RU2542525C2 - Watertight screen and screen manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to hydrotechnical construction and can be applied in waterproofing of irrigation channels. Watertight screen includes extended polymer panels laid overlapping on a prepared base and interconnected by 1.0-2.0 mm thick geomembrane band to form deformation fold. Before placement in channel beds, extended panels are made of flexible sheets out of polyolefin waste in the form of polymer sheets of 15-20 mm thickness, 1.5 m width and 15-20 m length. Flexible sheets are connected to form 10.0-11.5 m wide panels of the length equal to a channel perimeter. Geomembrane is made of polyolefin waste. Panels feature installation holes. Waterproofing element is attached to the slopes by metal anchors with sealing washers, hammered into ground through installation holes. Complete water tightness and hydraulic efficiency of channel bed is achieved. Due to significant thickness of waterproofing element, and deformation folds available, the waterproofing screen is highly reliable.

EFFECT: prevented water loss by penetration from irrigation channels, prevented swamping, salinisation and flooding of valuable agricultural lands, and thus improvement of meliorative and ecological situation in irrigated lands.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and can be used to create anti-filter protection of drainage channels.

A device is known for protecting slopes of hydraulic structures from erosion (SU AS No. 1409720, EV 3/16, BI No. 26 of 07/15/1988), consisting of ring-shaped elements and a film antifiltration element in the form of tapes that are laid in the underlying soil layer interconnected by overlapping joints.

The disadvantages of this coating:

- the wavy shape of the coating, accompanying the deposition of sediment, which negatively affects the hydraulic efficiency of the channel;

- the complexity of performing the coating.

A known method of creating an impermeable lining of the channel (SU A.S. No. 1289952, ЕВВ 5/02, 3/16, BI No. 6 of 02.15.1987), including laying on a film screen a shotcrete mixture, before applying which a reinforcing fiberglass material is laid. For the installation of seams on a fiberglass material before applying the mixture, wooden blocks are laid, which, after finishing. shotcrete are removed and rearranged to new areas during the construction of the cladding. At the bottom of the canal, a two-layer soil cushion is arranged, the thickness of which is brought to the design mark after the protective shotcrete coating of the channel is installed.

The disadvantages of this method:

- the high cost of the lining, due to the need to create a protective coating of shotcrete mixture and soil cushion;

- low operational reliability of the cladding due to cracking of the shotcrete mixture during operation;

- the complexity of the construction of the coating.

Known antifiltration coating for hydraulic structures (SU A.S. No. 8444656, ЕВВ 3/12, E02D 17/20, БИ No. 25 of 07/07/1981), made of panels of polymeric material with compensation folds, located on a soil base and equipped with elastic rods that pass through the ridges and troughs of the wave-like profile of flexible elements attached in separate sections to the panel, elastic rods are attached to the base by means of anchors and have deformability and elasticity greater than that of the material of the panels and flexible elements.

The disadvantages of this antifiltration coating include the low reliability of the coating associated with the damage to the panels of polymer material and elastic rods during operation of the coating with floating objects. In addition, during the operation of this design on the channels of irrigation systems, clogging of compensatory folds by aquatic vegetation will be observed, which will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of their operation, and in some cases to their complete jamming.

The closest technical solution is a method of creating an impervious screen with a geomembrane of polymer material (RU Patent No. 2374386, ЕВВ 3/16, BI No. 33 of 11/27/2009), including the preparation of a soil base, laying on it a waterproof geomembrane consisting of hermetically connected between a panel of polymeric material, a device for compensating deformations of a geomembrane with a butt connection of panels in the places of the device of compensators and overlapping joints from below and above by strips of material other than Therians geomembranes, protective layer of the screen device from soil or other materials.

The disadvantages of this method:

- the high cost of the screen due to the use of geomembrane, geotextiles and protective coating from soil or other materials;

- low operational reliability due to erosion and sliding of the protective coating of the impervious screen from soil or other materials.

A common drawback for all the analogues and prototype considered is that when installing these anti-filter coatings, the geomembrane is fixed on the edge of the slope in the groove, that is, it is necessary to provide mounting tolerances of 1.0-2.0 m, which leads to additional material consumption and higher cost designs.

The essence of the invention lies in the development of a design and a method of creating an anti-filter screen that prevents water loss by filtration from flexible polymer sheets 1.5 m wide, 15-20 m long, 15-20 mm thick, made from waste polyolefins and not requiring the creation of additional protective coatings from soil or other materials.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is the elimination of water loss for filtration, increasing the manufacturability of the creation of antifiltration coatings and reducing the material consumption while eliminating the waste of polyolefins and increasing the throughput of the channels.

The technical result is achieved by the use of an anti-filtration screen made of flexible polymer sheets 1.5 m wide, 15-20 m long and 15-20 mm thick, made from waste polyolefins laid according to the proposed method.

The anti-filter screen is arranged as follows. A channel bed is formed, for example, a semicircular or trapezoidal section. The canal bed is prepared, the base soil is cleaned of plant roots, boulders, and then compacted. Next, polymer materials are transported by truck and unloaded. A roll of polymer material is unwound and cut into sheets with a length equal to the perimeter of the channel (during construction or reconstruction of channels with a semicircular cross section), or the width of the bottom and length of the slope of the channel (during construction or reconstruction of channels with a trapezoidal cross section). The resulting sheet of polymer material is shifted to the side and produce a cut of the next sheet. Next, the sheets are joined in a panel with a width of 10-11.5 m and a length equal to the canal perimeter (during construction or reconstruction of canals with a semicircular cross section), and a width equal to the bottom width and canal slope length (during construction or reconstruction of canals with a trapezoidal cross section). Mounting holes are drilled in the resulting panel according to the proposed schemes. Then the cloth is lifted by a crane, fixing the slings in the mounting holes, and laid on a prepared base. During the construction and reconstruction of canals with a trapezoidal section of the channel, the first to lay the panel on the bottom of the channel, then lay the panels on the slopes of the channel. The panel is secured by driving metal anchors with rubber sealing washers, which are sealed through the mounting holes into the base soil by 0.5-1.0 m. The next panel is laid end-to-end to the already laid sheet, after which the enlarged panels are joined by welding to them at a distance of 0 , 1 m from the edge of the junction of a strip of geomembrane made from waste polyolefins, with a thickness of 1-2.0 mm, a length equal to the perimeter of the channel, and a width of 30 cm, with the formation of a deformation fold.

Flexible polymer sheets and geomembrane strips are manufactured in the factory as follows.

After the collection of polyolefin waste in landfills (plastic bottles, waste from polymer production, waste from plastic film, waste from plastic dishes, plastic waste from automotive, aviation and agricultural machinery, etc.), they are crushed and cleaned. Then, waste processing and the release of polymer raw materials in the form of granules of polyethylene are performed. The manufacture of polymer sheets from polyethylene granules is carried out by recycling (melting) the granules with the addition of components that improve their flexibility and durability, and the formation of finished products in the form of polymer sheets 15-20 mm thick and stripes or geomembrane rolls with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm

The invention is illustrated by drawings,

where Fig. 1 is an antifiltration screen (semicircular cross section), Fig. 2 is an antifiltration screen (trapezoidal cross section), Fig. 3 is a diagram of a mounting hole device with a semicircular section of a channel channel, Fig. 4 is a diagram of a mounting hole device with a trapezoidal section channel bed, fig. 5 - deformation fold.

The impervious screen consists of the following elements: (1, 2, 3, 4) soil base 1; flexible sheets of waste polyolefins 2; mounting holes 3; metal anchor with sealing washer 4; deformation fold 5.

A method of creating an anti-filter screen is performed as follows: (Figs. 3, 4), from a separate sheet of polymer sheet material 2 made from polyolefin waste, a panel is formed and mounting holes 4 are arranged, the panels are lifted by a crane and laid on a prepared bed of channel 1 of a semicircular or trapezoidal section (figure 1, 2). Next, to the already laid sheet, the next sheet is laid and joined by welding a strip of geomembrane with the formation of a deformation fold 5 (Fig. 5), then the anti-filter screen is sloped using metal anchors with a sealing washer 4, which are hammered into the mounting holes 3.

The proposed anti-filter screen is characterized by increased reliability and, due to the significant thickness of the anti-filter element, it does not require protective coatings from soil or other materials, in addition, all the main structural elements of the anti-filter screen are made of polyolefin waste, which reduces the cost of their manufacture and accompanies the development of waste recycling. The proposed method of construction of an anti-filter screen is economical and adaptable.

Claims (6)

1. A method of creating an anti-filter screen, including laying panels of polymer material on a prepared base, characterized in that before laying in the box channel enlarged panels they are made of flexible sheets made of waste polyolefins and connected into panels of a width of 10.0-11.5 m and a length equal to the perimeter of the channel, after which the panels are laid on the prepared base end-to-end and connected to each other by welding a strip of waterproof geomembrane with a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, made from waste oliolefins. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when connecting the enlarged panels, the geomembrane strip is welded to the enlarged panels at a distance of 0.1 m from the edge of the joint. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when connecting the enlarged panels, the geomembrane strip is welded with the formation of a deformation fold, which provides flexibility of the screen. 4. The antifiltration screen obtained by the method according to claim 1, including panels of polymeric material laid on a prepared base, characterized in that the flexible sheets connected to enlarged panels are made of waste polyolefins in the form of polymer sheets with a thickness of 15-20 mm, a width of 1 , 5 m, a length of 15-20 m, while mounting holes are arranged in the panels. 5. The anti-filter screen according to claim 4, characterized in that to reduce the material consumption of the coating, the anti-filter screen is located only along the bottom and on the slopes of the channel. 6. The antifiltration screen according to claim 4, characterized in that the antifiltration screen is fixed to the slopes using metal anchors embedded through the mounting holes in the base soil by 0.5-1.0 m.

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