range and travel time for the arrival of the ship at the destination course accordingly decreases. The coefficient of excess flow rate of additional air (steam) s is determined from the dynamic characteristics of the "jet apparatus", the impact of the jets on the blades to obtain an active medium mixed with the air flow, having a slight effect on the propeller drive, since the location of the propeller behind it at some distance of the nozzle is connected with a screw-blade turbine (design form) with a reflector. The compressor can be switched off for a short time, and then there comes a moment of operation in the form of an ejected pump from a rotary vane rotor turbine, the rotation speed of which will depend on the air circulation flow created by the propeller drive.

The applicant has not identified any sources of information that would contain information about the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. The above allows, in the applicant's opinion, to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the general arrangement of the vessel (engine not shown);

in FIG. 2 shows a mover assembly, an embodiment of an active nozzle, and a reflector shape with a drive;

in FIG. 3 shows a mover assembly, an embodiment of a telescopic pipe — liquids and impellers with a drive.

The hovercraft includes a hull 1, flexible side skegs 2, bow of the vessel 3, aft of the vessel 4, bow (front) flexible guard VP, aft (rear) flexible guard VP, removable awning. The discharge unit is in the described specific example at the same time the mover 5 of the vessel. The inflatable board, the central skeg, the protectors, the connection lines of the hull sections, the propulsion system propeller contains (marching fan) 5, the vertical rudder 7, the rectangular frame 9. The propulsion system 5 of the vessel is made in the form of a ventilation propeller in an annular nozzle 8 behind the propeller, in which vertical and horizontal aerodynamic rudders are installed.

The ring nozzle body has an extension, during which a rectangular frame 10 is installed, to which a drive shaft 13 (axis) is mounted on two bearings 11, 12 with a sleeve 14 on the front console of which a reflector 15 is fixed, and a conical turbine 16 screw-blade with blades attached to it 17. The output end of the pressure pipe 18 with the nozzle 19 is located in front of the vane screw cone 16, and the inlet end of the pressure pipe 18 is freely passed through the central part 20 inside the axial propeller 5 and has a rigid ide with a flexible tube 21 with a source of active medium from the receiver 22 with a compressor 23. The ring nozzle body 8 serves to vent air into the atmosphere, while it is mixed with the active medium - air, or steam coming under high pressure due to the presence of a turbine 16 with a reflector 15 in the form of a curtain, the density of which is higher than the density of the atmosphere itself. The axis of the drive shaft 13 is located in the same plane with the corresponding internal line of the axial propeller 5 with the pressure pipe 18, and the bearings 11 and 12 with the guides 24 eliminate the possibility of skewing of the vane-cone turbine 16. Possible variation of the reflector 25 in the shape of the profile and the active nozzle 19 with a conical protrusion 26 on the outer surface (Fig. 2).

The embodiment of FIG. 3 provides for the installation of a hollow annular upper tube 27 located on the outer surface of the frame 10 with tubes 28 and telescopic nozzles 29. The telescopic nozzles 29 have a nozzle 30 directed toward the impeller 31, the profile shape of which is assigned constructively when designing a device with a small radius, respectively in comparison with the axial propeller 5. The telescopic pipe 29 with the nozzle 30 is mounted with the possibility of movement relative to the input tube 28 of the communication channel with the upper pipe 27, with communicated with the source 22 of the active medium of air (steam) with the compressor 23 (not shown connection). All elements are removable and interchangeable during setup. The design of the additional propulsion unit depends on the design of the reflector 15, 25, the distance ℓ2 to the radial direction to the turbine 16 and the distance ℓ1 from the axis of the turbine to the nozzle 19 of the pipe 18.

The operation of the hovercraft is as follows.

To ensure the movement of the vessel include an injection unit (not shown), creating a lifting force. At the same time, the rest of the air is ejected horizontally into the atmosphere, creating a driving force. The vessel comes off the supporting surface and begins to move forward. To turn the vessel using steering devices.

When the vessel moves through the water, the compressor 23 supplies compressed air (steam) from the source 22 of the active medium through the pressure pipe 18. Passing through the central part 20 inside the axial propeller 5, the flow of the active medium puts pressure on the blades 17 of the vane-cone turbine 16, bringing it into rotation, in addition, simultaneously the air flow behind the fan, coming from the axial propeller 5, also additionally creates a rotation of the turbine 16. There is an acceleration of rotation of the turbine 16 of the rotor blade together with the reflector 15 (25), cat ing secured to the shaft 13 with the guide 24, overcoming the resistance to rotation of the reflector 15 (25). The air stream (steam) coming from the receiver 22 is divided by the blades 17 of the turbine 15 into many equal parts of the streams entering the inter-blade compartments, and is released into the atmosphere, while a driving force is created. The ship accelerates sharply its movement. Under the pressure of compressed air (steam) in the pressure pipe 18 and with the addition of air from the axial propeller 5, the vane screw turbine 17 accelerates rotation, increases torque, turbulizes the flow and jets, encountering an obstacle in the form of a reflector 15 (25), is sprayed and mixed with air coming from the propeller, thereby forming a curtain in the form of a "foggy cloud". As a result, a reactive circulation zone is also formed in front of the reflector, in which the process of intensive mixing of the active medium along the periphery of the additional frame 10 continues. Thus, a process of continuous and intensive mixing of compressed air (or high vapor pressure) occurs. As a result, behind the axial propeller in the atmosphere, a curtain is created in the form of a “fog cloud”, which has a higher density than the atmosphere itself. A rigid connection of the turbine 16 with the reflector 15 (25) ensures synchronous operation in the atmosphere during the movement of the vessel. In this case, the rotation speed of the vane-cone turbine 16 and the intensity of the collision of the active medium jets against the reflector 15 (25) with mixing of the common air may depend on the connection of all elements of the devices creating the maximum rotation speed, both from the pressure pipe 18 with the nozzle 19, and with side of the rotational speed of the axial propeller 5, which increases the efficiency of the vessel along the route.

It should also be noted that the formation of a reduced pressure zone around the nozzle 19 at the end of the pressure pipe 18 can provide continued suction of a stream of compressed air (steam) in the rotational movement of the vane-propeller turbine 16 due to the increased effect of air on the rotational speed of the axial propeller 5, t .e. increases the torque on the drive shaft 13 in the bearings 11, 12, which provide stability to the turbine 16 with a reflector 15 (25) under axial load. The compressor 23 is turned off.

The rotation of the turbine 16 with a reflector 15 (25), the latter can be of any shape (rectangular, conical, semicircular, etc.) located at the end of the axial propeller 5, with respect to the latter can be so small in geometric dimensions that these structural elements do not have a noticeable effect (resistance) to the rotation of the blades in the axial propeller 5, and therefore, conditions are created that can dramatically increase the speed of the vessel due to the curtain formed by a denser mass with respect to the atmosphere, i.e. an additional mover increases the thrust of the vessel in motion at least two times in a larger direction.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3 due to the possible bringing the structure into working position, the hollow pipe 27 with a flexible communication line (not shown) is connected to the pressure line of the compressor 23 with the source 22 of the active medium. Air or steam under high pressure leaves the nozzles 30, constantly in contact with the impeller 31, mixes with atmospheric air, then a curtain is formed, the density of which is greater than the density of the atmosphere behind the aircraft in a short section of acceleration on water, reducing range and travel time, and is small will depend on the natural working conditions, and more precisely, under conditions of clear, calm, calm weather. In such cases, the vessel additionally has its “camouflage” in motion due to the cloud of fog formed behind it, at a high speed of the vessel, the scope is wide enough, for example, in military AWPs, etc.

The effectiveness of the proposed device uses a method of increasing traction of a hovercraft during the implementation of technological schemes when moving on water or in snow.

The proposed design of new elements in the present invention does not require large expenditures with the corresponding small geometric dimensions. The vane-rotor turbine is made respectively with different optimal sizes with respect to the linear dimensions of the axial propeller, has an optimal point of operation mode of the vane-rotor turbine with a reflector, which can also have any form of its manufacture.

Due to the low dynamic resistance of the vane-turbine turbine circuit with a reflector in the central part in line with the propeller drive, the resistance of the proposed device is low due to rarefaction in this zone, based on the dynamic load of the propeller in its geometric dimensions. The flow rate is distributed by the ratio of the presence of the inter-blade space in the turbine 16, while the flow, organized by the spraying of the active medium upon impact with the reflector, creates a mixture in the area of the additional rectangular frame, improving the speed characteristics of the propulsion device, and the proposed propulsion device can be used as an additional source of traction power of the transport means afloat or in the snow. In addition, the design of the system of nodes is simple and the mover provides a way to create a curtain of denser mass than the atmosphere, which increases the thrust of the axial propeller during the movement of the vessel, while the payload of the vessel increases the mass of the cargo and maneuverability by increasing the efficiency of mixing dissimilar active media when the vessel is moving on water or in snow. Thus, in one technological cycle, the tasks of the optimal creation of the design solution and the creation of a curtain with an increased density of air or steam mixed with air received from the propeller behind the ship in motion are combined. The vessel is manufactured in the factory using conventional equipment and known structural materials with the proposed additional propulsion, which determines, according to the applicant, its compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (5)

1. An air cushion vessel comprising a hull with a flexible air cushion enclosure, including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with a drive mechanism in the form of a thrust axial propeller with an annular fan nozzle in which the propeller is rigidly fixed to the frame, and the control system, an inflatable board mounted on the rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel, characterized in that, in order to increase the speed of the propulsion , maneuverability, by increasing the efficiency of mixing dissimilar active media during the operation of the vessel, the annular nozzle is additionally equipped with a rigid frame coaxially mounted to the annular nozzle from the outer surface, and the additional frame is equipped with rigid supports and a source of active medium in the form of a turbine placed on them on the swirl shaft propeller blade mounted on the axis of the shaft with a reflector and with a fixed movement relative to the axial propeller that controls the density of air, and The turbine blade profile of the turbine is outlined with at least a constant small radius with respect to the axial propeller with a fan. 2. The hovercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the vane-propeller turbine is arranged to axially move coaxially relative to the inlet pressure pipe with an active nozzle from the side of the axial propeller. 3. The hovercraft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure pipe is freely passed through the central part inside the axial propeller and is connected via a flexible tube to a source of active medium, with a compressor. 4. The hovercraft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that according to an embodiment it comprises an active nozzle with an annular protrusion on the outer surface, the reflector in longitudinal section being located to the axis of symmetry of the vane-propeller turbine at an angle to each other equal to 40 -80 °. 5. The hovercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to an embodiment, the additional frame is provided at the top along the perimeter with an annular hollow upper tube with holes, with a vertically placed telescopic nozzle - a source of active medium with the possibility of fixed movement relative to the swirl in the form mounted impeller on the shaft, and the hollow tube is connected by a flexible tube to a source of active medium, the maneuvering of which is carried out from the control panel.

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