RU2544392C2 - Chicken fodder complex additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder industry, in particular, to chicken fodder additives. The chicken fodder complex additive contains dry amaranth raw material in the form of grass meal and/or granules mixed with dry fish fodder meal, the weight ratio of dry fish fodder meal to the amaranth raw material being (1-2):10. The invention implementation ensures production of a fodder additive with high digestibility.

EFFECT: additive feeding promotes enhancement of chickens resistance to diseases and improves eggs and meat quality.

1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to feed additives, in particular to premixes added to feed for poultry, such as chicken feed.

Known analogue No. 1 - amaranth grass meal added to chicken feed (see article "Production of low cholesterol poultry products using amaranth", authors Surgeon S.S. et al., Http://chem.kstu.ru/butlerov comm / vol2 / cd-a2 / data / jchem & cs / russian / n5 / full / l 7-20.pdf). As follows from the above article, adding 3% of herbal flour from amaranth to chicken feed positively affects the increase in egg mass and the decrease in cholesterol in them.

Advantages of analogue No. 1

100 g of fresh amaranth leaves contain such macro elements as potassium (611 mg), calcium (215 mg), magnesium (55 mg), sodium (20 mg) and phosphorus (50 mg). Trace elements are also contained: iron (2.32 mg), manganese (0.885 mg), copper (0.162 mg), selenium (0.9 mg) and zinc (0.9 mg). In addition to the above, amaranth leaves contain a number of vitamins of groups A and B, as well as vitamins C, D, E, K, a whole set of amino acids and fatty acids (see "Amaranth, fresh leaves. Nutrition value of 100 g of the product", http: // oblepiha.eom / calorie / vegetables / l 134-amarant-svezhie-listya.html). In addition to the above macro- and microelements, the green mass of amaranth is rich in proteins (28% by weight), lipids (3.5% by weight), carbohydrates (43% by weight) and vitamins A, C, B, B ₁ , etc. (see article "Pectins from non-traditional sources: technology, structure, properties and biological activity", authors S.T. Minzanova et al., Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences) .

The advantage of analogue No. 1 is the absence of the need to add the above macro- and microelements already present in amaranth leaves to chicken feed.

It should also be noted an increase in the mass of eggs and a decrease in their cholesterol due to the addition of grass meal from amaranth leaves to chicken feed.

The disadvantages of analogue No. 1

The publication on analogue No. 1 does not say anything about its effect on other qualities of eggs and chickens.

Analog No. 1 does not contain the optimal ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-6 and Omega-3, recommended for feed of farm animals and poultry. Reason: polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids are present in amaranth raw materials, but omega-3 acids are practically absent. Omega-6 in amaranth is contained in its fats and makes up about 50% of them (see "Amaranth flour, Oil control - Other - Catalog" htto // http: //www.natur-http: //prjluct.ru/ratalog / ratalog-produktov / muka-grubogo ...). The amount of fat in dry amaranth raw materials is 2.4-2.8% (see "Growing green mass of amaranth for feed purposes", http://fermer.ru/sovet/kormovoye-rasteniya/29834). Therefore, the amount of Omega-6 in dry amaranth raw materials is approximately 1.2-1.4% by weight of the raw materials. Moreover, the content of Omega-3 in this is several times less than Omega-6. Therefore, the quality of analogue No. 1 does not meet the requirements, according to which the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 in feed for farm animals and chickens should be (10-5): 1 (see Fish and fat-containing installations, section "Fish feed flour ”, http://www.russianfisherv.narod.ru or see http://www.fishmuka.at.ua). This negatively affects the resistance of chickens and animals to diseases.

Known analogue No. 2 is an additive in the form of a vitamin-grass meal from amaranth added to chicken feed (see the article “Stimulating effect of a vitamin-grass meal from amaranth (AVTM) on the morphofunctional state and development of the reproductive system organs of repair young animals and egg production of chickens in the initial period of oviposition ”, authors A.B.Vyshtakalyuk et al.,“ Agricultural Biology ”, 2010, No. 2, pp. 45-51 or see http://www.agrobiology.ru/2-201 Ovishtakalyuk.html )

Advantages of analogue No. 2

In chickens, in the feed of which 3% analogue No. 2 was added, the number of both large and maturing follicles (egg embryos) increased, the mass of ovaries with follicles increased, the oviduct was lengthened (see table 1 of the article).

Egg production and average egg weight increased (see Fig. 2 and table 3 of the article). The hatchability and weight of chickens, as well as the mass of yolk sacs of eggs increased (see table 3 of the article). The number of unfertilized eggs, dead embryos and weak chickens decreased (see ibid.).

Other advantages of analogue No. 2 are those listed above from the publication “Amaranth, fresh leaves. Nutritional value of 100 g of the product. "

General advantages of analogue No. 2 and analogue No. 1

Amaranth surpasses traditional grain and leguminous crops in collecting protein, amino acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements from a unit of sown area. Amaranth protein is one of the best plant-based proteins. If you evaluate the ideal protein (close to egg) at 100 points, then casein milk protein will have 72 points, soybean - 68, wheat - 58, corn - 44, and amaranth protein - 75 points (see "Amaranth - a unique fodder culture" , http://www.agroru.com/news/526769.htmn).

100 g of green amaranth contains protein - 4.6 g, fat - 0.2 g, carbohydrates, 8.3 g, fiber - 1.8 g, calcium - 410 mg, phosphorus - 103 mg, iron - 8.9 mg, carotene - 5.7 mg, ascorbic acid - 64 mg, thiamine - 0.05 mg, etc. The irreplaceable amino acid - lysine - in amaranth contains 2 times more than in wheat, and amaranth surpasses all grain crops in protein content (see "Creating a fodder base from high-protein crops", http://www.filtim.ru/viewpage/876.htm). The most extensively indicated and other advantages of amaranth are given in the publication “Calorie content. Amaranth leaves, raw. Chemical composition and nutritional value ”, http://health-diet.ru/usda/vegetable/16615.php, in the publication“ Nutritional value, chemical composition and calorie content. Amaranth, raw leaves "http://www.intelmeal.ru/nutrition/foodinfo-amarant-leaves-raw.php and in the publication" Amaranth, fresh leaves. Nutritional value of 100 g of the product ", http: //oblepiha.eom/calorie/vegetables/l 134-amarant-svezhie-listya.html

The disadvantages of analogue No. 2

A decrease in the relative mass of the eggshell of chickens was added to the feeds of which this analogue was added (see the dissertation “Physiological state and productivity of chicken of egg direction when feeding vitamin-grass meal from amaranth” by the author AB Vyshtakalyuk, section “Conclusions”, p. 5,

http://www.dissercat.com/content/fiziologicheskoe-sostovanie-i-produktivnost-kur-yaichnogo-napravleniya-pri-skarmlivanii-im-#ixzz2Pr4CnGPj).

The specified disadvantage adversely affects the safety of these eggs during transportation. The reasons for this drawback are that in analogue No. 2 (as in analogue No. 1), such chemical elements as calcium and phosphorus are absent in the required amount: the amount of these elements present in the leaves of amaranth is not enough to form a high-quality egg shell in eggs that carry hens , in whose feed analogue No. 2 was added. It is known that for the formation of one egg, a chicken spends more than 2 g of calcium and 0.1 g of phosphorus (see "Diet for feeding chickens", http://miragro.com/ratsion-kormleniya-kur.html, sheet 3). That is why in a number of publications the following conclusion is made: “The presence of calcium and phosphorus in feed is especially important. To replenish these elements, chickens, shells, bone meal, limestone, crushed eggshell are fed to chickens. They are added to wet mixers and fed in a separate feeder ”(see, for example,“ Mineral feeding for chickens ”, http://infofermer.ru/mineralnye-pjdkormki-dlya-kur.html).

Another disadvantage of analogue No. 2 is the lack of a recommended ratio between Omega-6 and Omega-3, described in detail among the disadvantages of analogue No. 1.

Known selected as a prototype feed additive manufactured in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2168908. The prototype is an extracted fresh or dry amaranth phytomass, which may be amaranth herbal flour or its granules.

The technological process for the production of the prototype involves the use of rotary pulsation apparatuses (RIA) with a rotational speed of 3000-4500 rpm, where the amaranth herbal flour (granules) is mixed with extracting liquids.

The specified process can be implemented in several versions, the main features of which are the following.

Preliminary maceration of grass meal (granules) of amaranth in a certain amount of water or whey is carried out.

The resulting mass is processed in RPA together with the extracting liquid (s) with a rotating RPA rotor under the conditions of mechanoacoustic and / or chemical exposure to a suspension of amaranth herbal flour (granules) to obtain an extract. In this case, the pro-motivated phytomass of amaranth can be extracted with the following liquids:

- water or acidified water,

- an aqueous solution of alkali, for example calcium hydroxide (hereinafter referred to as alkali) and / or soda ash (hereinafter referred to as soda),

- an aqueous solution of alkali and / or soda and then an aqueous solution of acid (oxalic, lactic),

- an aqueous solution of alkali and / or soda, then an aqueous solution of the above acid and then a mixture of cellulase complex enzymes,

- whey (for phytomass, promoted milk whey).

The processing time and the temperature maintained at the same time are determined by the type of feedstock: dry or fresh.

The advantages of the prototype are as follows.

The use of amaranth raw materials eliminates such a disadvantage of analogue No. 3 as the use of wheat flour. As noted above, wheat is inferior to amaranth in terms of feed indicators, in the content of vitamins, macro- and microelements. Amaranth is a cheaper and more effective feed, in particular for poultry. Compared to wheat, it is less whimsical and gives a higher yield.

As noted on page 7 of the description of the patent No. 2168908, the prototype favors better absorption of feed and increases the productivity of the bird.

The prototype disadvantages

The need to use expensive and complex equipment (RPA), for the maintenance of which specialists are needed. All this makes prototype production more expensive.

The need for electricity for the functioning of the RPA and for its heating in the production process also increases the cost of prototype production.

The need for significant quantities of specially prepared liquid chemicals with which amaranth raw materials are mixed (acidified water, aqueous solutions of alkali and / or soda, acids, mixtures of cellulase complex enzymes, etc.). It also increases the cost of prototype production.

The absence in the prototype of the necessary additives for chicken feed at the stage of its production, containing a sufficient amount of calcium and phosphorus, providing high-quality eggshell in chickens, reduces the quality of the eggs. The amount of calcium that is present in some chemical liquids of the prototype (aqueous solutions of alkali — calcium hydroxide and soda ash) and in the initial amaranth raw material is not enough to form high-quality eggshells in chickens (see the publication “Chicken Feeding Diet” indicated on sheet 4) . In addition, these liquids do not contain phosphorus, which is present only in amaranth raw materials, but in insufficient quantities. Phosphorus, like calcium, is necessary for the formation of high-quality eggshells (see the mentioned publication “Chicken Feeding Diet”). The norms of additives, in particular calcium and phosphorus, for fodder of poultry, for example, for chickens for various purposes and different age groups, are most fully and thoroughly indicated in the "Database" Norms and diets for feeding farm animals ", certificate of conformity No.ROSS RU ME20NSCH 0197 dated 22.01 .99, http://agrozoo.ru/base gvc / normi / index.html, section “Feeding poultry”.

The liquid chemicals used in the prototype are of artificial origin, since they are obtained chemically and are not natural. Therefore, they are worse absorbed by bird organisms than the same substances, but of natural origin.

In the prototype there is no recommended ratio between Omega-6 and Omega-3, which is noted among the disadvantages of analogue No. 1.

These disadvantages of the prototype are eliminated due to the fact that in the complex additive for chicken feed containing dry amaranth raw materials in the form of herbal flour and / or granules mixed with at least one substance containing calcium, the following is fulfilled.

Dry fish feed meal, the mass of which is related to the mass of amaranth raw material as (1-2): 10, was chosen as the substance intended for mixing.

The significance of the differences of the proposed additives is confirmed by the following.

The choice of fishmeal as a component with which dry amaranth raw material is mixed is explained by the fact that this flour has a number of advantages, both aimed at increasing the known qualities of chicken feed, and giving the claimed additive new qualities.

The increase in known qualities lies in the fact that fishmeal contains a number of chemical elements necessary for chickens, but in insufficient quantities present in amaranth raw materials. For example, protein - 66.8-68.9%, protein - 52.1-65.8%, calcium - 4.0-8.5%, phosphorus - 1.7-3.4%, crude fat - 6 , 8-9.8%, sodium chloride - 1.7-2.6%, amino acid threonine - 22.5-32.1 g / kg, amino acid cystine - 6.8-9.6 g / kg, amino acid lysine - 36-48 g / kg, tryptophan amino acid - 7.0-8.6 g / kg (see. "High-quality feed components. Products of the company" Fidekspert ", http://www.feedexpert.ru). As can be seen from the above, the use of only fishmeal for mixing with amaranth raw materials allows you to create such a comprehensive supplement that contains almost all the necessary useful ingredients for chicken feed. At the same time, depending on the development phase, the green mass of amaranth contains: protein - 3.0-3.9%, fat - 0.5-0.65%, calcium - 0.46-0.535%, phosphorus - 0.004- 0.055%, etc. (see "Growing green mass of amaranth for fodder purposes", http://fermer.ru?sovet/kormovve-rasteniya/29834). So the combination of these two products - dry amaranth raw materials and fish meal - provides the highest quality supplement for chicken feed. It should also be noted that the above chemical elements and amino acids present in fish meal are of natural rather than artificial origin, which positively affects their digestibility by chickens.

It should also be noted that fishmeal is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (see the sections "Fishmeal meal" on the sites http://www.russianfisheru.narod.ru or http://www.fishmuka.at.ua). Moreover, these same sources indicate that the resistance to diseases in animals and birds is provided by the presence in their feed of polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-6 and Omega-3 in the ratio (10-5): 1. This condition is implemented in the proposed additive due to the fact that it is made as a mixture of amaranth raw materials (10 mass fractions) and fish meal (2-4 mass fractions).

It is known that in herbal amaranth flour contains up to 4% fat - lipids (see "Pectins from unconventional sources: technology, structure, properties and biological activity", Kazan, 2011, http: //www.kpfu/ru). In these fats, omega-6 is up to 50%. At the same time, the content of Omega-3 in them is extremely small (0.1-1.0%). In fishmeal containing about 6% fat (see "Fishmeal", http //: http: //www.agolife.ru/2012/04/27/rybnaya-muka/). The ratio in these fats of Omega-6 and Omega-3 is approximately 50% (see "Comparative characteristics of the fatty acid composition of lipids of various fish species", authors Zaitseva S.E., Kayukova E.V., Soshnyanina MP, 20.12 .2010, State Medical Academy, (Chita), http://tele-conf.ru/problemyi-zhiznedeyatelnosti-rasteniy-i-zhivotnyih/sr ...). Therefore, when mixing fishmeal and amaranth flour in a mass ratio (1-5): 10 in the mixture, the optimal ratio of Omega-3 and Omega-6 for chicken feed (1-5): 10 is obtained.

In addition to disease resistance in animals and birds, the optimal ratio of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in bird feed improves the quality of eggs and meat (see "Fishmeal", http://garantagrj.bv/rybnaya-muka/ or http: // kot .ru /? pg = flr & en = Q).

Therefore, the claimed ratio of dry fishmeal and dry amaranth raw materials as (1-2): 10 will provide in the claimed complex additive:

- the recommended ratio between Omega-6 and Omega-3,

- A sufficient content of calcium, phosphorus and other necessary elements and amino acids that must be present in chicken feed.

An example of the preparation of the inventive complex additives. The amount of amaranth raw materials used to prepare the inventive additives is 10 kg

The amount of fish meal used to prepare the inventive additives is 2 kg The mass ratio of these components will be 2:10, which corresponds to the upper limit of the ratio specified in the formula (1-2): 10.

10 kg of amaranth flour contains 400 g of amaranth oil, where Omega 6 is 200 g (a small amount of Omega-3 can be neglected).

2 kg of fishmeal contains 120 g of fat (lipids), where Omega-6 and Omega-3 will be 60 g.

Therefore, in the resulting complex additive, the total amount of Omega-6 will be 260 g and the total amount of Omega-3 will be 60 g. The ratio of these amounts shows that the maximum proportion selected between the masses of fish and amaranth flour in the example satisfies the requirements of the ratio between Omega-3 and Omega -6.

Claims (1)

A complex additive for chicken feed containing dry amaranth raw materials in the form of grass meal and / or granules, mixed with at least one substance containing calcium, characterized in that the dry fish feed meal is selected as the substance, the mass of which corresponds to the mass amaranth raw as (1-2): 10.