RU2545552C1 - Electric air cleaner with generator of aerosol of table salt and negative ions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: in one housing designed as two vertical cylindrical pipes with different diameters and lengths connected along generatrixes, the generator of table salt aerosol and the generator of negative air ions are located. The generator of table salt aerosol is designed as barrels with a mesh bottom on which salt is thrown. Barrels are installed one above another, under a ledge the horizontal channel for flowing on it and turning of warm air flow at 90° up, connected to a cavity where the fan with the electric drive and the heat source are installed. Over a cavity the generator of negative air ions comprising metal rings with the external diameter equal to the diameter of their holes in round electrodes is placed. Inside rings the metal needles with decrease of the cross-section area along needles are radially located from the periphery of the ring towards its centre. Rings are inserted into the holes of electrodes and are electrically connected both to needles, and to electrodes powered by DC voltage 5-6 kV. The electric air cleaner is designed as a box and is the base for generators. In the box the squared metal electrodes are located on which the high voltage with alternation of a sign of potential is fed.

EFFECT: raised efficiency of air treatment.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, more specifically to medical equipment, and is intended for purifying air from mechanical impurities and saturating it with negative ions, ions and salt microparticles, forming a therapeutic microclimate of the salt room, creating an air atmosphere that increases mental and physical performance and makes it healthier for a person.

Known electric cleaner of dielectric liquids and gases with a water absorber [1], which includes a housing with two covers and fittings for entering and exiting them, precipitation electrodes made in the form of metal plates in the shape of the housing in plan, between which are columns of dielectric material, and between the precipitation electrodes there is a layer of solid water adsorbent from the gas to be cleaned, for example zeolite or silica gel, and the precipitation electrodes are connected to the high voltage source alternately sign of potential.

The disadvantage of this cleaner is the lack of a salt aerosol generator and negative ions in it.

Also known is an electric cleaner of dielectric liquids (and gases) with a one-sided arrangement of holes in the electrodes [2], including a housing and precipitation electrodes with holes connected to a high voltage source with alternating sign of potential, between which are placed partitions of dielectric material, and the electrodes have one the hole is close to the edge, and when assembling the holes in the adjacent electrodes are diametrically opposed.

The disadvantage of this cleaner is also the lack of a salt spray aerosol generator and negative ions.

Known electric cleaner of dielectric liquids (and gases) with rounded holes in the electrodes [3], including a housing and precipitation electrodes, made in the form of metal plates with holes forming channels for the passage of gas, and equipped with baffles of dielectric material, and the electrodes are connected to a source of high voltage alternating the sign of the potential, and the holes are made with rounded edges.

The disadvantage of this electric cleaner, taken as a prototype, is the lack of a salt spray aerosol generator and negative ions in it.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantage of the prototype, based on the placement in the electric cleaner of an aerosol generator of sodium chloride and negative ions, which makes finding people with this electric cleaner more comfortable.

An object of the invention is to saturate the air in the room where the proposed electric cleaner is located, with salt spray and negative ions, while cleaning this air from mechanical impurities, which makes the conditions for people in this room more favorable.

It is known [4] that the presence of small particles of solid substances in the air, which are called dust (aerosol), affects human health. The effect of dust on the skin is mainly reduced to mechanical irritation, as a result of which itching, unpleasant sensation occur, and when combing, redness and some swelling of the skin may appear, which indicates an inflammatory process. Dust particles can penetrate the pores of the sweat and sebaceous glands, clogging them and thereby complicating their functions. This leads to dry skin, sometimes cracks, rashes appear. Microbes that got along with the dust in the blocked ducts of the sebaceous glands can develop, causing pustular skin diseases - pyoderma. Clogging sweat glands with dust, at elevated temperatures, helps to reduce perspiration, i.e. thermoregulation is disturbed. When dust enters the mucous membranes of the eye and upper respiratory tract, its irritating effect, both mechanical and chemical, is most pronounced. Mucous membranes, compared with the skin, are thinner and more delicate, they are irritated by all types of dust. The dust that gets into the eyes causes the inflammatory process of their mucous membranes - conjunctivitis, which is expressed in redness, lacrimation, sometimes swelling and suppuration. The effect of dust on the upper respiratory tract is reduced to irritation, and with prolonged exposure to inflammation. Non-toxic dusts, staying in the lungs for a long time, gradually cause the connective tissue to grow around each speck of dust, which is not able to absorb oxygen from the inhaled air, saturate it with blood and emit carbon dioxide when exhaling, as normal lung tissue does, i.e. the main function of the lungs decreases. Long-term oxygen deficiency leads to shortness of breath when walking fast or working, weakening the body, lowering working capacity, lowering the body's resistance to infectious and other diseases, and changes in the functional state of other organs and systems. A specific disease develops, called pneumoconiosis, which is a collective name that includes dust diseases of the lungs from exposure to all types of dust. In connection with the above, it is required to carry out dust control measures, which include cleaning the air in the room where people are from dust. In this case, an electric air purifier is designed for this.

Well-known healing properties of rock salt, its bactericidal effect. Salt acts on the human body, providing a therapeutic effect on the respiratory tract, bronchi, lungs, and relaxes the nervous system. Air salt baths have a beneficial effect on the skin, relieve stress, improve sleep, normalize metabolism, relieve pain with arthrosis and radiculitis, and help with hypertensive diseases and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

It is known [5,6,7] that working electrical, radio and electronic equipment in the rooms and cabins of equipment, such as airplanes, automobiles, produce positive ions. Also, when vehicles move, due to friction between the surface of the skin (body) and air, positive charges are formed on the body, which act like a magnet, attracting negative ions and neutralizing them. At the same time, the body repels positive ions, leaving them inside the cab. The result is an excess of positive ions and a lack of negative ions, which leads to drowsiness, depression of the driver and passengers. And if this is not important for passengers, then for the driver it is a negative factor determining the safety of movement and the ability to perform their functional duties. And if you take into account the significant duration of movement (flight), then this factor becomes even more influential on the driver (pilot). Therefore, the addition of negative ions to the air supplied to the vehicle cabin and passenger compartment, or to a room with various equipment, is the measure that helps to improve the conditions of the pilot (driver) and maintenance personnel and increase traffic safety. The airy atmosphere created by negative ions increases mental and physical performance. The number of mistakes made is reduced by 20%, information is absorbed 2-3 times faster, and this reduces the processing time, which is very important for pilots (drivers), especially in an emergency. The same applies to personnel working indoors. The molecules of the human body lose electrons in the process of life, i.e. are oxidized. Negative ions are airborne antioxidants (along with vitamins) and represent the molecules or atoms that make up air (oxygen, nitrogen, and other neutral gases) with one (or two) extra electrons. Giving these electrons to the cells of the human body, they prevent their oxidation and premature aging of the whole body, which increases the duration of the professional activity of pilots (drivers), maintenance personnel, etc. Negative ions stimulate the capture of oxygen by red blood cells, which is especially important for the human body when immersed in water climbing to heights, in mines, etc. Tearing the shell of microorganisms, negative air ions have a bactericidal effect. Negative ions move in the air in the cabin (cabin) of a vehicle or any other room and, in a collision with the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, lose their charge and turn into neutral atoms and molecules with high reactivity, i.e. all processes in the human body are amplified. Negative ions penetrate the surface layers of the epidermis (the surface layer of the skin) and cause its cells to swell and form chemically active atoms and molecules in the skin from these ions, stimulating local metabolic reactions, increasing the supply of surface tissues with blood and stimulating its protection against pathogenic bacteria. All this is especially important for people driving transport and other technical means, dispatching services, etc., who are stationary for a long time. Also, air containing negative ions is a kind of screen reflecting the radiation of positive ions from displays and other electronic equipment, which are quite a lot in the cabs of vehicles, as well as in workrooms. In addition, negative ions, giving away their electrons, “close up potholes” in the molecules and atoms of human cell membranes after electrons were knocked out of their orbits by electromagnetic waves.

It follows from the above that dust cleaning and air saturation of the cabins of transport and technical equipment, workrooms with aerosols of table salt and negative air ions will simultaneously create a healthier environment that has a beneficial effect on the performance of service personnel, turns “dead” air into “living” and healing . As the gas contamination of air with harmful impurities in Moscow from forest fires in the recent past has shown, cleaning it from these impurities and saturating table salt and negative ions with aerosols is vital.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in one housing, which consists of two vertical cylindrical pipes of different diameters and lengths, connected to each other in a way so that their axes are parallel, sodium chloride aerosol generator and negative air ion generator are located, moreover, an aerosol generator table salt is made in the form of several, for example four, cylindrical glasses up to 20 mm high with a mesh bottom on which table salt is poured with a layer 5–10 mm thick, and the glasses are mounted on top of each other inside the cylindrical tube of the casing with large sizes and between which there are metal bushings, the cells of the bottom grid of glasses being chosen such that salt crystals do not fall into them and at the same time there is a channel between the crystals for warm air to flow through it, and under the glasses with salt, in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe, a protrusion is made around the entire perimeter, on which glasses are installed, under which there is a horizontal channel for flowing through it and a 90-degree turn of warm air into a top connected to a cavity in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe of smaller sizes, where a fan with an electric drive and a heat source, for example a heat electric heater, are installed in series, the fan creating an air pressure sufficient to form a “boiling” layer of salt crystals above the mesh bottom of each glass; and above this cavity, separated by a flat dielectric partition, there is a generator of negative air ions, which is a metal ring with an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the holes for them in round electrodes with an insulating layer around the perimeter of the side surface, located one above the other in the inner cavity of the smaller cylindrical pipe sizes and separated from each other by rings of dielectric material, and inside the rings uniformly, radially on the inner surface, are metallic needles of a round or diamond-shaped, in cross-section, shapes in which the reduction in the area of this cross-section along the needles occurs from the periphery of the ring to its center so that the needle tips are located in the central part of each ring, and the rings themselves are inserted into the holes of the electrodes and are electrically connected and with needles and with electrodes, to which a high DC voltage of negative sign of 5-6 kV is applied, while the case of sodium chloride and negative ion aerosol generators is located on an electric air cleaner a, which is the basis for it and is a box-shaped oblong box-shaped structure in the cross section, muffled from one end, but having a round hole whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical column of the negative ion generator, in the middle of the ceiling near this end, and open - from the other end, covered by a metal mesh soldered to the lid, and rectangular plate-shaped metal plates are located vertically with their plane inside the electric cleaner llicheskie electrodes with openings forming channels for the passage of air, separated from each other and from the box dielectric elements as bars and plates contractible in a stationary package cover on the screws, the electrodes being connected to a source of high voltage direct current with alternating sign of the potential.

A comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the proposed device differs from the prototype by the presence of sodium chloride and negative ion aerosol generators in it, which makes it consistent with the “novelty” criterion.

Analysis of the known technical solutions (analogues) in the studied area allows us to conclude that there are no signs in them that are similar to the essential distinguishing features in the claimed device, and to recognize it as meeting the criterion of "significant differences". The use of all the new features can significantly improve the working conditions of people driving transport and other technical equipment, operators, maintenance personnel, etc.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier with an aerosol generator of sodium chloride and negative air ions, FIG. 2 - its cross section. In FIG. 3 shows a side view of the proposed electric cleaner.

It consists of cylindrical columns 3 and 40, combined in one single body according to its generators. These cylindrical columns have different diameters and lengths: Column 3

larger in diameter and in length. From above, both cylindrical columns are closed with round caps 2 and 41 with holes. Column 3 has a protrusion 12 around the entire perimeter, on which the glasses are mounted 7. The first glass of all is mounted on the protrusion 12, then a metal round ring 6 is placed on it, then a second glass is placed on it, on which the round ring is placed, etc. until the last glass is installed (for example, we took 4 glasses). On top of the last glass, a plastic ring 4 is installed, selected in height so that when the lid 2 is installed, a stationary package of glasses is formed. The glasses themselves are made of side metal walls 5 in the form of a ring to which a metal mesh 10 is soldered by a seam 9. At the bottom of the glass, i.e. a layer of salt 8 is poured onto a metal mesh in the form of small crystals. The size of the salt crystals should be such that the salt does not fall into the grid cells. Between the cups there are cavities 11, the size of which is determined by the height of the rings 6, and a cavity 1 is placed under the cover 2. At the bottom of the column 3, under the protrusion 12, a horizontal hole 14 is made, connected by the hole 24 with the cavity 32 of the column 40. The cavity 32 is connected to the surrounding a space with a hole 34. In the cavity 32, a fan 31 is installed with an electric drive 29 powered by a power source 30. Between the fan 31 and the hole 24 there is a heat source 27, for example, heat electric heaters (TENs), which are powered from source 28. The heating elements themselves are made in the form of coils to increase the contact area of the air flowing through them. The cylindrical columns 3 and 40 are closed from below by the ceiling part of the box of the electric cleaner 15. Above the cavity 32, in the column 40, a circular protrusion is made, on which a flat continuous round plate 33 of dielectric material is laid. A split gasket 13 made of insulating material is laid on this plate. An opening 34 is made in the wall of the cylindrical column 40 to connect the internal cavity of this column with the surrounding space. Inside the column 40 are located one above the other flat metal electrodes 37 (Fig. 2), between which insulating ring gaskets 39 are placed. The electrodes 37 are coated on the perimeter along the perimeter with an insulating layer 36. In the electrodes 37, round holes are made into which negative ion generators are inserted 38, which are metal rings with metal needles of circular or diamond-shaped, in cross section, fixed on them. The electrodes 37 are connected to the negative terminal of the high voltage direct current source 35 (5-6 kV). When installing the cover 41, the electrodes 37 and gaskets 39 form a stationary package.

Cylindrical columns 3 and 40, combined into a single unit, are installed on the box. 15 of an electric cleaner having a rectangular shape in cross section. The walls of the box are flat, and one of its ends is made integral with the box. Near this end, in the middle of the ceiling, a circular hole 26 is made, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter

the body 40 of the generator of negative ions. Inside the box 15 are flat metal electrodes 21 with holes for the flow of cleaned air through them. The electrodes repeat the cross-sectional shape of the box, i.e. rectangular, and arranged vertically by their planes. Between the electrodes placed columns 22 of dielectric material to isolate them from each other. Between the box and the electrodes are flat plates 20 of dielectric material, to isolate the electrodes from the box. A ring 25 is mounted vertically at the bottom of the closed end and a plate 23 is laid on it. The ring 25 and the plate 23 are made of electrical insulating material. Between the plate 23 and the first electrode 21 are installed insulating columns 22. The entire inner space of the box 15 is occupied by electrodes 21 and insulating columns 22 between them, forming a package of electrode-precipitators. From the open end of the box, this package of electrodes is covered by a plate 18 with holes of dielectric material. This plate is pressed against the bag using a metal cover 16, to which a metal mesh 17 is soldered. The cover 16 is attached to the box of the electric cleaner 15 with screws 42 (see Fig. 3). In this case, the electrodes and insulating columns are pressed against each other, forming a stationary package. The electrodes 21 are connected to a high voltage direct current source 19 with alternating sign of potential.

The proposed electric air purifier with an aerosol generator of sodium chloride and negative ions works as follows.

Before starting the operation of the electric cleaner, it is necessary to check the presence of a sufficient amount of salt at the bottom of each glass in the salt spray aerosol generator. To do this, remove the lid 2 and remove all glasses 7. The thickness of the salt layer should be in the range of 5-10 mm, which is associated with the air pressure created by the fan 31, which is necessary to create a "boiling" layer of sodium chloride in each glass. The "fluidized" layer 11 is floating particles (crystals) of salt that rise above the net of the glass under the influence of warm air blown through the net. During the formation of a “boiling” layer, salt particles mix with air, rub against each other, form channels for flowing warm air around them, which intensifies the formation of aerosol and sodium chloride ions. If salt is not enough, then it is added to each glass, after which the glasses 7 are installed in their places and the cover 2 complete the assembly of the salt spray aerosol generator. This preliminary preparation of the generator for work ends. After that, an electric cleaner, a salt spray aerosol generator and a negative air ion generator are turned on, regardless of sequence. To do this, the power supply from the block 30 to the drive 29 of the fan 31 is turned on. At the same time, the heat electric heater (TEN) 27 (electric heater is taken for example) is heated from the block 28, and the electrodes of the electric cleaner are fed from block 19. The fan 31 starts to rotate and draws in external air through a mesh 17, which prevents large particles of dust from entering the device, holes in the plate 18, drives it through the holes in the electrodes 21, on which the air is cleaned of mechanical impurities under the influence of an electric field. Dust particles are deposited on the surface of the electrodes. Then the purified air, through the opening 26, is driven by the fan 31 through the heating elements, where it is heated and enters, through the opening 24, into the cavity 14 under pressure. There, it rotates 90 ° upward and is blown through the mesh bottom of the first (bottom) glass 7. Since warm air enters the glass under pressure and the channels in the salt layer are small, the air does not have time to flow through them and tears off salt particles (crystals) 8 from the grid 10, forming a "fluidized" layer 11. In this case, the salt disperses more intensively, when the salt particles rub against each other in a "fluidized" layer, an aerosol appears, and also the salt atoms ionize simultaneously when the crystals flow around the crystals with warm air, mixing them with him and each other. Then warm air saturated with aerosol and salt ions enters from below to the second glass, where it also forms a “boiling” layer and even more saturating the air stream with salt aerosol and salt ions. And so warm air passes through the salt layers of all glasses (for example, 4 glasses were taken), saturated with salt aerosol and salt ions, and flows through a hole in cover 2 to the room where the electric cleaner is installed. Simultaneously with the process of obtaining aerosols and sodium chloride ions, negative air ions are formed in the sub-housing 40, which, through the hole 34, enters from the surrounding space to the electrodes 37 and to the negative air ion generators 38. High voltage is supplied to the needles of these generators through the electrodes 37 from 5 to 6 kV from the negative terminal of the power supply 35. The positive electrode is the flowing air stream. In this case, an excess negative charge is obtained at the tips of the needles. It is known [8] that electric charges are concentrated on the sharp parts of the body. In this case, these will be the tips and lateral faces of the diamond-shaped needles, and only the tips - at the round needles. But electric breakdown does not occur, but a glow discharge occurs (in the old days in Europe this phenomenon was called the “lights of St. Elm”). With such a glow discharge, negative ionization of atoms and molecules of gas (air) occurs due to the attachment of electrons flowing from the needles to them, i.e. negative ions are formed in the gas (air) flowing around the needles 38. Professor Chizhevsky first created a similar device [9], which is called the "Chizhevsky chandelier". The negative ions formed, together with a stream of gas (air), exit the sub-housing 40, through the hole in the cover 41, and enter the room where the electric cleaner is installed, whether it be the pilot’s cabin, dispatcher’s room, operator’s room, computer class, etc. ., where and has a beneficial effect on people. The movement of the air flow from the bottom up is due to the laws of convection, because During a glow discharge, heat is generated that heats this stream. However, a glow discharge will occur if the voltage at the needles 38 does not exceed 6 kV. If this voltage is more than 6 kV, then a corona discharge will occur, in which, in addition to negative ions, ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon, etc., which are toxic to humans, will be formed [10]. Therefore, the voltage at the needles 38 cannot be increased above 6 kV. When the voltage on these needles is less than 4 kV, the glow discharge disappears and the formation of negative ions ceases. Therefore, a voltage of 5 to 6 kV will be optimal for the formation of negative air ions. The round shape, in cross section, of the needles 38 allows electrons to drain only from the tips of the needles. The diamond-shaped shape of the cross sections of the needles 38 leads to the draining of electrons both from the tips of the needles and from the sharp lateral edges, which enhances the process of formation of negative ions. Negative ions also form in the salt spray aerosol generator. But these ions are formed from the constituents of sodium chloride. For people, negative air ions are more important. Yes, and salt ions are formed in small quantities.

The proposed air purifier with an aerosol generator of sodium chloride and negative ions allows you to simultaneously clean the air from dust and fill it with salt aerosol and negative ions, which will significantly increase the combined positive effect of the above factors on people, compared to each of them individually.

Information sources

1. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2379115 "Electric cleaner of dielectric liquids and gases with a water absorber." Priority from 09/22/2008.

2. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2385176 "Electric cleaner of dielectric liquids (and gases) with a one-sided arrangement of holes in the electrodes". Priority from 08/11/2008.

3. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2377072 "An electric cleaner of dielectric liquids (and gases) with rounded holes in the electrodes." Priority from 08/18/2008.

4.http: //dvkuot.ru/index.php/tk/584-pil

5. Skipetrov V.P., Zorkina A.V., Bespalov N.N. Treatment with oxygen ions. - Saransk .: Moscow State University, 2000.

6. Prospectus for air ionizer "AVION company" Gobest International ".

7. Ponomarenko G.N. St. Petersburg: Military Medical Academy, Department of Balneology and Physiotherapy.

8. Yavorsky V.M., Seleznev Yu.A. A reference guide to physics for applicants to universities and for self-education. - M .: Nauka, 1989 .-- P.203.

9. J. "Radio", No. 6, 1997. - P.33.

10. Aviation medicine / Ed. Professor Babiychuk A.N. - M .: publishing house "DOSAAF USSR", 1980. - P.69.

Claims (1)

An electric air purifier with an aerosol generator of sodium chloride and negative ions, containing an electric air purifier, an ion generator with a salt material and an air flow inducer, characterized in that in one housing, which is two vertical cylindrical pipes of different diameters and lengths, connected to each other by generatrix so that their axes are parallel, sodium chloride aerosol generator and negative air ion generator are located, and sodium chloride aerosol generator is made in the form of several Only, for example, four, cylindrical glasses up to 20 mm high with a mesh bottom, on which table salt is poured with a layer of 5-10 mm thick, and the glasses are mounted one above the other inside the cylindrical tube of the casing with large sizes and between which are metal bushings, the cell size being the bottom grid of glasses is chosen such that salt crystals do not fall into them and at the same time there is a channel between the crystals for warm air to flow through it, and under the glasses with salt, in the lower part of the cylindrical pipe, there is a protrusion around the entire perimeter, on which cups are installed, under which there is a horizontal channel for flowing along it and turning the warm air flow 90 ° upward, connected to the cavity in the lower part of the smaller cylindrical pipe, where an electric fan and a heat source are installed in series for example, a heat electric heater, the fan creating an air pressure sufficient to form a “fluidized” layer of salt crystals above the mesh bottom of each glass; and above this cavity, separated by a flat dielectric partition, there is a generator of negative air ions, which is a metal ring with an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the holes for them in round electrodes with an insulating layer around the perimeter of the side surface, located one above the other in the inner cavity of the smaller cylindrical pipe sizes and separated from each other by rings of dielectric material, and inside the rings uniformly, radially on the inner surface, are metallic needles of a round or diamond-shaped, in cross-section, shapes in which the reduction in the area of this cross-section along the needles occurs from the periphery of the ring to its center so that the needle tips are located in the central part of each ring, and the rings themselves are inserted into the holes of the electrodes and are electrically connected and with needles, and with electrodes to which a high DC voltage of a negative sign of 5-6 kV is applied, while the case of sodium chloride and negative ion aerosol generators is located on an air cleaner ha, which is the basis for it and is a box-shaped oblong box-shaped structure in the cross section, muffled from one end, but having a round hole, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical column of the negative ion generator, in the middle of the ceiling near this end, and open - from the other end, covered by a metal mesh soldered to the lid, and rectangular plate meshes are located vertically with their plane inside the electric cleaner thallic electrodes with holes that form channels for the passage of air, separated from each other and from the box by dielectric elements in the form of columns and plates, tightened into a fixed package with a screw cap, and the electrodes are connected to a high voltage DC source with alternating potential sign.

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