RU2546723C2 - Apparatus for electrochemical water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrochemical water purification apparatus. The apparatus comprises one or more devices for electrochemical water purification with insoluble or soluble electrodes, one or more magnets, an electric power source and a control unit. The apparatus is further provided with one or more built-in or self-contained electric current generators with frequency of up to 1.7×10¹⁵ Hz, located on the same or different sides of the apparatus for electrochemical water purification, wherein at least one electric current generator and the magnet mounted in the apparatus are capable of vibrating and/or rotating. The apparatus is further provided with electrodes configured to generate charge of the same sign, only positive or only negative.

EFFECT: high quality of water purification and low content of free radicals in the water.

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Description

The inventive device relates to devices for electrochemical treatment of water and aqueous solutions and can be used in various industries.

A device is known (RF patent 36824-utility model, RF patent 2043308, French patent 128405) for electrochemical processing, magnetization, filtering of the processed liquid and mechanical removal of coagulant flakes from it. A device for electrochemical water treatment, USSR author's certificate 1165639, using a package of soluble aluminum electrodes, with a periodic change in polarity simultaneously in flowing and non-flowing mode. These devices effectively coagulate impurities and remove them from the liquid, but they do not neutralize free radicals in the liquid and are not efficient enough.

A device for electrochemical water treatment is known, RF patent 2043308, in which a packet of parallel soluble electrodes and a device for mixing a conductive object and filters for filtering after the formation of large coagulant flakes are installed. This device improves the consumer properties of water, but it does not neutralize free radicals and does not deionize water and aqueous solutions.

Known devices and methods for purifying and disinfecting water, including waters of industrial discharge and water supply using electrochemical processes: electrolytic treatment, electroflotation, electrophoresis, electrocoagulation [M.G. Granovsky et al. Electrical processing of liquids. Ed. Chemistry. Leningrad. 1976; patents: Switzerland 400924, England 11193339, USA 30101886 and 3340175; Vozhov L.E. and others. Improvement of environments by electric methods. Proceedings of the LISI, No. 75. 1973], in which for the treatment of liquids using constant and variable electric currents horizontal and / or vertical electrodes are mounted, having various configurations: flat, pyramidal, mesh, etc., and from various materials, and with which various electric field gradients are created, mainly in the range of 300 - 1500 kV / m. Moreover, in a number of these devices, devices are also additionally installed for applying ultrasonic and light ultraviolet treatment, purging a liquid with air to convert metal ions released from soluble metal electrodes into solid insoluble compounds. These devices sufficiently clean and disinfect liquids, but do not sufficiently reduce the excess of free radicals and weakly carry out deionization of water and aqueous solutions. A device for the electrochemical treatment of drinking water and aqueous solutions is known, the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation 2398742 is a prototype, which is equipped with a power supply and control unit, electrodes, incl. with soluble anode, on / off light indication and sound alarm unit. This device is more effective for water purification than other known devices. However, it, like other known devices, is not effective for reducing the content of free radicals in water and aqueous solutions, and is also not efficient enough.

The aim of the invention is a device that not only carries out electrochemical purification, but also provides at least one of the following technical results: increasing the efficiency and productivity of electrochemical purification of water and aqueous solutions, and also reduces the content of free radicals in them and reduces the electron deficiency - new risk factor for human health [Yu.A. Rakhmanin, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and others. A new risk factor for human health is the deficit of electrons in the environment. Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Institute of Ecology and Civil Engineering A.N. Sysina Ministry of Health and Social Development Poccuu. Stekhin - aa@mail.ru]

The goal and technical result is achieved by the fact that the device consists of a set of devices and mechanisms, due to which the claimed device acts on the processed fluid with a large number of physical factors, i.e. operates more comprehensively than known devices, and consists of the following (Fig. 1-4, schematic diagrams for explaining the design and operation of the claimed device):

- One or more known devices 1 for the electrochemical treatment of water or aqueous solutions with insoluble and / or soluble electrodes, for example, according to RF patents 2398742 or 2235057.

- At least one remote or built-in electrochemical cleaning device 3 electric current generator with a frequency of up to 1.7 × 10 ¹⁵ Hz, located on one or different sides of the device and connected to at least one electrode 4, installed inside the device and in contact with the filled into it with water or an aqueous solution. Generator 3 is intended to create at one time on this electrode 4 an electric charge of only minus or only plus. These electrodes can be additionally installed and / or their function can be performed by electrodes that are designed to carry out the process of electrochemical cleaning, because during electrochemical cleaning at least two differently charged electrodes are always used, i.e. plus and minus, which before, after and during the termination of the electrochemical cleaning process are turned off and have no charge. Therefore, there is no problem at least on one electrode to create a charge only plus or only minus.

- At least one drive for vibration and / or rotation of the electrodes and / or magnets mounted in the device, which are especially necessary for the electrochemical treatment of water in large containers and / or viscous solutions.

The prior art devices for electrochemical water purification and aqueous solutions have not identified solutions that have a set of the above features and technical results that match the distinctive features and technical results of the claimed device. Therefore, according to the authors, the claimed device meets the level of invention.

In examples 1-4 are various options for the claimed device from the many possible other options, as well as a description of their work. In FIG. 1-4 are shown for explanation of the schematic diagrams of various options for the claimed device.

Example 1, FIG. one.

The device consists of the following:

- At least one known device 1 with a set of electrodes 4 for electrochemical cleaning, for example, according to patents for inventions 36824 (utility model) and 2398742, which includes a power supply and control 2, a set of electrodes 4 (with a soluble anode containing aluminum) creating an electric current for electrochemical cleaning with a voltage of 12-36 V and with an oscillation frequency of 3-12 Hz; capacity for 6.0 liters of water or aqueous solution; a device for removing sludge and filtering water; funnel with a magnet of 1500 E.

- At least one remote installed on one side of the device for electrochemical cleaning of the generator 3 of an electric current with a frequency of up to 1.7 × 10 ¹⁵ Hz, connected to at least one electrode 4 with the possibility of creating a charge on it only plus or only minus. The frequency is assigned depending on the specific task.

The device when treating water clogged with dispersed insoluble particles of organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms, works as follows.

Through a funnel containing a magnet with a hole, 6 liters of water are poured into the water tank and a direct current is supplied to the electrodes 4, including with a soluble anode, a power and control source 2, and an electrochemical cleaning process takes place. After maturation of the flakes of the coagulant, the electrodes 4 are disconnected from the power supply, and the flakes of the coagulant float and are removed (see patent 2398742 or 36824). Then, to neutralize in water the excess aluminum ions that are released from the anode during electrochemical cleaning, an electric current generator 3 is turned on, which creates a negative charge on at least one electrode 4.

From a negatively charged electrode, electrons flow into water and thereafter, they neutralize aluminum ions and other ions. In this case, not only at least one electrode 4 used for electrochemical cleaning can be used, but also at least one independent electrode (in Fig. 2, 1 such electrode is conventionally shown).

As a result, a technical result is achieved: water purification, neutralization of free radicals and reduction of electron deficiency in water.

Example 2, FIG. 2.

The same device as in example 1, and it works in the same way as in example 1, but in contrast to it, processing in it is carried out in a larger capacity of 0.5 m3 than in example 1. and household sewage (i.e. aqueous solutions) that are highly contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, containing soluble and insoluble components; remote two generators 3 are mounted on the device from different sides, connected to independent electrodes 4. In this case, the generator 3 is turned on before the start of the electrochemical cleaning process. Using a generator 3 on the electrodes 4 creates a negative charge. From the electrodes 4, electrons flow into the aqueous solution in the form of an electric current with a frequency of up to 1.7 × 10 ¹⁵ Hz. Moving charges (electrons), as you know, excite an electromagnetic field that also oscillates with a frequency of up to 1.7 × 10 ¹⁵ Hz (zone of ultraviolet short-wave radiation), which leads to the death of some pathogenic microorganisms [Pirtskhalava TG Experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of resonant-frequency programs for microorganisms and parasites using IMEDIS devices. Abstracts and reports of the X International Conference "Theoretical and clinical aspects of the use of bioresonance and multiresonant therapy", part I. IMEDIS. Moscow. 2004; p. 361-367].

Then, after the death of microorganisms, device 1 carries out electrochemical water purification using insoluble and soluble electrodes, similarly as in example No. 1. Such a device has an increased performance of electrochemical cleaning due to the following:

It is known that a bacterial cell behaves as an amphoteric electrolyte due to the amino acids that make up the bacterial protein. Therefore, the dissociation of certain groups in the protein structure allows each protein particle to manifest itself as an acid and as a base. During dissociation of the carboxyl group, the formation of hydrogen protons occurs, the protein acquires an acidic character, and in the electric field the bacterium moves to the anode. In turn, the amino group (-NH ₂ ), attaching hydrogen protons, gives the protein an alkaline character and causes the movement of bacteria to the cathode. In addition, it is known that a double electric layer is formed around the bacterium and during the electrolytic cleaning, the bacteria are recharged as a result of a change in the pH of the surrounding liquid medium. As a result of this, clogging of the electrodes occurs, the speed of the electrochemical cleaning process decreases, which leads to the need to clean the electrodes: by bubbling air and / or a periodic change in the signs of charges on the electrodes, or / and the use of means for mechanical cleaning [M. Granovsky et al. Electrical processing of liquids. Ed. "Chemistry", Leningrad branch. 1976. Leningrad; under. Edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences I.S. Lavrova (the book is intended for scientific and scientific-technical workers of various industries, pp. 49-55].

As a result, the claimed technical result is achieved: increasing productivity and quality, including increasing the degree of purification from microorganisms, electrochemical purification of water or aqueous solutions.

Example 3, FIG. 3.

The claimed device is the same device, and it works the same as in example 1 or 2, but instead of a capacity of 6.0 liters or 0.5 cubic meters. water applied even larger capacity of 5 cubic meters. for water or aqueous solutions; two generators 3 are installed on different sides, generating an electric current with a frequency of up to 1.7 × 10 ¹⁵ Hz and two electrodes 4 connected to the generators 4 (depending on the required quality of cleaning, volume of the tank and degree of pollution of water or aqueous solutions, the number of generators or / and electrodes may be more than two).

The cleaning in this device of viscous highly contaminated aqueous solutions, for example, domestic wastewater from residential buildings or cattle farms, is carried out in the same way as in examples 1 and 2, but at the end of the electrochemical cleaning process, only minus or only plus is created on the electrodes 4 of the electric charge. Due to this, an effective deionization of the aqueous solution occurs and its quality improves in the form of a decrease in the content of free radicals and ion radicals in it.

Example 4, FIG. four.

The claimed device is the same in design and works the same as the device according to one of examples 1, 2, 3, but for electrochemical cleaning of heavily contaminated water and aqueous solutions, at least one drive for vibration and / or rotation is not installed in the device less than one electrode 4 connected to a generator 3 or / and magnet 5 integrated in the device. FIG. 4 all of the above is shown conditionally in one copy.

Due to the increase in convection flows of water or aqueous solutions due to vibration and / or rotation, clogging of the electrodes decreases, the speed of electrochemical processing, especially viscous and highly contaminated aqueous solutions and water, increases, which, in turn, increases the quality and productivity of cleaning, and also increases the efficiency neutralization of free radicals and more effectively reduces the deficit of electrons due to their more uniform and intense distribution in water or aqueous solutions.

Claims (1)

A device for electrochemical water treatment, containing one or more devices for electrochemical water treatment with insoluble or soluble electrodes, one or more magnets, a power supply and control, characterized in that the device is additionally equipped with one or more internal or external electric current generators with a frequency of up to 1 7 × October ¹⁵ Hz, disposed on one or different sides of the device for electrochemical treatment of water, wherein the at least one generator of electric current and Mount the anny a magnet device adapted to vibrate and / or rotation, the device is further provided with electrodes adapted to create on them the charge of the same sign, only plus or minus only.

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