RU2494192C2 - Method for developing antifiltration coating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method includes arrangement of antifiltration elements from flexible sheets 5 of a spent polymer material on a structure slope 1. Antifiltration elements are fabricated from recycled car tyres in the form of flexible sheets by means of their processing into rubber crumb of fraction from 1.0 to 3.0 mm and its mangling in the form of sheets of specified size. Flexible sheets 5 are laid onto the bottom 2 and slopes 1 of the canal or the water reservoir along the entire perimeter with glueing of seams and fixation of sheets for stability of the coating onto the slopes with metal pins 3 and in the upper part at the ledge 4 of the structure edge. Flexible sheets for convenience of transportation and arrangement are made with the following size: thickness - 1.0-2.0 cm, width - 1.0-1.5 m, length - 5.0-10.0 m, and rolled into rolls with the diameter of up to 0.5 m and weight of up to 500 kg. Application of flexible sheets from spent tyres due to their considerable thickness and high resistance to damage excludes the necessity to arrange protective coatings.

EFFECT: antifiltration coating has high repairability, and high flexibility of a coating provides for reliability of its operation under conditions of possible base deformations.

6 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and can be used to create impervious protection of the bed of canals and reservoirs for various purposes.

A known method of creating an anti-filtration device, including preparing a soil base, laying a waterproof polymer material from a polyethylene film, joining the film panels by welding or gluing, a protective layer of soil or water (see SN 551-82. Instructions for the design and construction of anti-filter devices from a plastic film for artificial reservoirs. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. Fig. 2, a, c (analogue 1)).

The disadvantage of this method is the need for a protective layer of soil or water. In the case of the protective layer of the soil during its laying by mechanisms, as a rule, various damages of the polyethylene film (punctures and tears) are observed due to its small thickness (0.2-0.4 mm) and poor resistance to puncturing by particles larger than 5 mm.

Similar disadvantages are also characteristic of concrete-film claddings on channels, where an antifiltration coating of a polyethylene film is protected from above with cast-in-place concrete or prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs (see Altunin V.S., Borodin V.A., Ganchikov V.G., Kosichenko Yu.M. Protective coatings of irrigation canals. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988. Fig. 8 (analog 2)).

There is a method of creating an anti-filter screen from a polymeric material - a geomembrane, which also includes a protective layer of soil (see RF patent No. 2374386, class E02B 3/13, 2009. Figure 1, 2 (analog 3)).

The disadvantages of this method include the following. Despite the significant thickness of the geomembrane (from 0.5 to 2.5 mm), there is also a need for a protective coating of soil or concrete. In addition, due to the significant consumption of polymer in them (high or low density polyethylene), the cost of the geomembrane itself increases by 5-15 times compared with the film.

Also known is an antifiltration coating comprising a screen made of a polymeric material on which used tire covers are laid, cut along the perimeter and laid up sideways, filled with soil backfill (see USSR author's certificate No. 1105542, class E02B 3/12, 1984. Figure 1, 2 (analogue 4)).

The disadvantage of this solution is: the possibility of damage to a thin screen made of plastic film when laying used tires; the need for a device of continuous soil filling not only in cut tires, but also between them; increased roughness of the coating due to the location of tires with a slit up and filling them with soil backfill; the possibility of washing out soil backfill from filled tires under the influence of water flow, for example, in canals and in large bodies of water.

Known antifiltration coating of channels, consisting of two layers of reinforcing material, between which a layer of asphalt of a special composition is laid. The coating thickness is 0.7 cm. This coating is waterproof and not damaged by animals (see US patent No. 2771745, CL 61-7, 1958. Antifiltration coating. In the collection "The use of plastic materials in irrigation" Overview: Reclamation and water economy abroad. Issue 2. - M .: 1970. Fig. 7 (analogue 5)).

The disadvantages of this solution include the sufficient complexity of the mechanized technology of laying the coating in the bed of the channel, the need to heat the asphalt during work to a temperature of 60-80 ° C. In the process of operation, as experience has shown in the operation of such coatings, the formation of cracks and damage to the coating by vegetation (reeds) is observed when the asphalt softens in the summer.

In the US patent (see US patent No. 3067585, CL 61-7, 1962. Anti-filtration surface clothing. In the collection "The use of plastic materials in irrigation". Overview: Land reclamation and water management abroad. Issue 2. - M .: 1970. Fig. 10 (analogue 6)), the impervious clothing of polystyrene channels is proposed. It is made of plastic pipes by cutting into two tapes, which are wound on coils.

The disadvantage of this solution is the possibility of its use for channels of relatively small sizes with a perimeter of 1 to 4 m. In addition, the use of tapes from cut polyethylene pipes has a certain rigidity and does not provide a snug fit of the coating to the channel bed.

The closest technical solution is a device for protecting slopes of a hydraulic structure from erosion, which consists of recycled tires located parallel to the water edge and partially protruding above the surface of the slope, and a film element laid on top in the form of used conveyor belts (see USSR author's certificate No. 1409720, CL E02B 3/16, 1988. Figures 1, 3 (prototype)).

The disadvantages of this solution:

- the complexity of the work on laying recycled tires in trenches parallel to the slope in the trench parallel to the slope in view of the significant amount of earthwork;

- the formation of undulation of the slope, which increases the roughness of its surface and reduces the throughput of the channel;

- deepening of disposed tires in trenches on the slope is insignificant (up to 0.5-0.8 m), which does not provide a significant increase in the stability of the slope against slipping;

- the use to create an anti-filter screen of used conveyor belts, not intended for these purposes and, accordingly, not produced for this in factory conditions.

The technical result of the proposed method of creating an antifiltration coating is the processing of recycled tires and the manufacture of flexible sheets, laying and connecting them together in the bed of the channel and reservoir around the entire perimeter with fastening.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of creating an anti-filter coating, including laying on the slope of the construction of the anti-filter elements in the form of flexible sheets 1-2 cm thick, which are manufactured in the factory from recycled tires by processing them into rubber crumbs with fractions of 1-3 mm and calendering, collapsible for transportation to rolls. Flexible sheets are laid on the bottom and slopes of the channel or reservoir along the entire perimeter with gluing seams with adhesive tape or armo-sealant, attached for stability of the coating on the slopes by metal studs, sealed in the upper part on the ledge with filling with soil.

Flexible sheets from recycled tires for ease of transportation and installation are carried out in sizes: thickness - 1.0-2.0 cm, width - 1.0-1.5 m, length - 5.0-10.0 m. Flexible sheets are folded into rolls with a diameter of up to 0.5 m and weighing up to 500 kg.

Longitudinal seams of flexible sheets at the junction of the slopes with the bottom on non-deformable bases are overlapped with a width of 5-10 cm with a sticker with adhesive tape, and on deformable bases, the seams are arranged with a gap of 3-5 cm wide with a deformation compensator in the form of folds of the joined tape less than 5 cm

Cross seams of flexible sheets along the slope are overlapped. Gluing of the joints of flexible sheets is carried out with adhesive tape made of polyethylene with a light stabilizer made of carbon black or adhesive rubber-rubber tape, or with a sealant impregnated with an epoxy-rubber compound.

In places where the anti-filter coating is fastened with metal studs on the slopes, adhesive strips are glued on top to ensure tightness.

The proposed method of creating an antifiltration coating is illustrated by drawings: in Fig. 1, a section of an antifiltration coating when it is installed on non-deformable bases is shown; figure 2 is a section of the antifiltration coating on deformable bases; figure 3 - mount the coating metal stud; figure 4 - node connecting flexible sheets with a longitudinal seam on non-deformable bases at the junction of the slopes with the bottom of the structure; figure 5 - node connecting flexible sheets with a longitudinal seam on deformable bases at the junction of the slopes with the bottom of the structure; figure 6 - the attachment of flexible sheets on the plot of the edge of the structure.

The antifiltration coating consists of flexible sheets on the slopes 1 and on the bottom of the structure 2, fastening metal sheets with flexible pins on the slopes 3, fastening the flexible sheets on the edges of the structure on the ledge 4, longitudinal overlapping joints in the places where the slopes are connected with the bottom of the structure in the form of polymer adhesive tapes 5, overlays on the heads of the studs made of adhesive polymer material 6, longitudinal seams with a gap and a strain relief in the form of folds of polymer material 7, connecting flexible sheets by gluing 8 and dusting local soil on a ledge 9.

Antifiltration coating is as follows.

At the initial stage, in the factory conditions, flexible sheets are made from recycled tires by processing them into rubber crumbs of a fraction from 1.0 to 3.0 mm, for example, using the existing processing line LPShK-3000, and calendaring it into sheets of specified sizes, rolled up for convenience transportation and layout in rolls.

Then, flexible sheets are laid on the previously prepared bed of the channel or reservoir on the slopes 1 and along the bottom of the structure 2 by rolling the rolls, after which they arrange the fastening of the flexible sheets to the base on the slopes 3 and on the ledges of the side walls of the structure 4, lining of polymer material 6 on the heads of metal studs is glued and flexible sheets, transverse and longitudinal seams are made by sticking strips of adhesive polymer material with overlap of flexible sheets 5 or labeling the edges of flexible sheets with adhesive polymer material with images the deformation compensator in the form of folds of polymer material in the joint gap 7.

The method of creating an anti-filter coating allows the use of spent tires, thereby disposing of them. The use of flexible sheets from used tires, due to their significant thickness and high resistance to damage, eliminates the need for protective coatings from a layer of soil 0.5-1.0 m thick or concrete and reinforced concrete 0.1-0.2 m thick, which will significantly reduce the cost of device of antifiltration coatings by 1.5-2 times. The sufficiently high flexibility of the antifiltration coating will ensure its reliability in the conditions of possible deformations of the base, and the presence of expansion joints in the form of folds will allow the coating to deform and follow the contour of the subsidence of the base without breaking the tightness at a subsidence depth of 0.5-0.7 m. In addition, the antifiltration coating has a high maintainability due to the lack of a protective coating and if damage is detected, repairs can be easily carried out using adhesive tapes or arm sealants.

Claims (6)

1. A method of creating an antifiltration coating, including laying on the slope of the construction of flexible sheets of a spent polymer material, characterized in that they are made in the factory from recycled tires in the form of flexible sheets by processing them into rubber crumb fractions from 1.0 to 3, 0 mm and its calendaring in the form of sheets of predetermined sizes, laid on the bottom and slopes of the channel or reservoir along the entire perimeter with gluing seams and fastening sheets for stability of the coating on the slopes metal with studs and in the upper part on the ledge of the side of the structure. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible sheets for ease of transportation and laying are performed in sizes: thickness - 1.0-2.0 cm, width - 1.0-1.5 m, length - 5.0- 10.0 m, which are rolled up into rolls with a diameter of up to 0.5 m and weighing up to 500 kg. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gluing of the joints of the flexible sheets is carried out by an adhesive rubber-rubber tape or armo-sealant impregnated with an epoxy-rubber composition. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seams of flexible sheets at the junction of the slopes with the bottom on non-deformable bases are overlapped with a width of 5-10 cm with a sticker with adhesive tape. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seams of flexible sheets at the junction of the slopes with the bottom on deformable bases are arranged with a gap of 3-5 cm wide with the placement of strain reliefs in the form of folds of the joined tape with a width of at least 5 cm. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the places of attachment of the flexible sheets with metal studs to ensure the tightness of the coating on top of their heads are glued adhesive tape.

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