RU2546038C2 - Method for heavy-weights loading-unloading on/from floating crafts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water transport and is intended for cargo loading and unloading on/from vessels. Method for heavy-weights loading-unloading on/from vessels (2) includes wharf device (7) with access ramp (8), execution of bottom sand bed in dock chamber (3) with pump station equipped with gate (4), installation of ramp between wharf and vessel for loading-unloading heavy-weights by highway freighter. To execute loading-unloading a vessel is led into dock chamber, dock gate is closed, water is pumped out of chamber until vessel is sitting on bed. The access ramp is made with side walls top edges of which coincide with top of dock chamber walls.

EFFECT: higher reliability of loading-unloading in conditions of variable water levels in water body.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water transport and is intended for loading onto ships or unloading from vessels of heavyweights by the method of "RO-RO", i.e. using auto trailers.

Known methods of loading and unloading heavyweights, including a berth and bottom sand bed, onto which a ship is lowered by ballast, a ramp is installed between the ship and the berth, by which a heavy weight is delivered from the shore to the ship or from the ship to the shore. (RF patent 2,351,526, publ. 04/10/2009. Bull. No. 10.)

A disadvantage of the known methods is the limited scope of their application. The installation of a sandy bottom bed is allowed only at constant levels in the pond. An increase in the level during the loading and unloading operations does not allow the ship to land on the bed due to the limited side height. In addition, an increase in excess of the calculated level can lead to flooding of the cordon site of the berth. Lowering the water level above a sandy bed can lead to insufficient depths when aiming the vessel on the bed. In addition, in the known methods requires the creation of the ballast system of the vessel for its immersion and landing on the bed.

The purpose of the invention is the ability to land the vessel on the bed and unload it at variable levels of water in the reservoir, as well as the possibility of eliminating the ballast system of the vessel.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the sand bed is carried out in the dock chamber, the chamber is equipped with a shutter (batoport) and a drainage system, and the berth is equipped with a ramp; for loading and unloading heavyweights, the vessel is introduced into the chamber, the shutter (batoport) is closed, and water is pumped out of the chamber before the vessel is put on a sandy bed, after which a ramp is installed between the berth and the vessel, by which the vessel is rolled or the heavyweights are unloaded from the vessel using autotrailers.

With significant fluctuations in the levels in the pond, the berth is equipped with a ramp to ensure design slopes of the ramp, which is performed with enclosing walls, the top of which coincides with the mark of the top of the chamber walls.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 - shows a longitudinal section of a berth with a loading chamber;

in FIG. 2 - the same in plan;

in FIG. 3 is a section I-I of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 is a section II-II of FIG. 2;

in FIG. 5 - security curve of navigation levels;

in FIG. 6 is a graph of level fluctuations.

At the working level in reservoir 1, vessel 2 is introduced into chamber 3, the shutter 4 is closed, and water is pumped out of chamber 3 into reservoir 1 by pump station 5. Vessel 2 is lowered onto the bottom sand bed 6, ramp 8 is installed between vessel 2 and berth 7. 7, a ramp 8 is attached, enclosed by walls 10, the top of which coincides with the top of the walls of the chamber 3.

Auto trailers with heavyweights 11 descend along the ramp 9 and ramps 8 onto the deck of the vessel 2. By means of hydraulic lifts placed on the trolleys of the auto trailer, the heavyweights are lowered onto the lodgements installed on the deck of the vessel. Unloading of heavyweights from vessel 2 to the coastal slipway is carried out in the reverse order.

The mark of the top of the sand bed is set based on the minimum level in the pond and draft of the vessel with the cargo.

To determine the minimum shipping level, use the level supply curve constructed according to observations for a number of years (Fig. 5), as well as a graph of average levels for a number of years (Fig. 6).

To obtain the calculated level according to the schedule of navigation levels (zone I, Fig. 6), the optimal delivery times for heavyweights (zone II of Fig. 6) are determined, and the probability of standing of the selected levels is determined from the schedule of security levels (Fig. 6).

.According to the schedule (Fig. 5) this probability will be $${\text{90\% (h}}_{\text{2}}{\text{) - 25\% (h}}_{\text{one}}\text{)}=\text{65\%}$$

.

This estimated probability of levels can be taken to select the design elevation of the sand bed, the berth threshold, and the height of the walls of the dock chamber.

Claims (2)

1. A method for loading and unloading heavyweights from ships, including a berth and bottom sand bed, onto which the ship is lowered during loading and unloading, a ramp is laid between the ship and the berth, through which the heavyweights are transported from the berth to the ship when loading and from ship to berth at unloading, characterized in that the bottom sand bed is carried out in a dock chamber with a shutter and a drainage system, and the berth is equipped with a ramp, a ship is brought into loading and unloading into the dock chamber, the dock shutter is closed, water is pumped out of the chamber before the ship is put on the bed, after which the ramp is installed between the berth and the ship and loading and unloading of heavyweights is carried out by means of auto trailers. 2. The method of loading-unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that the berth ramp is made with enclosing walls, the top of which coincides with the mark of the upper level of the chamber walls.

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