RU2545167C1 - Synchronous electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: synchronous electric motor comprises a housing (1) and end shields (2, 3), on which the rings (4, 5) of the stator package are installed. On the ring (4) the wedge-shaped teeth (6) with coils (7) are installed. The stator disks (8) are installed on the stator bushing (9), and rotor disks (10) - on the rotor bushing (11) anchored on the shaft (12), supported by the bearings (13, 14). The stator and rotor disks have alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic wedge elements, the amounts are related by the expression z_r=z_s±2_r. Implementation of rotor as a set of disks allowed to improve the manufacture adaptability and increase the rotation speed of the electric motor, and also to improve the reliability of operation on the moving frame base.

EFFECT: creation of synchronous electric motor with advanced design supporting large rotation speeds and operation on the moving frame base.

10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electric machines, and in particular to synchronous motors with a jet rotor, and can be used as an actuator with high torque.

Known synchronous motor with magnetic reduction, comprising a housing, a shaft, a gear stator with a three-phase winding and a gear rotor (patent No. 2076433, Н02K 19/06, publ. 2003.07.10, Bull. No. 19) - [1].

The disadvantage of this engine is the low overall dimensions, since the interaction between the stator and the rotor occurs on one cylindrical surface in the working gap.

Closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical essence and the achieved effect is a synchronous electric motor containing a housing, a stator package with teeth z _c and with a multiphase winding, a rotor magnetic circuit with teeth z _p = z _c ± 2 _p on a shaft with bearings, alternating coaxial hollow cylinders rotor and stator, consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements located along the axis of rotation, and the rotor cylinders are mechanically connected to the rotor magnetic circuit, and the stator cylinders to the body, while the teeth of the poles and ferromagnetic elements of the stator cylinder and the battlements of the magnetic elements and ferromagnetic rotor cylinders have their same angular position (Afanas'ev AY, Davydov NV synchronous motor. Russian Patent №2321140, IPC ⁷ 19/06 N02K, N02K 19/00 , publ. 2008.03.27, Bull. No. 9) - [2].

Its disadvantage is the presence of thin-walled hollow cylinders with cantilever mounting, which complicates the manufacturing technology, limits rotation speed and reduces reliability when working on a moving base.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the manufacturability of a synchronous electric motor, to increase its rotational speed and increase reliability when working on a moving base.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that alternating rotor and stator disks consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors are introduced into the electric motor, comprising a housing, a shaft with bearings, a stator package with teeth and a multiphase winding, the stator package is made in the form of two rings of electrical steel strips by winding, located at the ends of the electric motor, false teeth with coils are installed on the end surface of the ring of the stator package, on the surface of the teeth and on the other ring there are wedges dnye protrusions, wherein the protrusions teeth and ferromagnetic elements of the stator discs and ferromagnetic elements of the rotor discs have their own equal angular dimensions and position, the number of ferromagnetic elements on the drive stator z _c and z _p rotor disk related by z _p = z _c ± 2 _p .

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated in figure 1 - figure 10, where:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a synchronous electric motor with one winding;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a synchronous electric motor with two windings;

Figure 3 - teeth with protrusions and coils;

Figure 4 - stator disk;

Figure 5 - rotor disk;

6-9 are graphs of magnetic induction along the teeth and the relative position of the stator and rotor sectors;

Figure 10 - the shape of the sheets of the laden ferromagnetic element.

Here 1 is the case; 2, 3 - bearing shields; 4, 5 - stator pack rings; 6 - tooth; 7 - coil; 8 - stator disks; 9 - stator sleeve; 10 - rotor discs; 11 - rotor sleeve; 12 - shaft; 13, 14 - bearings.

The housing 1 is rigidly connected with the bearing shields 2, 3. The rings 4, 5 of the stator package are installed on them. On the ring 4 there are six teeth 6 with coils 7.

The stator disks 8 are fixed on the stator sleeve 9 mounted on the housing 1. The rotor disks 10 are mounted on the rotor sleeve 11. The shaft 12 is supported by bearings 13, 14 installed in the bearing shields 2, 3.

Rings 4, 5 and teeth 6 are made of electrical steel tape by winding. The stator disks 8 and rotor disks 10 have alternating elements in the form of sectors of soft magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Magnetic elements are made of electrical steel. The number of magnetic elements of the disks of the stator and rotor per one pole differ by one. Figure 3, 4 shows the case when p = 1, the number of ferromagnetic elements at the stator disk z _c = 24, at the rotor disk z _p = 26.

The stator disks 8 have ferromagnetic elements arranged uniformly and forming six groups according to the number of stator teeth (shown in Fig. 3 in light color) and non-magnetic elements (in Fig. 3 shown in dark color).

The rotor disks 10 have ferromagnetic elements arranged uniformly (shown in Fig. 4 in light color) and non-magnetic elements (in Fig. 4 shown in dark color).

The teeth 6 have the form of sectors of electrical steel and contain crowns (shown in figure 3 on the left). They are installed on the magnetic circuit 4 of the stator. Coils located diametrically connected in series according to and form three phases of the stator winding: A, B and C. In Fig. 3, the letters X, Y, Z denote the teeth with coils that create magnetic flux directed opposite to the flow of teeth A, B, C. For example, if tooth A creates pole N, then tooth X creates pole S. The number of pole pairs here is p = 1.

Synchronous motor operates as follows. When a three-phase voltage system is applied to the stator winding phases AC, a rotating magnetic field is obtained. In this case, the rotor rotates to a position in which eight ferromagnetic rotor elements are located near the protrusions on the stator teeth and the corresponding ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks in the maximum zone of the magnetic induction module.

If the supply voltage has an angular frequency ω _s , then the angular velocity of the rotor is determined by the expression

ω _p = 2ω _s / z _p .

The presence of several disks of the stator and rotor causes multiple deformation of the magnetic field in the zone of the disks, which increases the developed moment and allows to improve the overall dimensions.

On the end surface of the stator magnetic circuit facing the core, there are ferromagnetic protrusions in the form of sectors, repeating in shape and quantity the ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, which increases the developed moment.

6 shows graphs of the distribution of magnetic induction B (α) over the teeth at the time when the phases of the currents i _A , i _B , i _C have the meanings:

φ _A = -15 °; φ _B = -135 °; φ _C = 105 °.

The first spatial harmonic of magnetic induction is shown. Dash-dotted lines show the locations of the maximum magnetic induction module. In these places, the ferromagnetic sectors of the stator and rotor are located opposite each other.

7 shows graphs of the distribution of magnetic induction B (α) over the teeth at the time when the phases of the currents i _A , i _B , i _C have the meanings:

φ _A = 0 °; φ _B = -120 °; φ _C = 120 °.

It is seen that the first spatial harmonic of magnetic induction has shifted to the left by 15 °. In this case, the rotor will rotate an angle

. $$\Delta \alpha =\frac{2}{z_p}\mathrm{fifteen}°=\frac{\mathrm{thirty}°}{z_p}$$

.

On Fig shows graphs of the distribution of magnetic induction B (α) along the teeth at the time when the phases of the currents i _A , i _B , i _C have the meanings:

φ _A = 15 °; φ _B = -105 °; φ _C = 135 °.

It is seen that the first spatial harmonic of magnetic induction has shifted to the left by 30 °. In this case, the rotor will rotate an angle

. $$\Delta \alpha =\frac{2}{z_p}\mathrm{thirty}°=\frac{60°}{z_p}$$

.

Figure 9 shows the graphs of the distribution of magnetic induction B (α) along the teeth at the time when the phases of the currents i _A , i _B , i _C have the meanings:

φ _A = 30 °; φ _B = -90 °; φ _C = 150 °.

It is seen that the first spatial harmonic of magnetic induction has shifted to the left by 45 °. In this case, the rotor will rotate an angle

. $$\Delta \alpha =\frac{2}{z_p}45°=\frac{90°}{z_p}$$

.

When the phases of all currents change by an angle of 180 °, the position of the maxima of the magnetic induction module will repeat, and the rotor will turn by a tooth pitch

. $${\alpha }_z=\frac{2}{z_p}180°=\frac{360°}{z_p}$$

.

The synchronous motor of FIG. 2 has two windings located on two rings 4, 5 of the stator package, which facilitates cooling and makes the magnetic field symmetrical in the working area.

The implementation of the rotor in the form of disks allows large angular speeds and work on a moving base, and also simplifies the manufacturing technology.

The magnetic sectors of the stator and rotor are made of electrical steel lined to reduce losses in the steel due to eddy currents and hysteresis, since during operation the magnetic induction in the sectors changes. Figure 10 shows the shape of the sheets of a charged ferromagnetic element made of electrical steel.

Thus, as a result of the introduction of alternating disks of the rotor and stator, consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors, the stator package is made in the form of two rings with false teeth with coils, and wedge-shaped teeth are made on the surface of the teeth and on the second ring, poles and ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, as well as ferromagnetic elements of the rotor disks, have their identical angular sizes and positions, a synchronous motor with a technological design is obtained, additional accelerating high speeds of rotation and reliable work on a moving base.

Claims (1)

A synchronous electric motor containing a housing, a shaft with bearings, a stator package with teeth and a multiphase winding, characterized in that alternating rotor and stator disks are introduced, consisting of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic elements in the form of sectors, the stator package is made in the form of two rings of electrical tape steel by winding, located at the ends of the electric motor, false teeth with coils are installed on the end surface of the ring of the stator package, on the surface of the teeth and on the other ring there are wedge-shaped protrusions s, while the wedge-shaped protrusions of the teeth and the ferromagnetic elements of the stator disks, as well as the ferromagnetic elements of the rotor disks, have their same angular sizes and positions, and the numbers of ferromagnetic elements on the stator disk z _c and on the rotor disk z _p are related by the equality z _p = z _c ± 2 _p .

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