RU2540589C1 - Automatised technological line for surface modifying by nanoparticles of silver polymer fibrous material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: composition of automatised line includes sequentially placed block of impregnation of polymeric fibrous material with solution of silver nitrate, block of UV-photolysis of silver nitrate until silver nanoparticles are reduced, block of SHF for fastening silver nanoparticles on the surface of polymer fibrous material and two containers-accumulators of polymer fibrous material. Movement of polymer fibrous material is carried out by tape drive mechanism. Tape drive mechanisms consist of pinch rollers, placed on input and output of all blocks, and guide rollers, placed inside each block. Containers-accumulators are intended for synchronisation of speed of polymeric fibrous material movement through blocks. Inside UV-photolysis placed are rows of mercury-quartz lamps, which round saturated with solution of silver nitrate polymer fibrous material from two sides by guide rollers of tape drive mechanism. To remove moisture and formed ozone block of UV-photolysis is equipped with exhaust blower with air conduct Magnetrons in block SHF are placed parallel to the line of polymer fibrous material travel and are installed with possibility of ensuring alternation in half-wave maximums and minimums of electromagnetic fields On input and output of SHF block quarter-wave absorbing traps are placed Work of automated technological line is realised from block of automatic control.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to ensure coordination in work of all blocks, continuity of process of obtaining filtered material and ensures equal distribution of silver nanoparticles on the surface of polymer fibrous material.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment for the production of filter antibacterial materials, and more specifically to the production of silver nanoparticles modified polymer fiber material with antibiotic activity, which can be used in filters for cleaning and disinfection of any liquid medium, mainly water.

The prior art system for modifying objects with nanoparticles according to patent RU 2212268, IPC B01D 39/08, B82B 1/00, B29C 71/04, publ. 09/20/2003. The system is designed to obtain filter elements by modifying various materials with metal nanoparticles and contains a reactor with a solution of a modifying substance in which the objects to be modified are placed. The system is equipped with a source of ionizing gamma radiation located at the same level with the specified reactor and placed with it in a room with biological radiation protection, thus forming a modification unit. In addition, it is additionally equipped with an inert gas cylinder, a solvent flushing unit, a tank with a mixing device for mixing a solution of a surfactant in a non-polar solvent with an aqueous solution of metal salts, connected by corresponding highways equipped with taps, with the upper part of the specified reactor. The solvent washing unit of the reactor is formed by tanks located above the reactor with liquid hydrocarbons, a water-alcohol mixture and distilled water, equipped in the lower parts with drain pipes with taps connected to the line connected with the upper part of the reactor. At the bottom of the reactor there is an outlet pipe connected through a line equipped with a booster pump through an absorber of metal nanoparticles remaining in the solution to the solvent regeneration unit. The solvent recovery unit consists of distillation columns designed for hydrocarbon recovery, water-alcohol mixture, distillation and water purification. The outlet fittings of the distillation columns are connected via a line equipped with taps and a booster pump to the inlet fittings of the capacities of the reactor washing unit.

The system according to patent RU 2212268 due to the reuse of solvents and flushing agents and the possibility of re-adsorption of nanoparticles from a fresh portion of the modifying solution has increased efficiency and economy.

The disadvantage of this system is the complexity of the process and the equipment used, as well as the increased danger of work (source of ionizing gamma radiation, balloon economy, organic solvents). In addition, the use of such a system does not allow to modify the surface of polymeric materials, since the objects modified in it are processed with organic solvents.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a system for modifying polymer fibrous materials (FDA) for implementing the method according to the invention patent No. 2408411, IPC B01D 39/16, B82B 3/00, publ. 01/10/2011, designed to obtain filter material by modifying silver PVM nanoparticles obtained by aerodynamic dispersion of a polymer melt from a number of polypropylene, polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate. The prototype system comprises a container for an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (impregnation unit), a UV photolysis unit of silver nitrate to recover silver nanoparticles, including a grate for a workpiece made of a polymeric material extracted from silver nitrate solution, and a mercury-quartz lamp, a microwave oven for fixing silver nanoparticles on FDA and drying cabinet. In contrast to the system discussed above in patent RU 2212268, this system is more economical and environmentally friendly and allows you to create FDA with a low silver content while maintaining good antibacterial properties. Its disadvantage is the large proportion of manual labor when modifying the FDA and, therefore, the high complexity in the manufacture of its large (in volume and area) quantity. Such a system does not ensure the coordination of operations for the production of filter materials from FDA. The presence of a grating and one lamp does not provide uniform two-sided reduction of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the PVM, which affects the quality of the resulting filter material.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a safe, efficient and easy-to-use automated production line for the production of surface-modified silver nanoparticles filter PVM.

The technical result in solving the problem is to ensure the continuity of the process of obtaining filter material, the consistency of the operation of all blocks, regulation of the speed of movement of the FDA and the uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the surface of the FDA. This ultimately ensures the quality of the resulting filter antibacterial material and its mass release for use in filters for cleaning, for example water, of biological pollutants.

The task and the technical result are achieved as follows.

Like the prototype, an automated line for surface modification of PVM silver nanoparticles contains a block system including a PVM impregnation unit with silver nitrate solution, silver nitrate UV photolysis unit to restore silver nanoparticles, and a microwave unit for fixing silver nanoparticles on the PVM surface.

Unlike the prototype, the automated line additionally contains a tape drive for moving polymer fibrous material through sequentially installed blocks. The UV photolysis unit of silver nitrate before the recovery of silver nanoparticles is made in the form of a sealed enclosure, inside which there are rows of mercury-quartz lamps, and is equipped with an exhaust fan with an air duct. The tape drive mechanism consists of pinch rollers installed at the inlet and outlet of all blocks of the automated line, and guide rollers located inside each block. Inside the PVM impregnation unit with silver nitrate solution and the silver nitrate UV photolysis unit until silver nanoparticles are restored, the guide rollers, for example in pairs, are staggered and can envelope the PVM rows of mercury-quartz lamps of the UV photolysis unit. Inside the microwave unit magnetrons are located parallel to the FDA line of movement and with the possibility of alternating maxima and minima of the electromagnetic field with a half-wave frequency. The difference from the prototype is also that the inventive automated line additionally contains two airtight FDA storage containers, inside of which top-down guide rollers of the tape drive are staggered. One storage container is located between the PVM impregnation unit with silver nitrate solution and the UV photolysis unit, and the other between the UV photolysis unit and the microwave unit. In addition, the automated line additionally contains an automatic control unit, to which one of the pressure rollers of each unit, a magnetron power source of the microwave unit, an exhaust fan, and mercury-quartz lamps are connected via adjustable electric drives. At the input and output of the microwave unit, quarter-wave radiation absorbing traps are installed.

Thus, the main blocks installed in series and interconnected by storage containers allow the FDA to move through the automatic control unit and provide a consistent and continuous process for obtaining filter material with a uniform distribution of nanoparticles on its surface. The arrangement of mercury-quartz lamps in rows in the UV photolysis unit and their bending from two sides of the FDA ensure uniform distribution of nanoparticles on its surface, and the arrangement of magnetrons of the microwave unit at a half-wave distance ensures uniform fixing of nanoparticles on the FDA surface. All this, ultimately, improves the quality of the filter material in comparison with the prototype.

The applicant is not aware of such an automated line for surface modification of PVM silver nanoparticles, which, in addition to containing a PVM impregnation unit with silver nitrate solution, silver nitrate UV photolysis unit to restore silver in the form of nanoparticles, and a microwave unit for fixing silver nanoparticles on the PVM surface additionally contains a control unit connected to the tape drive through an adjustable electric drive, storage containers with guide rollers located between the blocks bev- erages PVM silver nitrate solution and a UV photolysis of silver nitrate to reduction of silver nanoparticle and between the block UV photolysis and microwave unit for fixing the silver nanoparticles on PVM surface. Also unknown from the prior art are devices for modifying silver nanoparticles with PVM, in which magnetrons would be located at half wavelengths to fix nanoparticles on the surface of PVM. This arrangement of magnetrons ensures uniformity of the electromagnetic field, which, in turn, ensures uniform fixation of nanoparticles on the surface of the FDA and improves the quality of the resulting filter material in comparison with the prototype.

Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Figure 1 schematically shows an automated production line for surface modification of PVM silver nanoparticles. Figure 2 presents the protocol of bacteriological tests of FDA, the surface of which is modified with silver nanoparticles on the inventive automated production line.

The automated production line includes sequentially installed blocks: a PVM impregnation unit for silver nitrate 1, a UV photolysis unit for silver nitrate to restore silver in the form of nanoparticles 2, a microwave unit for fixing silver nanoparticles on the surface of PVM 3; storage containers 4, 5; automatic control unit 6 and a tape drive mechanism consisting of pressure and guide rollers.

Block 1 is a stainless steel tank 7, in which are mounted the rollers of a tape drive driven by an adjustable electric drive 8 from a panel of an automatic control unit of the production line 6. The tape drive contains a pinch input 9, pinch output 10 and guide rollers 11. The required speed of the FDA in the block is set by an adjustable electric drive 8.

Block 2 is a sealed metal container 12 with mercury-quartz lamps 13, for example, of the DRT 1000 brand, and a tape drive mechanism, which is driven by an adjustable electric drive 14 and is turned on from the panel of the automatic control unit for production line 6. block 2 includes clamping inlet 15, clamping output 16 and guide rollers 17 located in pairs that are staggered. Mercury-quartz lamps 13 are mounted in rows, and the guide rollers 17 are arranged so that the FDA envelopes the rows of mercury-quartz lamps 17 on both sides to uniformly restore silver nanoparticles on both sides of the FDA. The required FDA speed is set by an adjustable electric drive 14. A powerful exhaust fan 18 is located on the top panel of unit 2, which removes moisture and ozone generated during operation of mercury-quartz lamps. Ozone is sent to the sewer through the duct, where it comes into contact with sewage, disinfects them and neutralizes them. Due to the fact that ozone is heavier than air, its ingress into the atmosphere is excluded.

Block 3 is a metal cabinet 19 with slotted inlet and outlet equipped with quarter-wave traps that prevent microwave radiation from leaving the working chamber of block 3. The size of the slots is determined by the width of the FDA. The cabinet 19 is equipped with a tape drive mechanism containing pressure input 20, pressure output 21 and guide rollers 22, and a camera in which four magnetrons 23, 24, 25 and 26 are placed. The tape drive mechanism in block 3 is driven through a speed-adjustable adjustable drive 27, which is switched on from the control panel of the automation unit 6. Collaboration is synchronized by the presence of storage containers 4 and 5 with guide rollers 28, 29 located staggered from top to bottom and output rollers 30, 31. In containers 4 and 5 there is an excess of FDA specified by the automatic control unit 6, which allows you to combine the tape drive mechanisms of the three blocks 1, 2, 3, operating at different speeds, into a single production line. Such a FDA modification line can operate both in intermittent mode, when measured FDA is packed in containers and fed “in batches” to the input of the production line, and in a continuous one when the FDA is fed directly to the input of the production line from the conveyor of the aerodynamic dispersion unit of the polymer melt. 32 in the drawing indicates the FDA tape.

The technological line for the modification of PVM with silver nanoparticles works as follows. FDA is placed in blocks and storage containers in such a way that it envelops all the rollers at once. Then, an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is poured into the stainless steel tank 7 of block 1. On the panel of the automatic control unit of the technological line 6, adjustable electric drives 8, 14, 27 of tape drives are switched on and voltage is supplied to the electrical equipment of all the blocks of the technological line according to a predetermined program. After that, the FDA starts at a predetermined adjustable electric drive 8, 14, 27 to move along the guide rollers 11 in the volume of the tank 7 with a solution of silver nitrate. The speed of the FDA is set depending on the selected FDA and is determined by the condition of its complete impregnation with a solution. At the outlet of the tank 7 with the silver nitrate solution, the FDA passes through the pinch rollers 10, where the excess amount of the silver nitrate solution is squeezed back into the reservoir of the impregnation unit 1. After this, the FDA impregnated with the silver nitrate solution passes through the guide rollers 28 to the first intermediate container drive 4, which acts as a synchronizer of the tape drive mechanisms of the impregnation unit 1 and the subsequent UV photolysis unit 2. Through the output rollers 30 of the intermediate container, accumulate I 4 and the input pressure rollers 15 of the FDA, treated with a solution of silver nitrate, enters the UV photolysis unit 2, where, passing through the system of guide rollers 17 of the tape drive, it is irradiated with mercury-quartz lamps 13, as a result, silver nitrate located on the surface of the fibers decomposes to silver metal nanoparticles. The speed of the tape in the working chamber of block 2 is determined by the time necessary for the complete recovery of silver nanoparticles. Through the output rollers 16 of the FDA unit 2, with silver nanoparticles restored on the surface of the fibers, it enters the second storage container 5, which is designed to synchronize the operation of the tape drive mechanisms of the unit 2 and the microwave unit for fixing silver nanoparticles on the surface of the FDA 3, from where through the slot entrance input rollers 20 enters block 3. In block 3, the FDA passes through the radiation zone of four magnetrons 23, 24, 25, 26, where it is dried and sealed, at a speed determined by the time that silver nanoparticles are completely fixed to the FDA replication on the surface of the fibers of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the configuration of the electromagnetic field in the metal cavity created by the magnetrons of the microwave unit 3 is characterized by the presence of alternating maxima and minima at half-wave intervals for uniform heating of the entire treated area of the wet FDA. Wet polypropylene fibers are heated to the softening temperature of the selected PVM and heated nanoparticles of reduced silver are “soldered” to the surface of the polymer fibers. After exiting the block 3 through the output pinch rollers 21 and the slot exit of the dry FDA with silver nanoparticles fixed to the surface, it is placed in a receiving storage container (not shown in the drawing) and, after filling it, is transported to the finished goods warehouse. As FDA, polypropylene fibrous materials (PPVM), polyethylene terephthalate (dacron) fibrous materials, polyamide fibrous materials and other similar materials can be used.

The work of an automated production line for surface modification of PVM silver nanoparticles is shown by a specific example, in which PPVM is selected as PVM.

PPVM 32 in the form of a tape with a length of 30-50 m, a width of 0.45 m and a thickness of 40 mm is placed in blocks 1, 2, 3 and storage containers 4, 5 so that it immediately bends around all the rollers. Then, a silver nitrate solution is poured into the stainless steel tank 7 of block 1. From the control panel of the automatic control unit 6, voltage is supplied and adjustable electric drives 8, 14, 27 of the tape drive mechanism and electrical equipment of all units of the processing line are turned on (magnetron power source, exhaust fan, mercury-quartz lamps). PPVM tape 32 along the guide rollers 11 begins to enter the working chamber of the impregnation unit with a solution of silver nitrate 1. The speed of the tape 32 is set by an adjustable electric drive 8. During the time specified by the speed of the tape drive mechanism (in the range of 1-10 m / h), the PPVM tape 32 impregnated with silver nitrate solution, passing through the working chamber of the impregnation unit 1, and then through the pinch output rollers 10 and enters the intermediate storage container 4. From the storage container 4, synchronizing the work of two different-speed guide rollers 11, 17 of the tape drive mechanism, PPVM 32 tape, treated with silver nitrate solution, through the output rollers of the intermediate storage container, is fed to the input of the UV photolysis unit 2. In this case, the speed of the tape is set by an adjustable electric drive 14. Entered into the UV unit photolysis 2 PPVM 32 tape treated with a solution of silver nitrate begins to move along the guide rollers 17 of the tape drive at a selected speed (in the range of 1-10 m / h) between mercury-quartz ampami 13. During the passage of the tape between the FPGA quartz mercury lamps silver nitrate in CPLDs by ultraviolet radiation decomposes before reduction on the metallic silver nanoparticles fibers. At the exit from the working chamber of the UV photolysis unit 2, the PPVM tape with silver metallic nanoparticles enters the second intermediate storage container 5, which synchronizes the operation of two different-speed guide rollers 17, 22 of the tape drive mechanism of the UV photolysis unit 2 and microwave unit 3. Next, through the weekend rollers 31 of the second intermediate storage container 5 PPVM tape 32 with silver nanoparticles on the surface enters the slotted input of the microwave unit 3, in which magnetrons are located, generating a total power of 4 kW with a working part one 2.45 GHz. Having entered through the clamping input rollers 20 into the working volume of the microwave oven 3, the PPVM 32 tape with silver nanoparticles on the surface at a given speed (in the range of 1-10 m / h) begins to stretch under the magnetron emitters, as a result, the wet polypropylene fibers warm up to a temperature of 60- 80 ° C, at which PPVM softens, and heated nanoparticles of reduced silver are “soldered” to the surface of polypropylene fibers. In this case, excess moisture is evaporated and removed by a fan from the working chamber of the microwave unit 3. Then a dry PPVM 32 tape with silver nanoparticles fixed to the fibers is pulled through the exit slit gap between the pressure rollers 21 of the microwave unit 3 and enters the receiving storage container.

The obtained modified PPVM passed the test for antibacterial activity and showed good results, which is confirmed by the test report (figure 2).

An automated production line for surface modification with silver nanoparticles FDA can operate in intermittent mode, as described in the example above, when measured FDAs are packed in containers and fed to the input of the automated production line in batches, or continuously when FDA is fed to the input of an automated technological lines directly from the conveyor of the aerodynamic dispersion unit of the polymer melt.

Claims (1)

An automated production line for surface modification by silver nanoparticles of a polymeric fibrous material, comprising a block system including a block for impregnating a polymeric fibrous material with silver nitrate solution, a silver nitrate UV photolysis unit to recover silver nanoparticles, and a microwave unit for fixing silver nanoparticles on the surface of the polymeric fibrous material the fact that the automated production line further comprises a tape drive 3M for moving the polymer fibrous material through sequentially installed blocks, while the UV photolysis block of silver nitrate to restore silver nanoparticles is made in the form of a sealed enclosure, inside which there are rows of mercury-quartz lamps, and is equipped with an exhaust fan with an air duct, and the tape drive consists of pinch rollers installed at the inlet and outlet of all units of the automated production line, and guide rollers located inside each block, and inside three impregnation blocks of polymer fibrous material with silver nitrate solution and silver nitrate UV photolysis unit until silver nanoparticles are restored, the guide rollers are arranged in staggered pairs and can be bent around the rows of mercury-quartz lamps of the UV photolysis unit, and the magnetrons of the microwave unit located parallel to the line of movement of the polymer fibrous material and with the possibility of alternating maxima and minima of the electromagnetic field with a half-wave frequency, except Moreover, the automated line additionally contains two sealed containers of polymer fibrous material, inside of which the guide rollers of the tape drive are staggered from top to bottom, with one container-drive located between the tank with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and the UV photolysis unit, and the other - between the UV photolysis unit and the microwave unit, in addition, the automated line further comprises an automatic control unit, with which, through adjustable lektroprivodov connected to one of the nip rollers of each block and the source of the microwave magnetron power supply, exhaust fan and a mercury quartz lamp, in addition, the input and output of the microwave unit mounted quarter-absorbing trap.

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