RU2549641C1 - Ceramic mass to make clinker bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: ceramic mass to make clinker bricks includes the following components, wt %: zeolyte-containing rock 60-80; tailings of extraction of cobalt concentrate 20-40. Tailings of cobalt concentrate grinding are used, which are characterised by volume bulk weight of 920 kg/m³, density of 2720 kg/m³, refractoriness of 1200°C, mineral composition containing orthoclase, quartz, clayey minerals, ferriferous compounds and carbonates, with the chemical composition, including, wt %: SiO₂ - 32.72; Al₂O₃ - 9.33; Fe₂O₃ - 10.00; CaO - 15.47; MgO - 12.01; R₂O - 2.30; ignition loss - 17.80.

EFFECT: reduced water absorption and increased strength of products.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction materials industry, mainly to the compositions of the masses for clinker brick.

Known ceramic mass for the manufacture of ceramic products, including clay marl (in wt.%) - 75-85, zeolite-containing clay - 5-15 and cullet - 3-10 (RF Patent No. 2210554). The disadvantage of this clay is that products based on it have high water absorption and have low bending strength. Despite the presence of flooding (cullet) up to 10%, the products are characterized by increased water absorption.

Another ceramic mass (RF patent No. 2176223), containing 25-60% low-melting clay and 40-75% zeolite-containing clay of mixed mineral composition with a particle size of less than 1 mm, after firing at a temperature of 1050 ° C does not allow to obtain ceramic products with water absorption of less than 1 % satisfying the requirements of GOST.

The closest analogue to the proposed one is the mass for the manufacture of ceramic materials, including clay - 70-90% and tailings for the extraction of cobalt concentrate - 10-30% (RF Patent No. 2250205). The disadvantage of this mass is that products based on it after firing have high water absorption (8.2-10.0%).

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce water absorption and increase strength.

The essence of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the ceramic mass for the manufacture of clinker bricks, including zeolite-containing rock and filling the gels, is characterized in that it contains tails for extracting cobalt concentrate as a filler in the following ratio of mass components, wt.%: Zeolite-containing rock - 80- 60, tailings for the extraction of cobalt concentrate - 20-40.

The zeolite-bearing rock has a red-brown color, bulk density - 1680 kg / m ³ , density - 2700 kg / m ³ , fire resistance - 1160 ° C. The mineralogical composition includes clinoptilolite (30-34%), montmorillonite (8-10%), quartz (12-18%), orthoclase (28-32%), goethite (6-8%), calcite (4-6%) ) and volcanic glass (7-9%). The chemical composition of the zeolite-containing rock is shown in table 1.

Table 1 SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ Cao MgO K ₂ O Na ₂ O ₃ SO ₃ p.p.p. 57.94 12.07 6.05 4.13 2.04 2.18 3.72 0.23 11.64

As a filler taken by-products of the extraction of cobalt concentrate, which is a finely ground gray powder. Bulk bulk density - 920 kg / m ³ , density - 2720 kg / m ³ . Refractoriness - 1200 ° C. The mineralogical composition includes orthoclase, quartz, clay minerals, glandular compounds and carbonates. The chemical composition includes the following oxides, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 32.79; Al ₂ O ₃ - 9.33; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 10.00; CaO - 15.47; MgO - 12.01; K ₂ O - 0.90; Na ₂ O - 1.40; p.p.p. - 17.80.

From the scientific and technical literature, as well as from the well-known list of information, the applicant has not found technical solutions using zeolite-containing rocks and tailings for the extraction of cobalt concentrate or with similar fillers of a similar chemical composition.

In the considered ceramic mass, the crushed and moistened particles of clinoptilolite and montmorillonite act as a plastic component between the solid particles, providing a tight packing of the latter during molding by pressing.

The chemical interaction of the main components (clinoptilolite, montmorillonite and orthoclase) of the zeolite-containing rock during heat treatment, with the indicated combination of oxides with the decomposition products of clay minerals and other components present in the “tails”, leads to an earlier reaction in the solid phase with the formation of new compounds such as mordenite , glandular spinels, cristobalite, anorthite, herzenite, wollastonite and mulliton-like phase, as well as the formation of a large amount of liquid iron soda zhaschey phase through the interaction of oxides of alkali and alkaline earth elements oxides of silica, aluminum, iron, and volcanic glass. Since the liquid phase is practically a binder and a cementing substance between solid particles, filling intergranular voids, reducing the porosity of the shard, its formation in a large amount (more than 50%) than in known compositions at a final firing temperature leads to a more dense structure of the ceramic material , which reduces water absorption and increases the strength of products.

Thus, the totality of the proposed features, according to the applicant, meets the criterion of "significant differences", acquires new properties, which consist in obtaining ceramic material with a denser structure, which determines high strength and low water absorption of products.

Concrete example

The preparation of the mass is carried out by the slip method while grinding raw materials in ball mills to a final residue on sieve No. 0063 of not more than 3%. Slip dehydration is carried out in a tower spray dryer and a press powder with a moisture content of 6-8% is obtained. Pressing of products with dimensions of 200 × 100 × 50 mm (rhombic samples) is carried out at a specific pressure of 40 MPa. The pressed and dried products are dried and fired once in a single process at a temperature of 1100 ° C.

The charge composition of the masses and the properties of the calcined products are shown in tables 2 and 3.

The test results showed the effectiveness of introducing finely ground tailings for the extraction of cobalt concentrate in an amount of 20-40%. With the addition of 10% of the proposed tails to the composition No. 1, the water absorption of the products does not meet the requirements. With an increase in the zeolite-containing rock content of more than 40% (composition V), deformation of products with the melting of sharp corners and faces is observed. Compared with the prototype, the water absorption of the obtained products from the proposed mass is less than 10-12 times.

table 2 Compositions I II III IV V Zeolite-bearing rock 90 80 70 60 fifty Cobalt Concentrate Extraction Tails 10 twenty thirty 40 fifty

Table 3 Composition numbers Water absorption The limit of compressive strength, MPa I 1.7 51.8 II 0.8 71.0 III 0.5 79.1 IV 0.1 87.4 V 0,03 product deformation Prototype 8.2-10 39.5-48.6

As a result of intensive sintering of the indicated mass, the formed liquid phase fills all intergranular voids of the crock and contributes to a significant compaction of the material with a decrease in water absorption, and crystalline neoplasms such as cristobalite, anorthite, herzenite, glandular spinel and mullite-like phase provide high mechanical strength of the products.

The application of the proposed ceramic mass makes it possible to obtain ceramic clinker brick with low water absorption and high strength with the expansion of the raw material base.

Claims (1)

Ceramic mass for the manufacture of clinker brick, including zeolite-containing rock and filler, characterized in that it contains cobalt concentrate extraction tails as filler, characterized by a bulk density of 920 kg / m ³ , a density of 2720 kg / m ³ , refractoriness 1200 ° C, mineralogical composition including orthoclase, quartz, clay minerals, ferruginous compounds and carbonates, chemical composition, including, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 32,72; Al ₂ O ₃ - 9.33; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 10.00; CaO - 15.47; MgO - 12.01; R ₂ O - 2.30; p.p.p. - 17.80, in the following ratio of mass components, wt.%:
Zeolite-bearing rock 60-80 Cobalt Concentrate Extraction Tails 20-40