RU2547945C1 - Air cushion vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: air cushion vehicle comprises hull, propulsion and discharge units, air cushion guard with fore and aft moving elements, side skegs and mid skeg to divide said area into LH and RH separate chambers. Discharge unit incorporates steering device to control air forcing into said chambers. Side and mid skegs are composed of two cases each. Note here that retractable rotary propulsors are arranged in every chamber between two cases.

EFFECT: enhanced performances.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and for the creation of hovercraft intended for use in wetlands in the Far North.

A hovercraft is known, comprising a hull, propulsion and pressure installations, as well as a fence for the air cushion area with bow and stern movable elements, with side skegs and a middle skeg, partitioning the air cushion region into left and right separate chambers (Sat. Shipbuilding abroad N3 (135), L. Shipbuilding, 1978, p.12, fig. 7 [1]). However, the known vessel has insufficient controllability, and therefore the safety of its operation is reduced.

Also known are hovercraft (patent RU No. 2154586 C1, 08.20.2000 [2], US patent No. 3106260 A, 10/08/1963 [3]), which have a supporting body with a flexible enclosure of the airbag around it mounted on the side crinolines attached to the body, a discharge complex with an engine, a drive and centrifugal blowers of an air cushion, a wheelhouse with a control station for a discharge complex.

A similar design has a self-propelled hovercraft platform for operation in arctic conditions (patent RU No. 2302354 C1, 07/10/2007 [4], in which the supporting casing of the platform on an air cushion (PVP) is made in the form of a pontoon. Its upper surface is a cargo deck with PVP is equipped with an additional discharge complex, propulsion systems having main engines with drives and variable-pitch aircraft propellers in nozzles, and auxiliary gas turbine engines for starting main engines, as well as the control system for the main engines of the propulsion and injection complexes of the airbag, the fuel system, the fire system and the control system as a whole, the control posts of which are located in the wheelhouse. The propulsion systems are located on the cargo deck in the aft part of the PVP and are a centrifugal system air blowers located on the same axis and have the same drive as propulsion systems. The PVP steering complex consists of aerodynamic rudders vertically located behind the air-propelled thrusters and installed airborne thrusters installed in the bow of the PVP nose, in communication with the flexible fence receiver. The drives of propulsion and injection systems used aviation gas turbine engines of the TVZ type. The technical result of this technical solution is the creation of environmentally friendly PVP simplified design with reduced costs for its manufacture and operation. However, the known device also has insufficient controllability, and therefore the safety of its operation is reduced.

There is also a technical solution in which the technical result from its implementation is to increase the safety of the operation of the hovercraft by ensuring its sufficient controllability (patent RU No. 2097231 C1, 11.27.1997 [5]).

In this case, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the hovercraft has a hull, propulsion and pressure units, as well as a fence for the air cushion area with bow and stern movable elements, with side skegs and a middle skeg that sections the air cushion area on the left and right separate chambers, the discharge unit is made with a steering device that controls the discharge of air into the said chambers. In addition, in such a vessel, the steering device can be made with controlled dampers located in the discharge unit. Along with this, it is advisable for such a vessel to have a discharge installation with controlled dampers in the bow of the hull in front of the center of mass of the vessel.

However, along with the advantage of the known hovercraft, which is to increase the safety of the operation of the hovercraft by ensuring its sufficient controllability, the known hovercraft has limitations on its use. Indeed, during the movement of such a vessel over a water or even solid surface, such as ice, all its advantages are preserved: speed, maneuverability, amphibiousness. However, the use of such a vessel in a swampy area with high bumps protruding from the water, in an area with thickets of shrubs or over hummock ice and snow-capped sediments, as well as sand and earthen hills, is practically impossible.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to expand the functionality of the known hovercraft.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the hovercraft, containing the hull, propulsion and pressure installations, as well as the fence area of the air cushion with bow and stern movable elements, with side skegs and a middle skeg, sectioning the air cushion area on the left and right separate chambers, the blower is made with a steering device that regulates the injection of air into the said chambers, unlike the prototype [5], the side skegs and the middle skeg are made of two buildings each d, in each cavity between the two bodies mounted retractable rotary movers.

The scheme of the proposed hovercraft is represented by drawings (figures 1-4).

Figure 1 - diagram of a hovercraft, side view;

Figure 2 is a view along arrow A in figure 1;

Figure 3 is a view along arrow B in figure 1;

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 1.

The hovercraft contains a hull 1, as well as a propulsion 2 and a discharge 3 installation (figure 1).

As in the prototype [5], bow 4 and stern 5 movable fencing elements are attached to the housing 1, as well as its two side skegs 6 and the middle skeg 7, sectioning the air cushion area on the left and right separate chambers 8 (Fig.2-3 )

The discharge unit 3 is made with a steering device that controls the injection of air into these chambers 8. The steering unit is equipped with controlled dampers 9 located inside the discharge unit 3 (Fig. 4).

Installation 3 with shutters 9 can be located in the bow of the vessel in front of its center of mass (ts.m.).

The operation of the hovercraft is as follows.

In the parking lot, this vessel rests on skegs 6 and skeg 7. For the forward movement of the ship, the units 2 and 3 are driven. When the blower unit 3 is operated inside the volume limited by the movable elements 4 and 5, side skegs 6 and the supporting surface of the screen, an excess static air cushion pressure and the ship hovering above the supporting surface. Propulsion system 2 drives the ship in translational motion by creating traction.

The hovercraft is controlled by means of a steering device, which allows controlling the air injection into the airbag chambers in such a way that, when turning left, the pressure into the left chamber 8 decreases, and when turning right, the pressure into the right chamber 8 decreases. by touching the supporting surface with the side skeg 6. The resistance force acting on the skeg 6 in contact with the supporting surface creates a moment that turns the vessel relatively vertically axis. The lateral force caused by the drift angle and the inclination to the inner side when turning, allows you to control the course of the vessel. Simultaneously with a decrease in air injection into the chamber 8, located on the side of the turn, the air injection into the opposite chamber 8 is increased. At the same time, an increased angle of heel is achieved and the lateral force increases due to the difference in the air injection into both chambers 8 acting on the vessel when it is controlled.

During operation of the steering device, the air injection into the chambers 8 is controlled by deflecting the dampers 9 of the steering device, blocking the air supply to the chamber 8 of one side and allowing to increase the air supply to the chamber 8 of the other side. As a result of the rotation of the air flow supplied to the air cushion area, lateral control force is realized on the dampers and on a part of the inner surface of the installation 3. The discharge unit 3 is located in the bow, and the point of application of this force is in front of the center of mass of the vessel, which ensures the creation of an appropriate tipping moment.

When controlling a hovercraft, the complex of the listed forces and moments due to the operation of the steering device of the vessel ensures the efficiency and safety of maneuvering it in the air cushion driving mode.

Braking of such a vessel is carried out by increasing the resistance to the movement of the vessel, acting on the skegs 6 and 7, while reducing the air supply to both chambers 8 and reversing the thrust of the propulsion system 2.

Unlike the prototype [5], the side skegs 6 and the middle skeg 7 are made of two bodies 10 and 11 each, in each cavity 12 formed by the bodies 10 and 11 retractable rotary propulsors 13 are installed.

Inside the rotors there is air or polystyrene, which provides partial or even full (depending on the design) buoyancy in impassable wetlands.

The proposed hovercraft equipped with a rotary mover will be able to navigate in deep snow, and on ice, and on swampy soils. Such a vehicle can be used both for delivering goods and people to hard-to-reach areas off-road, and as a supporting platform for working equipment, for example, an ice-cutting installation.

The invention can be used to create hovercraft intended for movement on the water surface of the water area, as well as having amphibious qualities and able to move on snow, ice and dirt surfaces.

Information sources

1. Sat Shipbuilding abroad. No. 3 (135), L., Shipbuilding, 1978, p. 12, Fig. 7.

2. Patent RU No. 2154586 C1, 08/20/2000.

3. US patent No. 3106260 A, 08/10/1963.

4. Patent RU No. 2302354 C1, 07/10/2007.

5. Patent RU No. 2097231 C1, 11.27.1997.

Claims (1)

An air cushion vessel comprising a hull, propulsion and pressure installations, as well as a fence for the air cushion area with bow and stern movable elements, with side skegs and a middle skeg, partitioning the air cushion region into left and right separate chambers, the discharge installation is made with a steering device regulating air injection into said chambers, characterized in that the side skegs and the middle skeg are made of two buildings each, in each cavity between two buildings retractable rotary propellers.

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