RU2544312C1 - Device for determination of characteristics of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises an impulse heating source, four thermocouples, four amplifiers, differentiator, seven integrators, five comparators, six scale amplifiers, heating pulse duration sensor, four dividers, three multiplication units, extremator, switch, two frequency dividers, four memory units, six summators, reference voltage source, five subtracters, control unit, six memory units, switch, four dividers and two squaring devices.

EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of the device.

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Description

The device relates to technical means for determining the characteristics of materials and can be used both in the study of the properties of new materials, and in thermal non-destructive testing.

A device for determining the characteristics of materials [Patent RU 2392612 C1, IPC (2006.01) G01N 25/18, published 06/20/2010], selected as a prototype, containing a pulse heating source, four thermocouples, four amplifiers, a differentiator, seven integrators, five comparators , four large-scale amplifiers, a heating pulse duration sensor, three division blocks, a multiplication block, an extremator, a switch, two frequency dividers, four memory blocks, two adders, a reference voltage source and three subtraction blocks. The first thermocouple is connected through the first amplifier to the input of the differentiator. The input of the divider of the first division unit is connected to the output of the first amplifier. The first control input of the first integrator is connected to the output of the first comparator. The information inputs of the first and second integrators are connected to the output of the reference voltage source. The outputs of the first large-scale amplifier, the third, fourth and fifth integrators are the first, second, third and fourth outputs of the device, respectively. The output of the second integrator is connected to the input of the first large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first comparator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first integrator. The output of the differentiator is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second integrator, and the output is connected to the input of the dividend of the first division unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the extremator, the output of which is connected to the second control input of the first integrator, the first control inputs of the second, the third, fourth and fifth integrators and the first control input of the switch, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the first comparator and the input of the first frequency divider. The third control input of the switch is connected to the output of the sensor for the duration of the heating pulse, the third control input of the first integrator, the second control input of the second integrator and the control input of the first memory unit, the output of which is the fifth output of the device. The information input of the first memory block is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the information inputs of the second memory block and switch, the first output of which is connected to the information input of the third integrator. The second output of the switch is connected to the information input of the fourth integrator. The third switch output is connected to the information input of the fifth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control inputs of the third and fourth integrators, the output of the first frequency divider and the input of the second frequency divider, the output of which is connected to the control input of the second memory unit, the output of which is the sixth output of the device . The input of the pulse heating source is connected to the start terminal. The outputs of the second, third, and fourth thermocouples are connected through the second, third, and fourth amplifiers to the first inputs of the second, third, and fourth comparators, respectively. The output of the second comparator is connected to the first control input of the sixth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the third comparator. The third control input of the sixth integrator is connected to the first control input of the seventh integrator, the start terminal, the control input of the third memory unit and the first control input of the fourth memory unit. The information input of the sixth integrator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source and the information input of the seventh integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control input of the fourth memory unit and the output of the fourth comparator, and the output is connected to the first input of the fifth comparator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the sixth integrator and the input of the divider of the second division block, and the output is connected to the control input of the third division block, the dividend input of which is connected to the output of the second block tions. The input of the divider of the third division unit is connected to the output of the first adder, and the output is the seventh output of the device. The output of the second amplifier is connected to the first input of the second adder and the first input of the first subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the second adder and the output of the fourth amplifier, and the output is connected to the input of the second large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input which is connected to the output of the third large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the output of the second subtraction unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the second adder, and the second input is connected to the output m of the fourth large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the first input of the third subtraction unit, the information input of the fourth memory block and the first input of the third comparator, the second input of which is connected to the second inputs of the second and fourth comparators and the output of the third memory block, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first amplifier. The output of the fourth memory block is connected to the second input of the third subtraction block, the output of which is connected to the input of the dividend of the second division block.

The device selected as a prototype has limited functionality that does not allow determining the values of the thermophysical characteristics of isotropic materials of samples whose thickness is unknown.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device for determining the characteristics of materials.

To solve the problem of the invention, a device containing a pulse heating source, four thermocouples, four amplifiers, a differentiator, seven integrators, five comparators, four large-scale amplifiers, a heating pulse duration sensor, three division blocks, a multiplication block, an extremator, a switch, two frequency dividers, four memory blocks, two integrators, two adders and a reference voltage source, while the first thermocouple is connected through the first amplifier to the input of the differentiator, the input of the divider of the first division unit is connected with the output of the first amplifier, the first control input of the first integrator is connected to the output of the first comparator, and the information inputs of the first and second integrators are connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the outputs of the first large-scale amplifier, the third, fourth, and fifth integrators are the first, second, third, and fourth the outputs of the device, respectively, the output of the second integrator is connected to the input of the first large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first comparator, the second input of which is dined with the output of the first integrator, the output of the differentiator is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second integrator, and the output is connected to the input of the divisible first division unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the extremator, the output of which is connected to the second control input of the first integrator , the first control inputs of the second, third, fourth and fifth integrators and the first control input of the switch, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the first comparator and input the first frequency divider, the third switch control input is connected to the output of the heating pulse duration sensor, the third control input of the first integrator, the second control input of the second integrator and the control input of the first memory unit, the output of which is the fifth output of the device, and the information input is connected to the output of the first amplifier, information inputs of the second memory unit and the switch, the first output of which is connected to the information input of the third integrator, the second output of the switch inen with the information input of the fourth integrator, the third switch output is connected to the information input of the fifth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control inputs of the third and fourth integrators, the output of the first frequency divider and the input of the second frequency divider, the output of which is connected to the control input of the second memory unit , the output of which is the sixth output of the device, the input of the pulse heating source is connected to the start terminal, the outputs of the second, third and fourth thermocouples are connected they are connected through the second, third and fourth amplifiers with the first inputs of the second, third and fourth comparators, respectively, the output of the second comparator is connected to the first control input of the sixth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the third comparator, the third control input of the sixth integrator is connected to the first control input seventh integrator, starting terminal, control input of the third memory block and the first control input of the fourth memory block, information input of the sixth integrator soy is dined with the output of the reference voltage source and the information input of the seventh integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control input of the fourth memory unit and the output of the fourth comparator, and the output is connected to the first input of the fifth comparator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the sixth integrator and the input of the second divider the division unit, and the output is connected to the control input of the third division unit, the dividend input of which is connected to the output of the second division unit, the input of the divider of the third division unit is connected inen with the output of the first adder, and the output is the seventh output of the device, the output of the second amplifier is connected to the first input of the second adder and the first input of the first subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the second adder and the output of the fourth amplifier, and the output is connected to the input of the second large-scale an amplifier whose output is connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the output of the second subtraction unit, the first input which is connected to the output of the second adder, and the second input is connected to the output of the fourth large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the first input of the third subtraction unit, the information input of the fourth memory unit and the first input of the third comparator, the second input of which is connected to the second inputs of the second and fourth comparators and the output of the third memory block, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the output of the fourth memory block is connected to the second input of the third subtraction unit, the output is It is connected to the input of the divisible second division block, an additional control unit, two memory blocks, a frequency divider, two scale amplifiers, a switch, a division block, two quadrators, two multiplication blocks, two subtraction blocks and four adders are added, while the output of the first amplifier is connected with the information input of the second switch, the information inputs of the third and fourth adders and the input of the first quadrator, the output of which is connected to the information input of the fifth adder, the output of which is connected to the input of the heel a large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first information input of the fourth subtraction unit, the second information input of which is connected to the output of the second quadrator, the input of which is connected to the output of the third adder and the first information input of the second multiplication unit, the second information input of which is connected to the output of the fourth adder, and the output is connected to the first information input of the fifth subtraction unit, the second information input of which is connected to the pole output through the sixth scale amplifier of the adder, and the output is connected to the input of the divisible fourth division block, the input of the divider of which is connected to the output of the fourth subtraction unit, and the output is connected to the eighth output of the device, the first output of the second switch is connected to the input of the fifth memory block, the second output of the second switch is connected to the input of the sixth a memory block, the output of which is connected to the first information input of the third multiplication block, the second information input of which is connected to the output of the fifth memory block, and the output is connected to the information input m of the sixth adder, the extremator output is connected to the first input of the control unit and the first input of the third frequency divider, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first comparator and the second input of the control unit, and the output is connected to the third input of the control unit, the first output of the control unit is connected to the control inputs the third and fifth adders, the second output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the second switch, the third output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the third multiplication unit, fourth the th output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the sixth adder, the fifth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the fourth adder, the sixth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the second multiplication unit, the seventh output of the control unit is connected to the control inputs of the fourth and fifth subtraction units, eighth output the control unit is connected to the control input of the fourth division unit.

The drawing shows a diagram of the device.

The device contains a pulse heating source 1, sample 2, control unit 3, heating pulse duration sensor 4, thermocouples 5-8, amplifiers 9-12, integrators 13-19, memory blocks 20-25, comparators 26-30, dividers 31-33 frequencies, scale amplifiers 34-39, differentiator 40, extremator 41, reference voltage source 42, switches 43, 44, division blocks 45-48, quadrants 49, 50, multiplication blocks 51-53, subtraction blocks 54-58, adders 59- 64.

The pulse heating source 1 is optically coupled to the sensor 4 and sample 2. The first thermocouple 5 is located on the surface of sample 2 in the center of a heating spot having a radius r ₀ . The second 6, third 7 and fourth 8 thermocouples are located at points i-1, i, i + 1 on the surface of sample 2 on a straight line passing through the center of the heating spot at distances r _i-1 , r _i , r _{i + 1} from the center heating spots, respectively; r _i-1 > r ₀ , r _i -r _i-1 = r _{i + 1} -r _i = Δr. The values of the dead zones of the comparators 26-30 are the same and exceed the maximum value of the error in measuring the surface temperature of the sample 2 with thermocouples 5-8.

The input of the pulse heating source 1 is connected to a start terminal. The first thermocouple 5 is connected to the input of the first amplifier 9. The output of the first amplifier 9 is connected to the input of the differentiator 40, the input of the divider of the first division unit 45 and the information inputs of the first switch 43, the first 20, the second 21, and the third 22 memory blocks. The first control input of the first integrator 13 is connected to the output of the first comparator 26, the second control input of the first switch 43 and the input of the first frequency divider 31. The information inputs of the first 13, second 14, sixth 18 and seventh 19 integrators are connected to the output of the source 42 of the reference voltage. The output of the second integrator 14 is connected to the input of the first large-scale amplifier 34 and the second input of the first multiplication unit 51. The output of the differentiator 40 is connected to the first input of the first multiplication unit 51. The output of the first multiplication unit 51 is connected to the input of the dividend first division unit 45. The output of the first division unit 45 connected to the input of the extremator 41. The output of the extremator 41 is connected to the second control input of the first integrator 13, the first control inputs of the second 14, third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators and the first control input switch 43. The output of the sensor 4 is connected to the third control input of the first integrator 13, the second control input of the second integrator 14, the control input of the first memory unit 20 and the third control input of the first switch 43. The first output of the first switch 43 is connected to the information input of the third integrator 15, the second output of the first switch 43 is connected to the information input of the fourth integrator 16, the third output of the first switch 43 is connected to the information input of the fifth integrator 17. The output of the first scale The amplifier 34 is connected to the first input of the first comparator 26 and the first B1 output of the device. The output of the first integrator 13 is connected to the second input of the first comparator 26. The output of the first frequency divider 31 is connected to the second control inputs of the third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators and the input of the second frequency divider 32. The output of the second frequency divider 32 is connected to the control input of the second memory unit 21. The outputs of the third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators are connected to the second B2, third B3 and fourth B4 outputs of the device, respectively. The outputs of the first 20 and second 21 memory blocks are connected to the fifth B5 and sixth B6 outputs of the device, respectively. The second thermocouple 6 is connected to the input of the second amplifier 10. The output of the second amplifier 10 is connected to the first input of the second comparator 27, the first input of the first subtraction unit 54 and the first input of the second adder 60. The third thermocouple 7 is connected to the input of the third amplifier 11. The output of the third amplifier 11 is connected with the first input of the third comparator 28, the information input of the fourth memory unit 23, the first input of the third subtraction unit 56 and the input of the fourth scale amplifier 37. The fourth thermocouple 8 is connected to the input of the fourth amplifier 12 The output of the fourth amplifier 12 is connected to the first input of the fourth comparator 29, the second input of the first subtraction unit 54 and the second input of the second adder 60. The output of the second comparator 27 is connected to the first control input of the sixth integrator 18. The output of the third comparator 28 is connected to the second control input of the sixth integrator 18. The output of the fourth comparator 29 is connected to the second control input of the seventh integrator 19 and the second control input of the fourth memory unit 23. The first control input of the fourth memory unit 23 is connected to etim control input of said sixth integrator 18, a first control input 19 of the seventh integrator, the third input of the control unit memory 22 and the trigger terminal. The output of the third memory block 22 is connected to the second inputs of the second 27, third 28 and fourth 29 comparators. The output of the sixth integrator 18 is connected to the input of the divider of the second division unit 46 and the second input of the fifth comparator 30. The output of the seventh integrator 19 is connected to the first input of the fifth comparator 30. The output of the fifth comparator 30 is connected to the control input of the third division unit 47. The output of the first subtraction unit 54 is connected with the input of the second large-scale amplifier 35. The output of the second large-scale amplifier 35 is connected to the first input of the first adder 59. The output of the fourth memory block 23 is connected to the second input of the third subtraction unit 56. The output of the third subtraction lock 56 is connected to the input of the dividend second division block 39. The output of the second division block 39 is connected to the input of the dividend third division block 47. The output of the second adder 60 is connected to the first input of the second subtraction block 55. The output of the fourth scale amplifier 37 is connected to the second input of the second block subtraction 55. The output of the second subtraction unit 55 is connected to the input of the third scale amplifier 36. The output of the third scale amplifier 36 is connected to the second input of the first adder 59. The output of the first adder 59 is connected to the input For the third division block 47. The output of the third division block 47 is connected to the seventh B7 output of the device. The output of the first amplifier 9 is connected to the information input of the second switch 44, the information inputs of the third 61 and fourth 62 adders and the input of the first quadrator 49. The output of the first quadrator 49 is connected to the information input of the fifth adder 63. The output of the fifth adder 63 is connected to the input of the fifth scale amplifier 38. The output of the fifth scale amplifier 38 is connected to the first information input of the fourth subtraction unit 57. The second information input of the fourth subtraction block 57 is connected to the output of the second quadrator 50. The output of the third adder 61 is connected to the input of the second quadrator 50 and the first information input of the second multiplication block 52. The output of the fourth adder 62 is connected to the second information input of the second multiplication unit 52. The output of the second multiplication block 52 is connected to the first information input of the fifth subtraction block 58. The output of the sixth adder 64 is connected to the input of the sixth scale amplifier 39. The output of the sixth scale amplifier 39 is connected to the second information input of the fifth subtraction unit 58. The output of the fifth subtraction unit 58 is connected to the input of the dividendable fourth division unit 48. The output of the fourth subtraction unit 57 is connected to the input of the divider of the fourth division unit 48. The output of the fourth division unit 48 is connected to the eighth output B8 of the device. The first output of the second switch 44 is connected to the input of the fifth memory block 24. The second output of the second switch 44 is connected to the input of the sixth memory unit 25. The output of the sixth memory unit 25 is connected to the first information input of the third multiplication unit 53. The output of the fifth memory block 24 is connected to the second information input of the third multiplication block 53. The output of the third multiplication unit 53 is connected to the information input of the sixth adder 64. The output of the extremator 41 is connected to the first input of the control unit 3 and the first input of the third frequency divider 33. The output of the first comparator 26 is connected to the second input of the third frequency divider 33 and the second input of the control unit 3. The output of the third frequency divider 33 is connected to the third input of the control unit 3. The first output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control inputs of the third 61 and fifth 63 adders. The second output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the second switch 44. The third output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the third multiplication unit 53. The fourth output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the sixth adder 64. The fifth output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the fourth adder 62. The sixth output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the second multiplication unit 52. The seventh output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control inputs of the fourth 57 and fifth of 58 blocks of subtraction. The eighth output of the control unit 3 is connected to the control input of the fourth division unit 48.

The device operates as follows.

When you start the device, the signal is input to the source 1 of the pulse heating. Source 1 starts, and the heat flux from source 1 enters the surface of sample 2 and the input of the sensor 4. The surface temperature of sample 2 at the center of the heating spot is measured by the first thermocouple 5, the output signal of which is amplified by the first amplifier 9 and fed to the information inputs of the first 20 and the second 21 memory blocks, switch 43, the input of the divider of the first block 45 of the division and the input of the differentiator 40.

When triggered at time t _{and the} sensor 4, the signal from its output goes to the third control input of the first integrator 13, the second control input of the second integrator 14, the third control input of the switch 43 and the control input of the first memory unit 20. The first 13 and second 14 integrators, the switch 43 and the first memory unit 20 are reset. The initial state of the first integrator 13 corresponds to a state in which the first integrator 13 is in storage mode and there is no signal at its output (zero state). The initial state of the second integrator 14 corresponds to a state in which the second integrator 14 is in the integration mode and there is no signal at its output. The initial state of the switch 43 corresponds to a state in which the information input of the switch 43 is disconnected from its first, second and third outputs. The initial state of the first memory block 20 corresponds to the recording mode of the magnitude of the signal received at the information input of the first memory block 20 from the output of the first amplifier 9. The value of the signal at the output of the first amplifier 9 corresponding to the value T _and the surface temperature of the sample 2 in the center is recorded in the first memory block 20 heating spots at time t _and . From the output of the first memory unit 20, a signal corresponding to the value of T _and the surface temperature of the sample 2 in the center of the heating spot at time t _and enters the fifth B5 output of the device. From the output of the differentiator 40, a signal proportional to the first derivative T ^! the temperature T of the surface of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot, enters the first input of the first multiplication unit 51. A signal is input to the second input of the multiplication unit 51 from the output of the second integrator 14, the value of which is proportional to the time interval τ, during which the second integrator 14 is in the integration mode. From the output of the multiplication block 51, a signal is received at the input of the divisible first division block 45, the value of which is proportional to the product τT ^! . From the output of the first amplifier 9, a signal is received at the input of the divider of the first division unit 45, the value of which is proportional to the temperature T of the surface temperature of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot. From the output of the first block 45 of the division to the input of the extremator 41 receives a signal whose magnitude is proportional to the quotient of dividing the magnitude of the signal proportional to the product τT ^! , by the signal proportional to the temperature T of the surface of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot.

When at time t _{m the} signal at the output of the first division unit 45 of the minimum value reaches the extremator 41. The signal from the output of the extremator 41 is fed to the second control input of the first integrator 13, the first control inputs of the second 14, third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators and the first control input of the switch 43. The first integrator 13 is transferred to the mode of integration of the magnitude of the signal supplied to its information input from the output of the reference voltage source 42. The second integrator 14 is put into storage mode. The integrators 15-17 are set to the zero state and to the integration mode of the signals received at their information inputs from the outputs of the switch 43. The switch 43 is set to such a state that the signal received at its information input from the output of the first amplifier 9 is fed to the first output switch 43. From the output of the first amplifier 9, the signal through switch 43 is fed to the information input of the third integrator 15. At the first input of the first comparator 26 through the first scale amplifier 34, the gain which k ₁ = 0.1, the signal from the output of the second integrator 14. The signal from the output of the first integrator 13 is received at the second input of the first comparator 26.

When the equality at time t ₁ signals at the inputs of the first comparator 26 is activated. The signal from the output of the first comparator 26 is fed to the first control input of the first integrator 13, the input of the first frequency divider 31 and the second control input of the first switch 43. The integrator 13 is set to zero. The switch 43 is set in a state in which its information input is disconnected from the first output and connected to the second output. From the output of the first amplifier 9, the signal through the switch 43 is fed to the information input of the fourth integrator 16.

If at a time t _{2 the} signals at the inputs are equal, the first comparator 26 is again triggered. The signal from the output of the first comparator 26 is fed to the first control input of the first integrator 13, the input of the first frequency divider 31 and the second control input of the switch 43. The first integrator 13 is set to zero. The switch 43 is set in a state in which its information input is disconnected from the second output and connected to the third output. From the output of the first amplifier 9, the signal through the switch 43 is fed to the information input of the fifth integrator 17.

If at a time t _{3 the} signals at the inputs are equal, the first comparator 26 is again triggered. The signal from the output of the first comparator 26 is fed to the first control input of the first integrator 13, the input of the first frequency divider 31 and the second control input of the switch 43. The first integrator 13 is set to zero. The switch 43 is set in a state in which its information input is disconnected from the third output. The first frequency divider 31, the division coefficient of which K ₁ = 3, is triggered, and the signal from its output goes to the input of the second frequency divider 32 and the second control inputs of the integrators 15-17. Integrators 15-17 are set to storage mode. The signals from the outputs of the third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators are fed to the second B2, third B3 and fourth B4 outputs of the device, respectively.

The first frequency divider 31 also operates at times t ₆ , t ₉ , t ₁₂ , etc. The signal from the output of the first frequency divider 31 is fed to the input of the second frequency divider 32. When the signals at the inputs are equal at time t _{60, the} first comparator 26 is activated for the sixtieth time. The signal from the output of the first comparator 26 is fed to the input of the first frequency divider 31. The first frequency divider 31 operates for the twentieth time. The signal from the output of the first frequency divider 31 is fed to the input of the second frequency divider 32. The second frequency divider 32, the division coefficient of which K ₂ = 20, is triggered. The signal from the output of the second frequency divider 32 is fed to the control input of the second memory unit 21. The second memory unit 21 is set to a recording mode. In the second memory unit 21, the signal value is recorded at the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the temperature T _{to the} surface of the sample 2 in the center of the heating spot at time t ₆₀ . From the output of the second memory unit 21, a signal corresponding to the temperature T _{to the} surface of the sample 2 in the center of the heating spot at time t ₆₀ is supplied to the sixth output device B6.

When starting the device, the signal from the starting terminal also goes to the third control input of the sixth integrator 18, the first control input of the seventh integrator 19, the control input of the third memory unit 22 and the first control input of the fourth memory unit 23. Sixth 18 and seventh 19 integrators, the third 22 and fourth 23 memory blocks are set to their original state. The initial state of the sixth integrator 18 corresponds to a state in which the sixth integrator 18 is in storage mode and there is no signal at the output of the sixth integrator 18 (zero state). The initial state of the seventh integrator 19 corresponds to a state in which the seventh integrator 19 is in storage mode and there is no signal at the output of the seventh integrator 19 (zero state). The initial state of the third memory block 22 corresponds to the storage mode. At the output of the third memory block 22, the value of the signal in the initial state corresponds to the surface temperature of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot when starting the device measured by the first thermocouple 5. The initial state of the fourth memory block 23 corresponds to the recording mode. At the output of the fourth memory block 23, the signal value in the initial state corresponds to the temperature value T _i measured by the third thermocouple 7 at point i on the surface of sample 2 when the device is started.

The signals from the outputs of the second 6, third 7 and fourth 8 thermocouples are amplified by the second 10, third 11 and fourth 12 amplifiers, respectively. The signal from the output of the second amplifier 10, corresponding to the temperature value T _i-1 at point i-1 on the surface of sample 2, is supplied to the first input of the second comparator 27, the first input of the first subtraction unit 54 and the first input of the second adder 60. The signal from the output of the third amplifier 11, corresponding to the temperature value T _i at point i on the surface of sample 2, is fed to the first input of the third comparator 28, the information input of the fourth memory unit 23, the first input of the third subtraction unit 56 and the input of the fourth scale amplifier 37, gain I whose k ₄ = 2. The signal from the output of the fourth large-scale amplifier 37, corresponding to the product 2T _i , is fed to the second input of the second subtraction unit 55. The signal from the output of the fourth amplifier 12, corresponding to the temperature value T _{i + 1} at point i + 1 on the surface of sample 2, is fed to the first input the fourth comparator 29, the second input of the first subtraction unit 54 and the second input of the second adder 60.

The signal from the output of the third memory block 22 is supplied to the second inputs of the second 27, third 28 and fourth 29 comparators. The signal from the output of the first subtraction block 54, corresponding to the temperature difference T _{i + 1} -T _i-1 at points i + 1 and i-1 on the surface of sample 2, is input to the second large-scale amplifier 35, the gain k _{2 of} which corresponds to the ratio 1 / (2r _i Δr), Δr = r _i -r _i-1 . The signal from the output of the second large-scale amplifier 35, corresponding to the ratio (T _{i + 1} -T _i-1 ) / (2r _i Δr), is supplied to the first input of the first adder 59. The signal from the output of the second adder 60 corresponding to the sum of T _{i + 1} + T _{i-1 of} temperatures at points i + 1 and i-1 on the surface of sample 2, is fed to the first input of the second subtraction unit 55. The signal from the output of the second subtraction unit 55, corresponding to the difference (T _{i + 1} + T _i-1 ) - 2T _i , is fed to the input of the third large-scale amplifier 36, the gain k _{3 of} which corresponds to the ratio 1 / (Δr) ² . The signal from the output of the third large-scale amplifier 36, corresponding to the relation (T _{i + 1} + T _i-1 -2T _i ) / (Δr) ² , is supplied to the second input of the first adder 59. The signal from the output of the first adder 59, corresponding to the sum F ₁ = (T _{i + 1} -T _i-1 ) / (2t _i Δr) + (T _{i + 1} + T _i-1 -2T _i ) / (Δr) ² , is input to the divider of the third division unit 47.

When at time t _{i-1 the} signal at the first input of the second comparator 27 reaches a level that exceeds the signal level at its second input by the deadband, the signal from the output of the second comparator 27 goes to the first control input of the sixth integrator 18. The sixth integrator 18 is translated into integration mode of the signal supplied to the information input from the output of the source 42 of the reference voltage.

When at time t _{i the} signal at the first input of the third comparator 28 reaches a level that exceeds the signal level at its second input by the deadband, the signal from the output of the third comparator 28 goes to the second control input of the sixth integrator 18. The sixth integrator 18 is put into storage mode . The signal corresponding to the time interval Δt = t _i -t _i-1 , from the output of the sixth integrator 18 is fed to the second input of the fifth comparator 30 and the input of the divider of the second division unit 46.

When at time t _{i + 1 the} signal at the first input of the fourth comparator 29 reaches a level that exceeds the signal level at its second input by the deadband, the signal from the output of the fourth comparator 29 goes to the second control input of the seventh integrator 19 and the second control input of the fourth block memory 23. The seventh integrator 19 is transferred to the integration mode of the signal supplied to its information input from the output of the source 42 of the reference voltage. The fourth memory block 23 is put into storage mode.

The signal from the output of the fourth memory block 23, corresponding to the value T _{i1 of} the surface temperature of sample 2 at point i at the time t _{i + 1 of} the fourth comparator 29, is fed to the second input of the third subtraction block 56. The signal from the output of the third subtraction block 56, corresponding to the difference T _i -T _i1 , is input to the dividend of the second division unit 46. The signal from the output of the second division unit 46, corresponding to the ratio F ₂ = (T _i -T _i1 ) / Δt, is input to the dividend of the third division unit 47.

From the output of the seventh integrator 19, the signal is supplied to the first input of the fifth comparator 30. When the signals at the inputs are equal at time t ^{*, the} fifth comparator 30 is triggered. The signal from the output of the fifth comparator 30 is fed to the control input of the third division unit 47. The third division unit 47 is triggered. The signal from the output of the third division unit 47, corresponding to the ratio F ₂ / F ₁ at the time t ^{* of} operation of the fifth comparator 30, is supplied to the seventh output B7 of the device.

At time t _{m, the} signal from the output of the extremator 41 also enters the first input of the control unit 3 and the first input of the third frequency division unit 33. The control unit 3 is set to its initial state. The initial state of the control unit 3 corresponds to a state in which there are no signals at the outputs of the control unit 3. The third frequency division unit 33 is set to the initial (zero) state.

температуры T₁ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₁. Сигнал с выхода пятого сумматора 63 поступает на вход пятого масштабного усилителя 38. Сигнал с выхода пятого масштабного усилителя 38 поступает на второй вход четвертого блока 57 вычитания. Сигнал со второго выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления второго переключателя 44. Второй переключатель 44 устанавливается в такое состояние, при котором сигнал с выхода первого усилителя 9 через второй переключатель 44 поступает на вход пятого блока 24 памяти. В пятом блоке 24 памяти сохраняется величина сигнала, соответствующая температуре T₁ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₁. Сигнал с выхода пятого блока 24 памяти поступает на первый вход третьего блока 53 умножения.At time t _{1, the} signal from the output of the first comparator 26 also enters the second input of the control unit 3 and the second input of the third frequency division unit 33. The signal from the first output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control inputs of the third adder 61 and the fifth adder 63. The first term is recorded in the third adder 61 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the third adder 61 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the temperature T _{1 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₁ . The signal from the output of the third adder 61 is fed to the first input of the second block 52 of multiplication and the input of the second quadrator 50. From the output of the second quadrator 50, the signal goes to the first input of the fourth block 57 of subtraction. In the fifth adder 63, the first term is recorded - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fifth adder 63 through the quadrator 49 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the square $$T_{\mathrm{one}}^2$$

temperature T _{1 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₁ . The signal from the output of the fifth adder 63 is fed to the input of the fifth scale amplifier 38. The signal from the output of the fifth scale amplifier 38 is fed to the second input of the fourth subtraction unit 57. The signal from the second output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second switch 44. The second switch 44 is set in such a state that the signal from the output of the first amplifier 9 through the second switch 44 is input to the fifth memory unit 24. In the fifth memory block 24, a signal value is stored corresponding to the temperature T _{1 of the} surface of the sample 2 at time t ₁ . The signal from the output of the fifth block 24 of the memory is supplied to the first input of the third block 53 of the multiplication.

температуры T₂ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₂. Сигнал с выхода пятого сумматора 63 поступает на вход пятого масштабного усилителя 38. Сигнал с выхода пятого масштабного усилителя 38 поступает на второй вход четвертого блока 57 вычитания. Сигнал со второго выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления второго переключателя 44. Второй переключатель 44 устанавливается в такое состояние, при котором сигнал с выхода первого усилителя 9 через второй переключатель 44 поступает на вход шестого блока 25 памяти. В шестом блоке 25 памяти сохраняется величина сигнала, соответствующая температуре T₂ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₂. Сигнал с выхода шестого блока 25 памяти поступает на второй вход третьего блока 53 умножения. Сигнал с третьего выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления третьего блока 53 умножения. Третий блок 53 умножения срабатывает. На выходе третьего блока 53 умножения появляется сигнал, соответствующий произведению T₁T₂. Сигнал с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения поступает на вход шестого сумматора 64. Сигнал с четвертого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления шестого сумматора 64. В шестом сумматоре 64 записывается первое слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход шестого сумматора 64 с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения, соответствующая произведению T₁T₂. Сигнал с пятого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления четвертого сумматора 62. В четвертом сумматоре 62 записывается первое слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход четвертого сумматора 62 с выхода первого усилителя 9, соответствующая температуре T₂ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₂. Сигнал с выхода четвертого сумматора 62 поступает на второй вход второго блока 52 умножения.At time t _{2, the} signal from the output of the first comparator 26 also enters the second input of the control unit 3 and the second control input of the third frequency division unit 33. The signal from the first output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control inputs of the third adder 61 and the fifth adder 63. The second term is recorded in the third adder 61 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the third adder 61 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the surface temperature T ₂ of sample 2 at time t ₂ . The signal from the output of the third adder 61 is fed to the first input of the second block 52 of multiplication and the input of the second quadrator 50. From the output of the second quadrator 50, the signal goes to the first input of the fourth block 57 of the subtraction. In the fifth adder 63, the second term is recorded - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fifth adder 63 through the quadrator 49 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the square $$T_2^2$$

temperature T _{2 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₂ . The signal from the output of the fifth adder 63 is fed to the input of the fifth scale amplifier 38. The signal from the output of the fifth scale amplifier 38 is fed to the second input of the fourth subtraction unit 57. The signal from the second output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second switch 44. The second switch 44 is set in such a state that the signal from the output of the first amplifier 9 through the second switch 44 is input to the sixth memory unit 25. In the sixth memory block 25, a signal value is stored corresponding to the temperature T _{2 of the} surface of the sample 2 at time t ₂ . The signal from the output of the sixth block 25 of the memory is supplied to the second input of the third block 53 of the multiplication. The signal from the third output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the third multiplication unit 53. The third block 53 multiplication is triggered. At the output of the third multiplication block 53, a signal appears corresponding to the product T ₁ T ₂ . The signal from the output of the third multiplication unit 53 is fed to the input of the sixth adder 64. The signal from the fourth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the sixth adder 64. The first term is recorded in the sixth adder 64 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the sixth adder 64 from the output of the third block 53 multiplication corresponding to the product T ₁ T ₂ . The signal from the fifth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the fourth adder 62. The first term is recorded in the fourth adder 62 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fourth adder 62 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the temperature T _{2 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₂ . The signal from the output of the fourth adder 62 is fed to the second input of the second block 52 of the multiplication.

температуры T₃ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₃. Сигнал с выхода пятого сумматора 63 поступает на вход пятого масштабного усилителя 38. Сигнал с выхода пятого масштабного усилителя 38 поступает на второй вход четвертого блока 57 вычитания. Сигнал со второго выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления второго переключателя 44. Второй переключатель 44 устанавливается в такое состояние, при котором сигнал с выхода первого усилителя 9 через второй переключатель 44 поступает на вход пятого блока 24 памяти. В пятом блоке 24 памяти сохраняется величина сигнала, соответствующая температуре T₃ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₃. Сигнал с выхода пятого блока 24 памяти поступает на первый вход третьего блока 53 умножения. Сигнал с третьего выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления третьего блока 53 умножения. Третий блок 53 умножения срабатывает. На выходе третьего блока 53 умножения появляется сигнал, соответствующий произведению T₂T₃. Сигнал с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения поступает на вход шестого сумматора 64. Сигнал с четвертого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления шестого сумматора 64. В шестом сумматоре 64 записывается второе слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход шестого сумматора 64 с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения, соответствующая произведению T₂T₃. Сигнал с пятого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления четвертого сумматора 62. В четвертом сумматоре 62 записывается второе слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход четвертого сумматора 62 с выхода первого усилителя 9, соответствующая температуре T₃ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₂. Сигнал с выхода четвертого сумматора 62 поступает на второй вход второго блока 52 умножения.At time t _{3, the} signal from the output of the first comparator 26 also enters the second input of the control unit 3 and the second input of the third frequency division unit 33. The signal from the first output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control inputs of the third adder 61 and the fifth adder 63. The third term is recorded in the third adder 61 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the third adder 61 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the temperature T _{3 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₃ . The signal from the output of the third adder 61 is fed to the first input of the second block 52 of multiplication and the input of the second quadrator 50. From the output of the second quadrator 50, the signal goes to the first input of the fourth block 57 of subtraction. In the fifth adder 63, the third term is recorded - the value of the signal supplied to the information input of the fifth adder 63 through the quadrator 49 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the square $$T_3^2$$

temperature T _{3 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₃ . The signal from the output of the fifth adder 63 is fed to the input of the fifth scale amplifier 38. The signal from the output of the fifth scale amplifier 38 is fed to the second input of the fourth subtraction unit 57. The signal from the second output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second switch 44. The second switch 44 is set in such a state that the signal from the output of the first amplifier 9 through the second switch 44 is input to the fifth memory unit 24. In the fifth memory block 24, a signal value is stored corresponding to the temperature T _{3 of the} surface of the sample 2 at time t ₃ . The signal from the output of the fifth block 24 of the memory is supplied to the first input of the third block 53 of the multiplication. The signal from the third output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the third multiplication unit 53. The third block 53 multiplication is triggered. At the output of the third multiplication block 53, a signal appears corresponding to the product T ₂ T ₃ . The signal from the output of the third multiplication unit 53 is fed to the input of the sixth adder 64. The signal from the fourth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the sixth adder 64. The second term is recorded in the sixth adder 64 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the sixth adder 64 from the output of the third block 53 multiplication corresponding to the product of T ₂ T ₃ . The signal from the fifth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the fourth adder 62. The second term is recorded in the fourth adder 62 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fourth adder 62 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the temperature T _{3 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₂ . The signal from the output of the fourth adder 62 is fed to the second input of the second block 52 of the multiplication.

, поступает на первый вход четвертого блока 57 вычитания. В пятом сумматоре 63 записывается четвертое слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход пятого сумматора 63 через квадратор 49 с выхода первого усилителя 9, соответствующая квадрату $$T_4^2$$

температуры T₄ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени T₄. Сигнал с выхода пятого сумматора 63 поступает на вход пятого масштабного усилителя 38, коэффициент усиления которого равен k₅=4. Сигнал с выхода пятого масштабного усилителя 38, соответствующий произведению $$4{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i^2}$$

, поступает на второй вход четвертого блока 57 вычитания. Сигнал со второго выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления второго переключателя 44. Второй переключатель 44 устанавливается в такое состояние, при котором сигнал с выхода первого усилителя 9 через второй переключатель 44 поступает на вход шестого блока 25 памяти. В шестом блоке 25 памяти сохраняется величина сигнала, соответствующая температуре T₄ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₄. Сигнал с выхода шестого блока 25 памяти поступает на второй вход третьего блока 53 умножения. Сигнал с третьего выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления третьего блока 53 умножения. Третий блок 53 умножения срабатывает. На выходе третьего блока 53 умножения появляется сигнал, соответствующий произведению T₃T₄. Сигнал с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения поступает на вход шестого сумматора 64. Сигнал с четвертого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления шестого сумматора 64. В шестом сумматоре 64 записывается третье слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход шестого сумматора 64 с выхода третьего блока 53 умножения, соответствующая произведению T₃T₄. Сигнал с пятого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления четвертого сумматора 62. В четвертом сумматоре 62 записывается третье слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход четвертого сумматора 62 с выхода первого усилителя 9, соответствующая температуре T₄ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₄. Сигнал с выхода четвертого сумматора 62 поступает на второй вход второго блока 52 умножения.At time t _{4, the} signal from the output of the first comparator 26 also enters the second input of the control unit 3 and the second control input of the third frequency division unit 33. The signal from the first output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control inputs of the third adder 61 and the fifth adder 63. The fourth term is recorded in the third adder 61 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the third adder 61 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to temperature T _{4 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₄ . The signal from the output of the third adder 61 is fed to the first input of the second block 52 of multiplication and the input of the second square 50. From the output of the second square 50, the signal corresponding to the square of the sum $${({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i})}^2$$

arrives at the first input of the fourth block 57 subtraction. In the fifth adder 63, the fourth term is recorded - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fifth adder 63 through the quadrator 49 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the square $$T_{\mathrm{four}}^2$$

temperature T _{4 of the} surface of sample 2 at time T ₄ . The signal from the output of the fifth adder 63 is fed to the input of the fifth large-scale amplifier 38, the gain of which is equal to k ₅ = 4. The output signal of the fifth scale amplifier 38, corresponding to the product $$\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i^2}$$

arrives at the second input of the fourth block 57 subtraction. The signal from the second output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second switch 44. The second switch 44 is set in such a state that the signal from the output of the first amplifier 9 through the second switch 44 is input to the sixth memory unit 25. In the sixth memory block 25, a signal value is stored corresponding to the temperature T _{4 of the} surface of the sample 2 at time t ₄ . The signal from the output of the sixth block 25 of the memory is supplied to the second input of the third block 53 of the multiplication. The signal from the third output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the third multiplication unit 53. The third block 53 multiplication is triggered. At the output of the third multiplication block 53, a signal appears corresponding to the product T ₃ T ₄ . The signal from the output of the third multiplication unit 53 is fed to the input of the sixth adder 64. The signal from the fourth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the sixth adder 64. The third term is recorded in the sixth adder 64 - the magnitude of the signal fed to the information input of the sixth adder 64 from the output of the third block 53 multiplication corresponding to the product of T ₃ T ₄ . The signal from the fifth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the fourth adder 62. In the fourth adder 62, the third term is recorded - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fourth adder 62 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to temperature T _{4 of the} surface of sample 2 at time t ₄ . The signal from the output of the fourth adder 62 is fed to the second input of the second block 52 of the multiplication.

, поступает на первый вход пятого блока 58 вычитания. Сигнал с пятого выхода блока 3 управления поступает на вход управления четвертого сумматора 62. В четвертом сумматоре 62 записывается четвертое слагаемое - величина сигнала, поступающего на информационный вход четвертого сумматора 62 с выхода первого усилителя 9, соответствующая температуре T₅ поверхности образца 2 в момент времени t₅. Сигнал с выхода четвертого сумматора 62 поступает на второй вход второго 52 блока умножения. Сигнал с шестого выхода блока управления 3 поступает на вход управления второго блока 52 умножения. Второй блок 52 умножения срабатывает. Сигнал с выхода второго блока 52 умножения, соответствующий произведению $${\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_{i+1}}$$

, поступает на второй вход пятого блока 58 вычитания. Сигнал с седьмого выхода блока управления 3 поступает на входы управления четвертого 57 и пятого 58 блоков вычитания. Четвертый блок 57 вычитания срабатывает. Сигнал с выхода четвертого блока 57 вычитания, соответствующий разности $${({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i})}^2-4{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i^2}$$

, поступает на вход делителя четвертого блока 48 деления. Пятый блок 58 вычитания срабатывает. Сигнал с выхода пятого блока 58 вычитания, соответствующий разности $${\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_{i+1}}-4{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i{T}_{i+1}}$$

, поступает на вход делимого четвертого блока 48 деления. Сигнал с восьмого выхода блока управления 3 поступает на вход управления четвертого блока 48 деления. Четвертый блок 48 деления срабатывает. Сигнал с выхода четвертого блока 48 деления, соответствующий отношению $$({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_{i+1}}-4{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i{T}_{i+1}})/[{({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i})}^2-4{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^4{T}_i^2}]$$

, поступает на восьмой выход В8 устройства.At time t _{5, the} signal from the output of the first comparator 26 also enters the second input of the control unit 3 and the second input of the third frequency division unit 33. The signal from the second output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second switch 44. The second switch 44 is set in such a state that the signal from the output of the first amplifier 9 through the second switch 44 is input to the fifth memory unit 24. In the fifth memory block 24, a signal value is stored corresponding to the temperature T _{5 of the} surface of the sample 2 at time t ₅ . The signal from the output of the fifth block 24 of the memory is supplied to the first input of the third block 53 of the multiplication. The signal from the third output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the third multiplication unit 53. The third block 53 multiplication is triggered. At the output of the third multiplication block 53, a signal appears corresponding to the product T ₄ T ₅ . The signal from the output of the third multiplication unit 53 is fed to the input of the sixth adder 64. The signal from the fourth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the sixth adder 64. The fourth term is recorded in the sixth adder 64 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the sixth adder 64 from the output of the third block 53 multiplication corresponding to the product of T ₄ T ₅ . The signal from the output of the sixth adder 64 is fed to the input of the sixth scale amplifier 39, the gain of which is equal to k ₆ = 4. The output signal of the sixth scale amplifier 39, corresponding to the product $$\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}}$$

arrives at the first input of the fifth block 58 subtraction. The signal from the fifth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the fourth adder 62. The fourth term is recorded in the fourth adder 62 - the value of the signal fed to the information input of the fourth adder 62 from the output of the first amplifier 9, corresponding to the surface temperature T ₅ of sample 2 at time t ₅ . The signal from the output of the fourth adder 62 is fed to the second input of the second 52 multiplication block. The signal from the sixth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the second multiplication unit 52. The second block 52 of the multiplication is triggered. The output signal of the second block 52 of the multiplication corresponding to the product $${\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}}$$

arrives at the second input of the fifth block 58 subtraction. The signal from the seventh output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control inputs of the fourth 57 and fifth 58 units of subtraction. The fourth block 57 subtraction is triggered. The output signal of the fourth block 57 subtraction corresponding to the difference $${({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i})}^2-\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i^2}$$

arrives at the input of the divider of the fourth division block 48. The fifth block 58 subtraction is triggered. The signal from the output of the fifth block 58 subtraction corresponding to the difference $${\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}}-\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}}$$

, is input to a divisible fourth division block 48. The signal from the eighth output of the control unit 3 is fed to the control input of the fourth division unit 48. The fourth division block 48 is triggered. The output signal of the fourth block 48 division, corresponding to the ratio $$({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}}-\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i{T}_{i+\mathrm{one}}})/[{({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i})}^2-\mathrm{four}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{four}}{T}_i^2}]$$

arrives at the eighth output of the device B8.

, $$T_i^{*}$$

, $$T_{i+1}^{*}$$

в точках i-1, i, i+1 соответственно и вычисления величины a _х по формулеThus, in case of pulsed heating by radiation from a source 1 of pulsed heating of the surface of a planar opaque or translucent for radiation heating sample 2 of known thickness δ _{1, the} component a _{x of the} thermal diffusivity of material of sample 2, longitudinal from the surface of sample 2, obtained from the differential heat equation, presented in finite differences , determined by storing at time t _{i + 1 the} temperature T _i1 at point i, measuring at time t * temperatures $$T_{i-\mathrm{one}}^{*}$$

, $$T_i^{*}$$

, $$T_{i+\mathrm{one}}^{*}$$

at points i-1, i, i + 1, respectively, and calculating a _x by the formula

The component a _y, perpendicular to the surface of sample 2, of the thermal diffusivity coefficient of the material of sample 2 is determined by piecewise integration of the temperature curve with a constant time step Δτ = 0.1 (t _m -t _and ) set by the device itself, starting from the moment of the start of regularization of the temperature regime of sample 2, corresponding to the time t _m the minimum value of the function

where To is the criterion of thermal uniformity characterizing the thermal interaction of the heating pulse with the material of sample 2;

T ^! - the first derivative of the temperature of the material of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot;

τ = tt _and, t is the current time;

according to the formula

where ΔT is the magnitude of the signal at the output of the first large-scale amplifier 34;

,

,

- величины сигналов на выходах третьего 15, четвертого 16 и пятого 17 интеграторов соответственно.

,

,

- the magnitude of the signals at the outputs of the third 15, fourth 16 and fifth 17 integrators, respectively.

Other thermophysical characteristics of the material of sample 2 of known thickness δ _{1 are} determined through the amount of absorbed energy Q by the formulas:

where γ ₁ is the volumetric heat capacity of the material of sample 2;

λ _x , λ _y - longitudinal and perpendicular relative to the surface components of the thermal conductivity of the material of sample 2, respectively;

b _x , b _y - longitudinal and perpendicular relative to the surface components of the coefficient of heat absorption of the material of sample 2, respectively.

The absorption coefficient µ _{1 of the} material of sample 2 of known thickness δ ₁ for the excitation wavelength is determined by the iteration method from the equation

where T _κ is the steady-state temperature of the material of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot at time t ₆₀ through the time interval τ _κ = 6 (t _m -t _and ) after time t _{m the} beginning of the regularization of the temperature regime;

T _and is the temperature of the material of sample 2 in the center of the heating spot at time t _{and the} end of the heating pulse.

In case of pulsed heating by radiation from a source 1 of pulsed heating of the surface of a flat, opaque or translucent for radiation heating of an isotropic material of sample 2 of unknown thickness δ _{2, the} thermal diffusivity a ₂ = a _x - a _y is determined by formula (1).

Other thermophysical characteristics of the isotropic material of sample 2 of unknown thickness δ _{2 are} determined through the amount of absorbed energy Q by the formulas:

where γ ₂ is the volumetric heat capacity of the isotropic material of sample 2;

δ ₂ is the thickness of sample 2;

λ ₂ is the thermal conductivity of the isotropic material of sample 2;

b ₂ - heat transfer coefficient of the isotropic material of sample 2.

The thickness δ _{2 of} sample 2 is determined by the formula

.Where

.

The absorption coefficient µ _{2 of an} isotropic material of sample 2 of thickness δ ₂ for the excitation wavelength is determined by the iteration method from the equation

.

.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed device has enhanced functionality by determining the thermophysical characteristics of isotropic materials of samples whose thickness is unknown.

Claims (1)

A device for determining the characteristics of materials containing a source of pulsed heating, four thermocouples, four amplifiers, a differentiator, seven integrators, five comparators, four large-scale amplifiers, a sensor for the duration of a heating pulse, three division blocks, a multiplication block, an extremator, a switch, two frequency dividers, four a memory block, two adders, a reference voltage source and three subtraction units, while the first thermocouple is connected through the first amplifier to the input of the differentiator, the input of the divider of the first block of affairs The connection is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the first control input of the first integrator is connected to the output of the first comparator, and the information inputs of the first and second integrators are connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the outputs of the first large-scale amplifier, third, fourth and fifth integrators are the first, second, third and the fourth outputs of the device, respectively, the output of the second integrator is connected to the input of the first large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first comparator, the second input which is connected to the output of the first integrator, the output of the differentiator is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second integrator, and the output is connected to the input of the dividend first division unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the extremator, the output of which is connected to the second control input of the first integrator, the first control inputs of the second, third, fourth and fifth integrators and the first control input of the switch, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the first computer at the input and the first frequency divider input, the third control input of the switch is connected to the output of the heating pulse duration sensor, the third control input of the first integrator, the second control input of the second integrator and the control input of the first memory block, the output of which is the fifth output of the device, and the information input is connected to the output the first amplifier, the information inputs of the second memory block and the switch, the first output of which is connected to the information input of the third integrator, the second output the switch is connected to the information input of the fourth integrator, the third switch output is connected to the information input of the fifth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control inputs of the third and fourth integrators, the output of the first frequency divider and the input of the second frequency divider, the output of which is connected to the control input of the second unit memory, the output of which is the sixth output of the device, the input of the pulse heating source is connected to the start terminal, the outputs of the second, third and fourth thermocouples are connected through the second, third and fourth amplifiers to the first inputs of the second, third and fourth comparators, respectively, the output of the second comparator is connected to the first control input of the sixth integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the output of the third comparator, the third control input of the sixth integrator is connected to the first input control of the seventh integrator, start terminal, control input of the third memory unit and the first control input of the fourth memory unit, information input of the sixth the integrator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source and the information input of the seventh integrator, the second control input of which is connected to the second control input of the fourth memory unit and the output of the fourth comparator, and the output is connected to the first input of the fifth comparator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the sixth integrator and the input of the divider the second division block, and the output is connected to the control input of the third division block, the dividend input of which is connected to the output of the second division block, the input of the divider of the third bl The division window is connected to the output of the first adder, and the output is the seventh output of the device, the output of the second amplifier is connected to the first input of the second adder and the first input of the first subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the second input of the second adder and the output of the fourth amplifier, and the output is connected to the input the second large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the output of the second block the first input of which is connected to the output of the second adder, and the second input is connected to the output of the fourth large-scale amplifier, the input of which is connected to the first input of the third subtraction unit, the information input of the fourth memory unit and the first input of the third comparator, the second input of which is connected to the second inputs of the second and the fourth comparators and the output of the third memory block, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the output of the fourth memory block is connected to the second input of the third subtractor tania, the output of which is connected to the input of the divisible second division unit, characterized in that it further comprises a control unit, two memory units, a frequency divider, two scale amplifiers, a switch, a division unit, two quadrators, two multiplication units, two subtraction units and four adders wherein the output of the first amplifier is connected to the information input of the second switch, the information inputs of the third and fourth adders and the input of the first quad, the output of which is connected to the information input of the fifth adder whose output is connected to the input of the fifth large-scale amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first information input of the fourth subtraction unit, the second information input of which is connected to the output of the second quadrator, the input of which is connected to the output of the third adder and the first information input of the second multiplication unit, the second information input of which connected to the output of the fourth adder, and the output is connected to the first information input of the fifth subtraction block, the second information input of which through the sixth scale the amplifier is connected to the output of the sixth adder, and the output is connected to the input of the divisible fourth division block, the input of the divider is connected to the output of the fourth subtraction unit, and the output is connected to the eighth output of the device, the first output of the second switch is connected to the input of the fifth memory unit, the second output of the second the switch is connected to the input of the sixth memory block, the output of which is connected to the first information input of the third multiplication block, the second information input of which is connected to the output of the fifth memory block, the output is connected to the information input of the sixth adder, the output of the extremator is connected to the first input of the control unit and the first input of the third frequency divider, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first comparator and the second input of the control unit, and the output is connected to the third input of the control unit, the first output of the control unit connected to the control inputs of the third and fifth adders, the second output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the second switch, the third output of the control unit is connected to the control input the third multiplication unit, the fourth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the sixth adder, the fifth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the fourth adder, the sixth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the second multiplication unit, the seventh output of the control unit is connected to the control inputs of the fourth and fifth subtraction units, the eighth output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the fourth division unit.