RU2546984C1 - Perforation glasses for cataracts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: glasses comprise a rim and perforated screens. In the centre area of the screen there are four pairs of holes, wherein each pair consists of a set of circular holes arranged at a certain distance from each other on a horizontal axis and combined by narrow slits. Geometric dimensions of the holes of each pair uniformly decrease towards the lower pair of holes. The screens can be made of grey- or green-coloured semitransparent organic material. Both surfaces of the screens can be flat or curved. The glasses provide smooth increase in optical power towards the lower row of holes, which enables the user to select the most comfortable focal distance for reading or working.

EFFECT: high resolution and faster adaptation for people with eye cataracts.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of ophthalmology, in particular for improving the vision of people suffering from cataracts. An eye disease such as cataracts results from degradation of the lens of the eye. This eye disease is accompanied by a change in the structure of the eye and a clouding of the lens of the eye and, as a result, a gradual deterioration of vision and ultimately blindness. The reasons that contribute to the appearance and development of cataracts can be different, namely: from mechanical trauma to the eye, genetic predisposition, microwave irradiation, radiation, age, etc.

The intraocular factors of the initial stage of cataracts are physico-chemical changes in the structure of the lens body, which are characterized by a change in the density of the lens body due to an increase and growth of peripheral fibers, and a deterioration in intraocular metabolism.

The lens of the human eye differs from other tissues in that as new cells grow, its old cells (fibers) do not tear away, because this is prevented by the capsule. As a result of the increase in the peripheral fibers of the lens and their growth, a suppression of the fibers located near the center occurs, which results in point and somewhat curved seals. Thus, in the body of the lens, one, then the second, etc. curved areas with varying degrees of compaction. As a result of this, several optical zones (pseudo-lenses) with their optical properties are formed in the lens body. Moreover, each optical zone has its own deformed state, the axial direction in the body of the lens and the focal length. In this case, each optical zone of the degrading lens is capable of projecting on the retina its own image of the visible object in different places of the macula. How many degrading lenses currently have pseudo-lenses, so many projections of the observed object will be on the retina. The optic nerve transmits this information to the human brain, in which an idea of the observed object is formed. As a result, a person suffering from cataracts of even one eye sees a distant object blurry, without the borders of color transitions, and the general appearance of the object takes on a grayish tint. Close objects are also presented without clear boundaries with an indefinite color. Reducing the vagueness of the image of an object and maintaining an acceptable color scheme for any form of cataract is possible only by reducing the number of images formed on the retina displaced relative to each other, due to the restriction of the reflected flux of light that carries this image and enters the patient with cataracts. There is currently no specific medical treatment for cataracts, even at the initial stage, and yet, not every cataract patient is psychologically ready for a cardinal treatment with ultrasonic phacoemulsification, i.e. to remove the diseased lens and replace it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Based on the fact that the process of degradation of the lens of the eye is quite long in time (usually lasts for years), the proposed technical solution will help people suffering from cataracts to maintain an acceptable lifestyle and performance until the only correct decision is made, namely: to replace a diseased lens of the eye on the IOL. A person with eye cataracts experiences great discomfort in everyday life.

Special perforation, diffraction glasses, spectral lenses, raster screens of relaxation glasses, for photoprotection, correction of visual acuity, prevention and treatment of eye diseases are known. The principle of operation of these glasses is based on the known laws of physics - refraction, diaphragm and interference of the light flux. Simply put, when viewing an object through a small hole, the depth of field increases significantly and image clarity increases due to an increase in focal length. Due to the diaphragm with such small openings of the light flux, the focal length increases and, as a result, the depth of field of the image on the retina increases. Usually these glasses are a frame in which two opaque masks with rows of holes or diaphragms are in place of the lenses. Or it’s glasses with light filters. Usually these glasses are recommended to wear to relieve eye fatigue.

The proposed technical solutions are known in the description of the patent for the invention according to the application No. 98117657/14 from 09.24.1998, "Glasses for increasing visual acuity (options)" authors Lyalin A.N. and others. In the variants presented by the authors, there are lenses made of transparent material for the entire spectrum of visible light, while a photoprotective layer is applied to the lenses, and holes are made in the central zone of the lens in the form of round holes with a diameter of d = 1-3 mm or slit-like holes one size, not filled with a photoprotective layer. A variant of the use of lenses in the form of nozzles for corrective glasses is presented. The claimed options for such glasses have a number of significant drawbacks:

- Examples of lenses for glasses with round holes have been known for a long time. Moreover, the total visible area of the holes is less than the area of the opaque portions of the hole screens. Therefore, neither reading nor writing with such glasses is inconvenient, since the presence of partitions prevents this;

- there is no specific description of the applied filters;

- and most importantly, no explanation has been given, due to which processes or properties, the proposed options for glasses prevent and slow dystrophic processes in the retina or cataract. Retinal dystrophy is an intraocular problem when the cones of the center of the retina degenerate into scar tissue and the process of image transmission fades, or the degradation of the eyeball that has begun. In some eye diseases, the vitreous body of the eyeball changes, becomes cloudy with dense cords, decreases in volume as a result of abnormal eye growth. With the movements of the eyeball, the altered vitreous body, which maintains a strong connection with the retina, causes traction of the retina, leading to its rupture and the subsequent formation of retinal detachment, etc. The main causes of retinal detachment can be trauma and myopia, as well as with diabetic retinopathy, intraocular tumors, and dystrophy of the retina. Retinal detachment cannot be cured by any drops, tablets or injections. Retinal detachment requires urgent surgery, which is the only way to restore vision and save the eye. The earlier the operation is performed, the more chances are there to regain vision. As for cataracts, this disease is currently only treated surgically.

A laser device of the LaserVision company is known for preoperative cataract patients, containing a frame in which an opaque mask is inserted, a horizontal transparent section crosses the mask at the eye level, below which there is a mask section with a system of circular, discrete transparent holes with diameters from 0.5 to 1 , 2 mm. The location of the transparent areas is such that their total aperture increases in those areas of the mask that correspond to a greater distance from the eye to the mask and a greater angular deviation from the front line of sight (US patent No. 4249803, G02C 7/16, publ. 10.02.81). The disadvantage of this device is the location of the holes only in the lower part of the mask and the underestimated diameter of the round hole of 0.5 mm. Glasses require individual selection for each patient and have low protective properties.

Known glasses containing frames and opaque perforated screens. Perforation is made in the form of ellipses with a ratio of a smaller diameter to a larger diameter from 0.8 to 0.1. The major axis of the ellipses is oriented at different angles with respect to the vertical axis. The screens themselves can be applied to diopter or flat glass. Screens can also be used in combination with filters. When using glasses for people with refractive errors, the clarity ("sharpness") of the image of the observed objects increases. Depth of field significantly increased. Fatigue is reduced during visual stress or in high-light conditions. UV rays that are hazardous to their state are prevented from reaching the retina. Glasses also protect against dust and small foreign bodies, see the description of "Glasses", patent RU 2102045, 1998, authors: Anisimov S.I., Bagrov S.N., Odintsov S.L., Scherbakov A.N. The disadvantages of such glasses are the presence of visible chaotic partitions and the need for individual selection of diopter glasses, as well as a relatively long adaptation time (10 min).

Known glasses, selected as a prototype, containing a frame with perforated screens, transparent perforation of which is made in the form of randomly oriented narrow slots. Narrow gaps intersect, and one of the sizes of narrow gaps is within 0.2 ... 1.3 mm. The perforation of the holes can be performed on an opaque background, on a partially transparent background, or can be made through. Glasses can be equipped with flat glasses with perforated screens made on them. The minimum distance between the edges of narrow slots is 2 mm. However, such glasses of original design also have a common drawback in the presence of a visible mosaic grid and a flat lens screen, which reduces the quality of peripheral vision. In addition, it is not clear how the eyeball independently selects the necessary holes in the glasses screens without specifying the central nervous system, see patent RU 2176809, author M. Merezhkov

A person with cataracts is most often bothered by presbyopia - when it becomes difficult for the eyes to focus on a close, small object.

The present invention solves the problem of creating glasses with high resolution by improving the optical properties of the screens, as well as reducing the adaptation time for people suffering from eye cataracts.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the screens of the glasses are made of translucent organic material of gray or green color, and increased visual acuity is achieved by perforating the screens of glasses of a special kind with holes. Four pairs of a special kind of holes are made in the central area of the glasses screen. Each hole of the pair consists of a set of round holes located relative to each other at a certain distance on the horizontal axis, united by narrow slotted holes. In this case, the geometric dimensions of the holes of each pair are uniformly reduced to the lower pair of holes. In the second embodiment, the openings in the screens of the glasses can be made similar to the first embodiment, except that the lower half of the original hole is symmetrically offset from its upper axis along its horizontal axis. Thus, the glasses screens have four pairs of through holes, in which each pair of holes has its own specific geometric dimensions, both for the diameter of the round holes and the size for the slotted holes. As a result of such perforation, the glasses screens have four zones of different refraction - for a large distance (the upper two pairs of holes) and for a small one (lower two pairs of holes), between which two intermediate optical zones are located. The upper part of the perforation glasses serves to consider relatively distant objects, and the lower part is for reading, which allows a person with a cataract to use one glasses in different situations.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In FIG. Figure 1 shows glasses with screens in which through holes are made in the form of a set of a series of round holes located relative to each other at a certain distance H on a horizontal axis, joined by narrow slotted holes of height L. Moreover, the diameter of the circular hole D is always greater than the height of the slotted hole L. The shape of the through holes for each pair is the same, as well as their geometric dimensions, except that the geometric dimensions of each next pair of holes smoothly decrease to the bottom row of holes. The shape of the glasses screens can be either convex or flat. For advanced cataracts of the eyes, the convex shape of the eyeglass screens is preferable to a flat one, especially on the peripheral region of the screens, where concentrated light rays refract it more and carry more light energy that enters the degrading lens of the eye. This is important for creating a clear display of visible objects. Therefore, the right to choose the form of screens in glasses depends on the state of vision and remains with the patient with cataracts of the eyes.

In FIG. 2 shows a possible variant of the perforation of the glasses screens, in which the holes are made similar to the first embodiment, except that the lower half of the original hole, along the horizontal optical axis, is symmetrically offset from the upper half of the hole.

It is also possible to supplement each pair of holes to the third hole.

Glasses screens with a set of such original holes can have a rectangular or round shape. Approximate screen sizes can be: width A = 55 mm, height B = 38 mm. The surface of the screens is convex.

In FIG. 1 shows the digital designations of the pairs of original holes and the letter designations of the geometric dimensions of the main elements of the holes, which are given in the table. The geometric dimensions of the holes in the glasses screens and the distance between the through holes of a possible embodiment of FIG. 2 correspond to the geometric dimensions of the main view of the screen, shown in FIG. 1. The table below shows the geometric dimensions of the original holes located in height in the central area of the glasses screen.

A distinctive feature of the proposed perforation glasses for people with cataracts of the eyes is that the first form of through holes in the glasses screens on a horizontal line allows you to simultaneously combine the optical effect of a narrow slit hole and the optical effect of a round hole. This combination of holes in the glasses screens enhances their overall optical effect. The openings in the glasses screens in the form of narrow slits form a kind of transmission grating. The effect of such a lattice is expressed in blocking part of the light waves reflected from objects, and thereby reducing the formation of short-focus images on the retina of the eye and amplification of the resulting wave, which is the envelope of the secondary waves taking into account their interference with each other. These waves pass through the openings of the screens and form the maximum intensity of the image of the object on the retina. Round holes reduce the total luminous flux entering the diseased lens of the eye, which has several curved optical zones, as a result of which the number of images of the object on the retina of the eye decreases. In addition, round holes significantly increase the depth of field and increase the clarity of the image by increasing the focal length, which ultimately allows you to create a clearer display of the visible object. Thus, round and slotted holes increase the focal length of the optical system of the eyes. Semicircular openings have similar properties to round ones. The cataract glasses proposed by the invention have four zones of optical action with a stepwise change in refraction. Due to the geometric dimensions of the four pairs of holes in the glasses screens, the perforated glasses indicated in the table allow for a smooth increase in optical power from the upper row of holes to the lower row. It should be recalled that degradation of the lens of the human eye enhances myopia (myopia), which reduces the focal length of the optical system of the eye. Therefore, the enhanced optical properties of the glasses by increasing the focal length allow the user, depending on the state of vision during cataracts, to choose the most convenient focal length for reading or working. So, for example, the lower narrowest openings are designed for writing and reading text in small print.

The technical result of the invention are: a combination of height-changing holes in the glasses screens enhances their overall optical effect, which improves vision. Such a configuration of the glasses screens provides an improvement in visual acuity by 40% at a distance of up to 50 cm.The quality of vision of a person with cataracts of the eyes is also improved by increasing the viewing angle of the convex shape of the screens and the absence of visible perpendicular partitions that allow more than 2 lines of text to be seen freely and completely. This is achieved due to the fact that the area of the perforated holes in the glasses screens is larger than the translucent sections. The presented glasses make it possible to clearly see objects at a certain distance. The claimed points can be used to correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, can also be prescribed for age-related weakening of accommodation (presbyopia).

Wearing declared points: in the daytime at the discretion of the user.

The manufactured test pair of glasses passed a preliminary test on a sick patient with cataracts in both eyes and a patient with cataracts in the left eye. Patients confirmed the claimed quality of glasses for cataracts. These qualities of glasses reduce the time of adaptation and weaken the person’s feeling of inconvenience when using such glasses for a short time. What specific form of screens to choose depends on the parameters of vision, lifestyle, and so on.

Perforation glasses are made of translucent organic materials CR-3, polycarbonate, Trivex. The color of the screens may be gray or green, which do not irritate the eyes. The inventors entrust the glasses with a solution to an important problem, namely: when a cataract patient cannot overcome reading on the bottom pair of screen openings, then a decision will be made on surgical treatment. And also the fact that each ophthalmological laboratory, clinic departments, etc. will have glasses for cataracts of the eyes, with the help of which it will be possible to conduct visual diagnostics and systematic observation of patients with cataracts of the eyes and inspire hope for patients not to lose their vision. As a result of the use of perforation glasses for people suffering from cataracts, psychological stability is increased, vision is temporarily improved, eye protection and eye muscle training are carried out.

Information sources

1. S.N. Basinsky, E.A. Egorov. Clinical lectures on ophthalmology. Ed. GEOTAR - Media, 2007

2. Rosenblum Yu.Z., Dyadina U.V. Perforation glasses - myths and reality. Veko, 1996, No. 3.

3. Application EPO No. 0189331, 1986.

4. US Patent No. 4,249,803, 1981.

5. RF patent No. 2102045, 1998.

6. RF patent №2189802, authors Merezhkov MI, Kossova G.V.

Claims (3)

1. Glasses containing a frame and perforated screens, characterized in that in the Central area of the glasses screen there are four pairs of holes, in which each pair consists of a set of round holes located relative to each other at a certain distance on the horizontal axis, united by narrow slotted holes, while the geometric dimensions of the holes of each pair are uniformly reduced to the lower pair of holes. 2. Glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the screens of the glasses are made of translucent organic material of gray or green color. 3. Glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that both surfaces of the screens can be made flat or convex.

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