RU2398742C2 - Device for electrochemical purification of drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for electrochemical purification of drinking water and can be used at home for post-treatment of tap water, as well as for purification of natural water and bringing physical and chemical, sanitary and epidemiological and orgnoleptic properties to drinking water requirements. The device for electrochemical purification of water has a power supply which converts ac voltage to dc voltage, a reactor container inside of which there is a packet of electrodes with an aluminium based soluble anode, as well as a movable inverted cone inside the said container, and a filter container with a filter element. In the lower part of the reactor container there is a packet of electrodes with an insoluble anode which is parallel the packet of electrodes with a soluble anode. The power supply is also fitted with a frequency divider unit for supplying voltage with frequency of 12±1 Hz and 3±1 Hz to the packet of electrodes with a soluble anode, a unit for switching dc supply voltage from the packet of electrodes with a soluble anode to the packet of electrodes with an insoluble anode, a unit for on/off switching the indicating light unit and audible signalling unit.

EFFECT: more efficient water purification and improved sanitary and epidemiological, physical and chemical and organoleptic properties.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The proposed device relates to the field of drinking water supply, specifically to devices for the electrochemical treatment of drinking water, and can be used in domestic conditions for the purification of tap water, as well as for the purification of natural waters and bringing the physicochemical, sanitary-epidemiological and organoleptic properties to compliance with the requirements, presented to drinking water.

Electrochemical methods allow the most effective purification of water from anthropogenic impurities (Miklashevsky N.V., Korolkova S.V. Pure water. Purification systems and household filters. St. Petersburg: VHV-Saint Petersburg, publishing group Arlit, 2000, p. .154).

A device is known that implements the method of electrochemical purification of drinking water according to patent RV 2043308, which contains a container in which a packet of electrodes with a soluble anode is placed, as well as a container with a filter element. The device also contains a power and control source with a step-down transformer and a rectifier connected to the AC network and to the electrodes of the device.

It is also known a device for electrochemical purification of drinking water according to patent No. 2180322, containing a power source, a reactor vessel with a soluble electrode package located in it and a movable inverse cone installed in its cavity, and a filter vessel with a filter element, and at the bottom in the reactor vessel parallel to the package soluble electrodes is a package of electrodes with an insoluble anode, and the power source converts AC voltage to DC voltage.

The specified device according to patent No. 2180322 for the maximum number of similar essential features (a container with a package of electrodes with a soluble anode, a container with a filter element, an easily removable reverse cone) is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the device selected for the prototype are the low efficiency of removing sludge collected at the neck of the container with the electrode package, getting excess sludge remaining in the reactor vessel to the filter element and a significant reduction in the resource of the filter element before regeneration, quick passivation (after 40-60 inclusions) of the soluble electrode.

The purpose of this technical solution is to increase the efficiency of removing sludge from the reactor vessel and, as a result, improve the operational characteristics of the device (accelerate the electroflotocoagulation process, ensure effective flotation of flocs of the formed coagulant, increase the life of soluble electrodes due to the “inhibition” of the process of their passivation, increase the filter life element, as well as the qualitative improvement of physico-chemical, sanitary-epidemiological and organoleptic properties characteristics in the treated water).

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that in the lower part of the tank containing a package of electrodes with a soluble anode under this package, a package of electrodes with an insoluble anode is installed.

The power supply and control unit is additionally equipped with a frequency divider block for supplying a voltage of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz or 3 Hz ± 1 Hz to a package of electrodes with a soluble anode and is equipped with a power supply switching unit from a package of electrodes with a soluble anode based on aluminum alloys operating only in the electrocoagulation mode, on a package of electrodes with an insoluble anode, which is a titanium plate or a stainless steel plate with ruthenium oxide deposited on the surface, or a titanium plate, on ylennuyu platinum or graphite plate and so forth., upon completion of the electrocoagulation plug and working mode for the calculated time.

The introduction of signs as claimed not only accelerates, but also significantly enhances the process of electroflotation, because Due to the operation of the package of electrodes with an insoluble anode, the concentration of finely dispersed gas bubbles (mainly electrolytic hydrogen) resulting from electrolysis, which are the working body of the electroflotation process, sharply increases. This contributes to the depassivation of the soluble electrode (N.A. Izgaryshev, S.V. Gorbachev. The course of theoretical electrochemistry. M., - L .: Goskhimizdat. 1951. Passivity of metals. S.423-440), rapid and concentrated flotation formed in the process electrocoagulation of the coagulant to the surface, an increase in the density of the coagulant on the surface of the container with electrodes, which, in turn, contributes to its high-quality removal.

“... with the help of the smallest gas bubbles, almost all finely dispersed substances, heavy metal hydroxides, polymers, fats, oil products, latexes, organic synthesis products, surfactants, etc. are floated” (Flotation methods in water treatment technology and application experiments. Baku. AzNIINTI, 1990, p.2).

The power and control source is equipped with a frequency divider unit for supplying a voltage of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz and 3 Hz ± 1 Hz to a packet of electrodes with a soluble anode when the device is in electrocoagulation mode.

The introduction of these signs as claimed allows the device to operate in the electroflotocoagulation mode to create frequency vibrations in water, which play the role of resonant vibrations that contribute to the destruction of energy centers and the decay of the structure of bacteria and viruses cells. In this case, chemical changes occur in the intracellular substance of microorganisms, bacteria, spores, fungi, their decomposition (in particular, into water and carbon dioxide) and the cessation of their activity (Shirokov VG “Resonance in Physics, Chemistry and Biology.” Izhevsk, Izd. House "Udmurd University", 1-92, 2001; Slesarev VI "Chemistry. Fundamentals of living chemistry. St. Petersburg. Himizdat, 2005).

The power and control source is equipped with a light indication switch-on unit at the time of the start of the electrocoagulation process and a light indication switch-off with the simultaneous activation of an audible alarm upon completion of the operation of the device.

From the prior art, no solutions have been identified that have features that match the distinctive features of the proposed technical solution. Therefore, we can assume that the proposed technical solution corresponds to the level of the invention.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which presents a structural diagram of the proposed device.

The proposed device, as well as the prototype, contains a power and control source, a reactor vessel 2 with an electrode package 3, a filter vessel 4 with a filter element 5 mounted with the possibility of vertical movement, having a buoyancy open from above easily removable by a cone 6 with a vertical handle 7 , and funnel 8 with a ring magnet 9.

Unlike the prototype, in the proposed device, in the lower part of the reactor vessel 2, under the electrode package with a soluble anode 3, a package of electrodes with an insoluble anode is installed (for example, a titanium plate or a stainless steel plate with ruthenium oxide deposited on the surface, or a titanium plate sprayed with platinum, or graphite plate, etc.) 10.

The power supply and control is a constant current source and is equipped with a power supply switching unit 11 from the electrode package with a soluble anode 3 to the electrode package with an insoluble anode 10, the light indication 14 on / off unit 13 and the audible alarm 12, and the frequency divider 15 supply voltage with a frequency of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz and 3 Hz ± 1 Hz per packet of electrodes with a soluble anode 3.

Device operation

From the vessel of reactor 2, a return cone 6 is removed for the vertical handle 7. A funnel 8 with an annular magnet 9 is mounted on the vessel of reactor 2 and the source water is poured into the vessel of reactor 2 to the calculated level through it. Remove the funnel 8. Turn on the power source 1 in the AC network (for example, 220 V, 50 Hz). Rectified current (12 ÷ 36 Volts) is supplied to the package of electrodes 3. Block 13 supplies power to turn on the light indication 14 about the start of the water treatment process. The cathodes of the electrode stack 3 release electrolytic hydrogen into the water, and the anode from aluminum alloys dissolves, releasing aluminum ions in an aqueous solution. Aluminum hydroxide is formed, which coagulates, sorbing harmful impurities from water, and rises (floats) in the form of flakes under the influence of electrolytic hydrogen bubbles to the surface.

At the same time, atomic oxygen is formed on the anode, which actively oxidizes organic impurities and disinfects water and, together with electrolytic hydrogen, promotes the electroflotation process.

In the electrocoagulation mode, the electrode package 3 at calculated intervals through the frequency divider 15 in series with a change in intensity and duration is supplied with a voltage of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz and 3 Hz ± 1 Hz, which sharply increases the device’s ability to disinfect water. The process, for example, is as follows. In the electrocoagulation mode, after a calculated period of time, the direct current field is terminated with the simultaneous inclusion of a field effect with a frequency of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz, after a calculated period of time, the field effect is stopped with a frequency of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz with a simultaneous resumption of the direct current field, and it is stopped after a calculated the period of time the influence of the DC field with the simultaneous inclusion of the influence of the field with a frequency of 3 Hz ± 1 Hz, stop after a calculated period of time the action of a field with a frequency of 3 Hz ± 1 Hz with the simultaneous resumption of the action of a direct current field. The sequence, intensity and duration of the fields are calculated in advance.

After the calculated time of electrocoagulation is completed, the power source 1 automatically switches off the electrode package 3 through the switching unit 11 and connects the electrode package 10. The process of active electroflotation begins.

Thin-dispersed gas bubbles (mainly electrolytic hydrogen) resulting from electrolysis with a sharply increasing concentration raise not only coagulant flakes to the surface, as occurs with the prototype device, but also almost all finely dispersed suspensions, increasing the coagulant density on the surface of reactor vessel 2, which contributes to its high-quality removal by the cone 6.

After the calculated time of active electroflotation, the power source 1 automatically turns off the package of electrodes 10 and the process of sedimentation of the treated water proceeds in the reactor vessel 2.

Since the treated water contains tiny bubbles of electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen, the settling process continues to be accompanied by flotation. As a result, almost all coagulant flakes (sludge) and fine suspensions are collected at the neck of the reactor vessel 2.

Upon completion of the sedimentation processes, unit 13 turns off the indicator light 14, connects unit 12, and turns on an audible alarm that signals the end of the cleaning process.

The return cone 6 is immersed in the reactor 2. At the same time, a certain amount of treated water is squeezed out together with the sludge and discharged into the container of the cone 6. At the end of the discharge, the return cone 6 is removed from the vessel of the reactor 2, the sludge is drained and washed with the cone 6 under running water.

Water from the tank of the reactor 2 is poured into the tank 4, where it is filtered through the filter element 5 and flows to the consumer.

To test the effectiveness of the proposed technical solutions, an experimental model was assembled on the basis of a model produced in series (“Device for electrochemical purification of drinking water” - utility model patent No. 36824).

Treated water was analyzed by the following indicators: total iron, copper, turbidity, color, hydrogen index, permanganate oxidation, nitrates, redox potential (ORP). In addition, an infected broth culture of E. coli K12F + S12-2 at a concentration of 7 · 10 ^{5 was} added artificially to the water.

Test methods meet the requirements of GOST R51232-98

Test results Iron total mg / L ref. - 0.37 arr. - 0.02 MPC - 0.3 Copper mg / L ref. - 0.79 arr. - 0.13 MPC - 1,0 Turbidity EMF / L ref. - 8.1 arr. <0.4 MPC - 2.6 Color, hail ref. - 76 arr. <3 MPC - 20 Hydrogen Index (pH) ref. - 6.0 arr. - 7.1 MPC 6.0-9.0 Permanganate oxidation, mg / l ref. - 4.29 arr. <0.25 MPC - 5.0 Nitrates, mg / L ref. - 6.8 arr. - 0.9 MPC - 45 The concentration in 1 ml of water from an infected broth culture ref. - 7 · 10 ⁵ arr. - not upd. MPC - 50 Redox potential ref. "+230" arr. "-350" - "-700" or more in absolute value Got an aqueous antioxidant ORP, millivolts

As a result of the analysis of countless ORP measurements of treated water, we obtain, irrespective of the source water (tap water, from reservoirs, wells, wells, bottled, etc.), a powerful water ANTIOXIDANT, whose ORP is “-350” - “-700” or more in absolute size with all the inherent properties of known antioxidants. The resulting water is benign, epidemiologically safe, full in salt composition, its acid-base balance is always neutral.

The results show that the introduction of the proposed technical solutions is effective, consistent with the purpose of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A device for the electrochemical purification of drinking water, containing a power source that converts AC voltage to DC voltage, a reactor vessel with an electrode package located therein with a soluble aluminum-based anode and a movable inverse cone installed in its cavity, and a filter container with a filter element, and in the lower part of the reactor vessel parallel to the packet of electrodes with a soluble anode there is a packet of electrodes with an insoluble anode, characterized in that additionally equipped with a frequency divider unit for supplying a voltage of 12 Hz ± 1 Hz and 3 Hz ± 1 Hz to a package of electrodes with a soluble anode, a unit for switching DC voltage from a package of electrodes with a soluble anode to a package of electrodes with an insoluble anode, block on-off light indication and sound alarm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the package of electrodes with an insoluble anode is located under the package of electrodes with a soluble anode.

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