RU2548457C1 - Explosion-proof panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: explosion-proof panel contains a metal armor framework with a metal armor coating and lead filler, four fixed supporting branch pipes in end faces, and in the coating of an explosion-hazard object four bearing rods are rigidly fixed, which are inserted telescopically into fixed supporting branch pipes of the panel, and the filler is designed as air-lead disperse system, and lead is designed as crumb, and the bearing rods are made elastic, and in addition the elastic damping collapsing single-acting elements are provisioned which are fastened on bearing rods to stop sheets by means of the damping base with screws, and to the base, coaxially with the rod, the truncated cone bushing is rigidly fixed, and its lower truncated cone base is connected with the base, and the single-acting element rests against the top truncated cone base, this element is made as a bushing from fragile collapsing material, for example porcelain, which is pressed from below by the tightening element of bushing type with grooves for fixing of the elastic part of the collapsing element designed as the conic spring facing with the top base towards the tightening element of bushing type, and the lower base of the conic spring is fixed in grooves of the damping base by means of moulding polyurethane, and fixing of the tightening element of bushing type is performed by means of latches installed on the rod surface. The single-acting element is designed as at least three rods from the fragile collapsing material placed between stop sheets and the tightening element of bushing type with grooves for fixing of elastic part of the collapsing element, and one end of each rod by means of hinges is fixed on stop sheets, and the rods are located with an inclination about 15°÷25° from the elastic dampening collapsing single-acting element aside.EFFECT: improvement of reliability of action of explosion-proof devices at accident explosion on a site and providing of recovery of these structure into initial state after explosion.2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to protective devices used in explosive objects, such as easily removable panels and roofs, explosion-proof guards and dampers, overpressure valves.

Known explosive valve [1] (Fig. 4 on page 45), consisting of a body, a lined cargo bolt, movably connected to the valve body through at least three flexible connections, in the form of chains, and blocking the hole in the body of the protected object.

Known explosion-proof valve for technological equipment [2, 3], consisting of a body, a lined cargo lock, movably connected to the valve body through at least three flexible connections in the form of chains, a heat-insulating element and a sealing membrane. A safety device is attached to the valve body, which is fixed with its upper part on the hinge lever, and the lower one on the upper cylindrical part of the body, having a bursting element in the form of a wire.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the membrane is used to seal the valve, i.e. it is almost completely unloaded, and does not significantly affect the valve operating pressure, and the installation of an additional safety device complicates the design, making it less reliable.

Known explosion-proof device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 130657 [4], comprising a valve body, heat insulating and bursting elements, a lined cargo lock, movably connected to the valve body via at least three flexible connections, for example in the form of chains, one end of which is pivotally connected to the valve body and the other is pivotally connected to the cargo bolt, while the valve body is made in the form of a lower cylindrical, middle conical and upper cylindrical parts, with a lined Uzes shutter.

A disadvantage of the known solution is the relatively low reliability due to the fact that flexible connections made in the form of chains work jerkily, with blows, since there is no damping system for the cargo bolt.

Known explosion-proof device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 131841, F16D 3/04 [5], comprising a valve body, heat insulating and explosive elements, a lined cargo gate, movably connected to the valve body by at least three flexible connections, while the lined cargo gate is made with a system damping attached to the horizontal jumpers of the rods, and facing the cargo bolt, and each of the three damping devices is made in the form of a round disk on which the base of the damper is fixed by means of screws de- vice, made of a rigid type vibration damping material "agate", which is connected with the sleeve of elastomer.

Its disadvantage is the relatively low efficiency of the damping system of the cargo shutter due to the use of rigid vibration damping materials.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the explosion-proof collapsing design of the fencing of buildings according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 131757, Cl. Е04В 1/92 [6], (prototype), consisting of an armored metal frame with armored metal casing and a filler - lead. In the coating of the object near the opening, four support rods are fixed, telescopically inserted into the fixed support pipes, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, stop plates are welded to the ends of the support rods.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low reliability due to the low efficiency of the damping system of the cargo gate.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the reliability of operation of explosion-proof devices during an emergency explosion at the facility and ensuring the return of these structures to their original position after the explosion.

This is achieved by the fact that in the explosion-proof panel containing a metal armored frame with metal armored casing and lead filler, having four fixed support pipes at the ends, while in the coating of an explosive object four support rods are rigidly fixed, which are telescopically inserted into the fixed pipes the panel supports, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods are made elastic, and additionally shears elastically damping, collapsing, single-acting elements that are attached to support rods to abutment sheets by means of a damping base with screws, and a sleeve made in the form of a truncated cone is rigidly attached to the base, coaxially to the rod, with its lower base of the truncated cone connected to the base and to the upper the base of the truncated cone abuts against a one-time action element made in the form of a sleeve made of brittle, collapsing material, such as porcelain, which is pressed from below by a clamping element sleeve-type element with grooves for fixing the elastic part of the collapsing element, made in the form of a conical spring, facing its upper base towards the clamping element of the sleeve type, and the lower base of the conical spring is fixed in the grooves of the damping base by means of injection polyurethane, and the clamping element of the sleeve type is fixed by means of latches mounted on the surface of the rod.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of an explosion-proof coating panel (or roof) of an explosive or radioactive object; FIG. 2 is a diagram of an elastically damping collapsing element of a one-time action.

The explosion-proof panel (Fig. 1) consists of an armored metal frame 1 with armored metal casing 2 and a filler - lead 3. In the coating of the object 7 at the opening 8, four support rods 4 are mounted symmetrically with respect to axis 9, telescopically inserted into the fixed support tubes 6, embedded in the panel. To fix the limit position of the panel, the stop sheets 5 are welded to the ends of the support rods 4. In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, the lead being made in the form of crumbs, and the supporting rods 4 are made elastic. An elastic-damping collapsing element 10 of a one-time action is attached to the stop sheets 5.

The filler may be made in the form of spherical chips of one diameter; in the form of spherical crumbs of different diameters. The filler can be made in the form of crumbs of arbitrary shape of different diametric (maximum external, arbitrary shape, contour of the crumb) size.

The elastic-damping collapsing element 10 of a single action (Fig. 2) is mounted on the support rods 4 to the stop sheets 5 by means of a damping base 11 with screws 12. A sleeve 14 made in the form of a truncated cone is rigidly attached to the base 11, and its lower base the truncated cone is connected with the base 11, and a sleeve 15 of polyurethane abuts against the upper base of the truncated cone, which is pressed from below by a clamping element 17 of the sleeve type with grooves 18 to fix the elastic part of the collapsing ele ment 10, made in the form of a conical spring, facing its upper base towards the clamping element 17 of the sleeve type, and the lower base of the conical spring 13 is fixed in the grooves (not shown) of the damping base 11 by injection molding polyurethane. The single-acting element is made in the form of at least three rods 19 of brittle, collapsing material, such as porcelain, placed between the stop sheets 5 and the clamping element 17 of the sleeve type with grooves 18 for fixing the elastic part of the collapsing element. In this case, one end of each rod 19 by means of hinges 20 is fixed on the stop sheets 5, and the rods 19 are located with an inclination of the order of 15 ° ÷ 25 ° to the side of the elastically damping collapsing element 15 of a single action.

The clamping element 17 of the sleeve type is fixed by means of latches 16 mounted on the surface of the rod 4.

The assembly of the elastically damping collapsing element 10 of a single action is carried out in the following sequence. An abutment sheet 5 is welded to the rod 4, perpendicular to its axis, after which the base 11 is fastened to it with screws 12, having grooves (not shown) for installing the lower base of the conical spring 13, which are filled with injection molded polyurethane. After that, a sleeve 15 is installed on the rod 4, made of a brittle collapsing material, which is pressed by the clamping element 17 of the sleeve type with grooves 18 to fix the upper base of the conical spring 13. This position is fixed by means of latches 16 mounted on the surface of the rod 4. Thus, the collapsing element 10 is ready for installation on the anti-explosion panel.

Explosion protection panel operates as follows.

In an explosion inside an industrial building (not shown), the panel rises from the action of the shock wave and overpressure is released through the open opening 8. Since one end of each rod 19 by means of hinges 20 is fixed on the stop sheets 5, and the rods 19 are located with an inclination of the order of 15 ° ÷ 25 °, with a small force of the shock wave, the free ends of the rods 19 due to the hinges 20 will slide (move) to the side from elastically damping collapsing element 15 of a single action, while maintaining their integrity and reuse.

After the explosion and the drop in excess pressure, dropping down, the panel closes the opening 8 and harmful substances do not enter the atmosphere. Stop plates 5 are used to fix the limit position of the panel.

Elastically damping collapsing element 10 of a single action works as follows.

When lifting the panel 1 from the action of the shock wave, it abuts against the clamping element 17 of the sleeve type, which is released from the latches (latches) 16 on the rod 4, as a result of which the conical spring 13 begins to compress. With the further movement of the clamping element 17 upwards, it destroys the single-acting element , which is made in the form of at least three rods 19 of a brittle crumbling material, such as porcelain, and compresses a sleeve 14 made in the form of a truncated cone, which changes shape and knocks out the upper base spring 13, freeing the way for further advancement of the clamping element 17 along the rod 4 until it interacts with the damping base 11. In case of a large (more than 5 KPa) pressure of the blast wave, or the welding joint is cut off, which fastens the support rods 4 to the stop sheets 5, either jamming and breaking of the rods 4 occurs.

In order to damp (soften) shock loads when the panel is returned, the filler of the metal frame 1 is made in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods 4 are made elastic.

Using the proposed technical solution allows the prevention of explosive objects from destruction and the reduction of harmful substances into the atmosphere during an accidental explosion.

Information sources

1. Kochetov OS Calculation of explosion-proof devices. The journal "Occupational Safety in Industry", No. 4, 2010, pp. 43-49.

2. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu. Explosion-proof valve // RF patent for utility model No. 120736. Published on September 27, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 27.

3. Durnev R.A., Kochetov O.S., Ivanova O.Yu. A test bench for testing collapsing structural elements of buildings and structures // RF patent for utility model No. 123104. Published on December 20, 2012. Bulletin of inventions No. 35.

4. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Explosion-proof device with a bursting disc // RF patent for utility model No. 130657. Published on July 27, 2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 21.

5. Ayubov E.N., Omelchenko M.V., Kochetov O.S., Tarakanov A.Yu., Skubak N.Yu., Polyakov I.A. Explosion-proof valve // RF patent for utility model No. 131841. Published on August 27, 2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 24.

6. Durnev R.A., Ivanova O.Yu., Kochetov O.S. Explosion-proof collapsing construction of a building enclosure // RF Patent for Utility Model No. 131757. Published August 27, 2013. Bulletin of inventions No. 24.

Claims (1)

An explosion-proof panel containing a metal armored frame with metal armored sheathing and lead filler, having four fixed support pipes at the ends, and four support rods that are telescopically inserted into the fixed pipe support pipes of the panel, are rigidly sealed in the ends of the explosive object, the filler being made into in the form of a dispersed air-lead system, moreover, the lead is made in the form of crumbs, and the support rods are made elastic, while additionally containing elasto-damping all single-action collapsing elements that are attached to the support rods to the abutment sheets by means of a damping base with screws, and a sleeve made in the form of a truncated cone is rigidly attached to the base, coaxially to the rod, and its lower base of the truncated cone is connected to the base and to the upper base a truncated cone abuts a one-time action element made in the form of a sleeve made of brittle, collapsing material, such as porcelain, which is pressed from below by a clamping element of the sleeve type and with grooves for fixing the elastic part of the collapsing element, made in the form of a conical spring, facing its upper base towards the clamping element of the sleeve type, and the lower base of the conical spring is fixed in the grooves of the damping base by injection polyurethane, and fixing the clamping element of the sleeve type is carried out by means of latches mounted on the surface of the rod, characterized in that the disposable element is made in the form of at least three rods of brittle of collapsing material placed between the stop sheets and the sleeve-type clamping element with grooves for fixing the elastic part of the collapsing element, with one end of each rod being hinged to the stop sheets, and the rods are inclined about 15 ° ÷ 25 ° from Elastically damping collapsing element of a single action.

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