RU2547977C1 - Forging machine for deformation of end sections of curved pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: forging machine includes interchangeable moulds and a cantilever arm located on the axis with a possibility of being turned about it by means of a turning drive. On the cantilever arm there installed is a slide with a replaceable puncheon provided with an alignment bar. The slide has a possibility of being moved along the cantilever arm by means of a movement drive. Interchangeable moulds are provided with a mechanism for their clamping in the form of wedges with fasteners.

EFFECT: possibility of local deformation of pipes of a wide range of sizes, which have different curvature radius.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, to metal forming and to forging machine designs.

A number of designs of forging machines are known, containing a slider with a punch fixed to it and a drive for moving the slider, see, for example, the monograph SM. Nesvit. Horizontal forging machines and their automation. M .: Engineering. 1964, however, the mass of such machines is significant and their cost is high, which complicates their use. The closest analogue of this invention is the invention according to the copyright certificate of the USSR No. 649197. Forging machine, 1978 (according to the decision of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the USSR is not subject to publication in the open press). This machine contains a slider with a punch, a drive to move the punch and two dies. There is also a clamping mechanism for the matrices in the form of a wedge interacting with a slider and an additional wedge with a clamp.

This design has several advantages, in particular, the weight of the machine is 4-5 times less than the weight of similar horizontal forging machines. Such a forging machine was successfully used, in particular, at the UKRUGLEGEOLOGY enterprise (Donetsk) and had a significant economic effect, see the article “New Mechanized Forging Complex”, Brovman M.Ya., Rudsky A.M. Forging and stamping production. 1980, No. 6.

However, this design does not provide the possibility of local deformation of the end sections of curvilinear pipes, which is often required for heat engineering pipes, energy devices and pipes used in the coal industry.

This invention is aimed at solving a technical problem - enabling local deformation of curved pipes, and their radius of curvature can vary in a wide range due to the very wide range of tubes used.

This problem is solved in that the forging machine contains a cantilever lever located on the axis with the possibility of rotation around it by means of a rotation drive, a slider with a replaceable punch made with a centering rod mounted on the cantilever lever with the ability to move along it by means of a movement drive, and interchangeable dies with the mechanism of their clamping in the form of wedges with clamps.

This design provides a solution to the problem, since it is precisely when the cantilever lever is turned by means of a rotation drive that the end section of the curved pipe is deformed.

In the case of changing the assortment and radius of curvature of the pipe, it is enough to replace the punch and move the slider with a replaceable punch along the cantilever arm to a position corresponding to the radius of the pipe by means of a slide displacement drive.

The design of the forging machine is illustrated in FIG. 1-4, wherein in FIG. 1 shows the position of the slider with the punch before the deformation of the pipe begins, and in FIG. 2 his position after the deformation is completed.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the deformation of the end of the pipe when the punch moves inside the cavity formed by two matrices. In FIG. Figure 4 shows the position of the punch in the case when it does not enter the cavity between the dies, but ensures the formation of a flange on the pipe when the punch compresses a portion of the pipe protruding from the cavity of the matrix.

In FIG. 1-4, the following notation is adopted: 1 - pipe - a hollow curved billet, the end section of which is heated, for example, by an inductor and introduced into the cavity between the matrices 2 and 3. Compression deformation of the pipe section is provided by the punch 4 due to pressure on the end surface of the pipe 1.

The punch 4 is mounted on the slider 5 and is provided with a centering rod 6. The slider is mounted on the cantilever lever 7 with the possibility of moving along the specified lever using the rod 8 when exposed to the pneumatic cylinder 9 (you can also use a hydraulic cylinder or a mechanical drive to move the slide 5 on the lever 7) .

The cantilever lever 7 has the ability to rotate around the axis 10 by driving a rotation around this axis, for example, when the force from the hydraulic cylinder 13 is applied through the levers 11, 12. flanges 16. The pipe clamping mechanism acting on the matrices 2, 3 includes a wedge interacting with a slider and an additional wedge with a clamp, this part of the device is similar to the prototype and is not shown in the drawings.

The device operates as follows. After receiving an order for a batch of pipes with an inner diameter d1 and an outer d, a replaceable punch and a guide rod, as well as dies with a clamping mechanism, are installed in the slider. Knowing the dimensions of the pipe 1, the matrices 2, 3 are installed, which correspond to the outer diameter d of the pipe 1. A replaceable punch 4 is installed in the slider 5, and the diameter of the punch corresponds to the diameter of the (outer) pipe 1, and the diameter of the centering rod 6 to its inner diameter is d1, cm Fig. one.

Next, the slider 5 is installed on the cantilever lever 7, moving the slider along the lever, acting on it through the rod 8 from the cylinder 9.

It is convenient to apply a scale along the length of the lever 7 indicating the values of the radius of the trajectory of the center of the punch 4 with the location of the slider (for example, its lower end surface) at this mark.

Next, fix the position of the slide, for example, using screws.

After heating the end of the pipe 1 in the inductor, it is fed into the matrices 2, 3 and its end section is clamped. After that, local deformation of the end section of the pipe 1 is carried out by the movement of the punch 4 and the slider 5. In this case, the rod 6 enters the pipe 1 and ensures the stability of the inner diameter. The movement of the slider is ensured by rotation of the lever 7 with the help of the rod 8 and the cylinder 9 around the axis 10, which provides the trajectory of the sections of the punch in the form of circular arcs. The shape of the end of the pipe after deformation is characterized by FIG. 2. The position of the portion of the deformed workpiece is also shown in FIG. 3. If the outer diameter of the thickened pipe end is d _m , then the deformation force will be

(1), $$P=0.25\pi (d_m^2-d_{\mathrm{one}}^2){\sigma }_T^{}\cdot n_{\sigma }$$

(one),

- предел текучести материала трубы, $$n_{\sigma }$$

- коэффициент напряженного состояния, который для условий стесненной деформации принимают равным $$n_{\sigma }=\mathrm{2,0}÷\mathrm{2,5}$$

.Where $${\sigma }_T$$

- yield strength of the pipe material, $$n_{\sigma }$$

- stress coefficient, which for constrained deformation conditions is taken equal $$n_{\sigma }=2.0÷2.5$$

.

, $${\sigma }_T=240\frac{МН}{м{м}^2}$$

для углеродистой стали при 1050°C, то P=0,25·3,14(0,07²-0,062²)·240· 2,5=0,5МН. После реализации деформации воздействием гидравлического цилиндра 13 через рычаги 11, 12 этим же цилиндром рычаг 7 отводят в исходное положение.If, for example, d _m = 70 mm, d ₁ = 62 mm, $$n_{\sigma }=2.5$$

, $${\sigma }_T=240\frac{M\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="N\; m\; m"\; filenames="00000008.png,00000009.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">N\; </figure-callout>}}{m{m}^{}}$$

for carbon steel at 1050 ° C, then P = 0.25 · 3.14 (0.07 ² -0.062 ² ) · 240 · 2.5 = 0.5 MN . After the deformation is realized, the action of the hydraulic cylinder 13 through the levers 11, 12 by the same cylinder, the lever 7 is returned to its original position.

When changing the assortment, i.e. diameters of the processed pipe or its thickness it is necessary to replace replaceable matrixes 2, 3; replace the punch 4 with the centering rod 6; set the slider 5 (with the punch 4 and the centering rod 6) to the desired position on the cantilever lever 7 (by acting on it through the rod 8 with the pneumatic cylinder 9). All this is not required to change the path of the punch to rebuild the drive. It is possible to provide local deformation of the end sections of the pipes by changing the path of the punch only by changing the position of the slider with the punch on the cantilever arm.

In any case, the trajectory will be an arc of a circle, but of a different radius (reconfiguration of the drive - cylinder 13, levers 11, 12 are not required). For practice, the possibility of another type of local deformation is very important.

If in the embodiment of FIG. 3, where the initial position of the end of the pipe 1 and the punch 4 is shown by a dotted line, the punch during deformation moves into the cavity between the matrices 2 and 3, forming a section of a greater thickness 15, it is often necessary to form a flange at the pipe. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the end portion of the pipe 1 is arranged in the matrices 2 and 3 so that the end of the pipe protrudes from the matrix (as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 4). When the punch 4 moves during its rotation around the axis 10, it deforms the end part of the pipe 1, flattening it so that a flange 16 is formed between the surfaces of the punch 4 and the dies 2, 3.

The centering rod 6 provides stability of the deformable section of the pipe.

Many pipes need to be provided with flanges, which is sometimes done by welding flanges to the ends of the pipes. However, this requires welding, stripping, and often subsequent machining. The extrusion of the flange 16 by the punch 4 provides both the high strength of the product and the accuracy of its size. In this embodiment, when moving from one pipe to another, there is no need to replace the punch 4 in each case, it is suitable for forming flanges of various diameters (selecting it according to the maximum diameter).

This forging machine can be widely used.

Claims (1)

  Forging machine for deforming the end sections of curved pipes, characterized in that it comprises a cantilever lever located on the axis with the possibility of rotation around it by means of a rotation drive, a slider with a replaceable punch made with a centering rod mounted on the cantilever lever with the ability to move along it by drive movement, and interchangeable matrixes with the mechanism of their clamping in the form of wedges with clamps.

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