RU2538987C2 - Kucherenko's two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to propulsion engineering. Proposed engine consists of 4 primary cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) fitted one in the other. Outer cylinder (1) and inner cylinder (4) are fixed. Moving cylinder (2) is composed of dual working cylinders turned through 180 degrees that make the pistons of built-in outer air compressors along with cylinder (1). Moving cylinder (3) is composed of dual working cylinders turned through 180 degrees that make the pistons of built-in inner air blowing compressors along with fixed cylinder (4). Crankshaft fulfils timing and power takeoff functions. Cylinders (2, 3) reciprocate in antiphase. Useful mechanical power is taken off at working stroke from moving cylinders (2) and from moving pistons (3) in two or selected directions with different functional dependence of shafts (5, 12) rpm and torque on developed force and speed of cylinders (2) and pistons (3).

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

4 dwg

Description

The prototypes of this engine is a wide range of internal combustion engines (ICE), in which the selection of mechanical energy comes from a movable piston.

This ICE differs from prototypes, according to the author, in the following features:

1. the presented engine, in order to simplify the manufacturing technology, in terms of the main parts consists of 4 main cylinders located in each other (1, 2, 3, 4) - according to the nesting doll principle (shown schematically without showing flange connections and other structural features that provide assembly technology). The cylinder (1) is constructive, i.e. additionally, it carries supporting functions for fixing the engine itself and engine components. All four cylinders are oriented relative to each other, except for sliding surfaces, also relative to the cylinder (1) using movable suspensions (10, 10a) and movable rods (11, 11a) - cylinders (2 and 3) and using fixed suspensions (15 ) is the cylinder (4). To ensure assembly and mobility in the cylinders, corresponding slots are provided for suspensions (10, 10a, 15), fingers (18, 19), crankshaft (5) and shafts (6). It is not excluded that there are other additional slots and the division of each cylinder into several components with different diameters, with the possible replacement of its individual parts with another (non-cylindrical) cross-sectional shape - for structural and technological needs and weight balancing.

2. The selection of mechanical energy occurs simultaneously from both the movable working piston (3) and the movable working cylinder (2) alternately on the right and left sides of the engine.

3. The selection of mechanical energy can occur both simultaneously and for choice in 2 directions with different dynamic characteristics. The first direction: using a crank mechanism through the fingers (18, 19), the corresponding connecting rods and the crankshaft (5) performing the additional function of synchronizing the position of the cylinders (2 and 3) with each other by means of two (from the piston and from the cylinder), changing in time in magnitude (0-max-0) of levers, which are the projections of the lengths of the crankshaft shoulders (5) on a vertical plane. In this case, the connecting rods transmit useful mechanical energy alternately in phase while simultaneously compressing or stretching them along the longitudinal axis. The second direction: by means of levers that are constant in time in size and equal to the radius of the gear overrunning clutches (7) and shafts (6) that are identical in the direction of rotation transmission, followed by summing the rotation on the gearbox shaft (12). The rotation to the overrunning clutches is transmitted alternately (with a working cycle to the right or left), then to one, then to the other with the help of gear combs (8 and 9) simultaneously from the movable working cylinders (2) and pistons (3), simultaneously through two levers, a shoulder each of which is equal to the radius of the freewheel. When installing the second set of shafts (6), overrunning clutches (7), rotated 180 degrees, and the gearbox, you can get the opposite rotation on its shaft (12), such a setting will balance the forces acting in the vertical direction on the cylinders (2 and 3 ) It is possible to use this engine in a design with only one of the power take-off directions described above. It is possible to design asymmetric engines with different lengths of the crankshaft-synchronizer arms (5).

4. The dual working movable cylinders (2) transmitting biasing clock force directly to each other and the dual working movable pistons (3) transmitting biasing clock force directly to each other, as well as dual stationary cylinders (1) and pistons (4) are used. ) In the engine variant shown in the drawings, the longitudinal axes of the movable working cylinders and pistons (left and right) (as well as other others) are combined, but the possibility of designing engines with parallel axes is not excluded.

5. The principle (scheme) of the simultaneous use of the working movable cylinder (2) as the movable piston of the integrated external air purge compressor and the simultaneous use of the working movable piston (3) as the movable cylinder of the integrated internal air purge compressor are applied. When designing external built-in purge compressors (cylinder (1) - piston (2)) with sufficient air volume for purging and supply, the stationary piston (4) can be used not as a purge compressor piston, but for ventilation of the working piston (3) - fan mode, moreover, valve (a) in the bottom of the stationary piston (4) can be used, or it can be drowned out, and the compression joint of the cylinders (3) and (4) can be replaced by the gap between them and the vent valves in the bottom of the working pistons must be closed (eliminated). In this case, the balancing of inertial forces will deteriorate, because built-in compressors perform the additional function of air shock absorbers.

6. The purging of the working volume occurs at the end of the working cycle, with the longitudinal alignment of the cylinder outlet openings (1, 2) from the moment of opening and until the piston (3) closes the purge holes of the movable cylinder (2). After the part of the exhaust gases comes out and their pressure is lower than the air pressure in the external and internal compressors, there is an independent opening of free flap (or slightly spring-loaded plate or plate type) valves located in sufficient quantities on the bottoms of cylinders and pistons (2, 3) and a sufficient flow area. In the case of the use of flap valves that swing freely on their axes, their axes must be located above and parallel to the horizontal plane of the engine installation, so that the valve, due to its weight, tends to a closed state - (gravity-oriented valves). This requirement applies to valves installed in the exhaust gas cut-off rings (14) and in the purge rings (17) of the air cooling system. Spontaneous automatic closing of purge valves during a compression stroke is ensured by: inertial forces, which force the valve to a closed state, by increasing air pressure in the working volume, and by discharging air in the built-in purge external and internal compressors, which work to draw in air and whose inlet valves open for intake air in them also automatically automatically due to the pressure drop from different sides of the valve. The closed state of the purge valves during the working cycle is ensured by instantaneous excess of the working gas pressure, which is several times higher than the increasing pressure in the compressors throughout the entire working cycle until the purge openings are opened, and the closed state of the compressor inlet valves is provided by the increasing pressure in them. Considering that the working volume of purge compressors should be at least 2 times greater than the engine displacement, the purge system simultaneously performs the function of air supply and must have air filters installed on the bottoms of the fixed cylinders (1 and 4) in front of the valves. Thus, it is possible to install as many valves as possible, possibly unified in design (with a difference in heat resistance), sufficient throughput, without any gas distribution mechanism for forced control, the air cooling system is organized by pumping air, according to the principle of forced batch retraction and its subsequent forced release, using clockwise movements of the working cylinders and pistons, using uvochnyh rings (17), the exhaust cutoff ring (14) integral with them and the cylinder (1) valves (13), with the release of purge air to the circular exhaust outlet manifold (20).

The purge rings may have a compression joint with a sliding surface or a joint with a clearance — a fan type of purge ring. Additional engine ventilation is provided by the oscillatory and rotational movements of its constituent elements. An additional application of a blowing fan on the crankshaft shaft (5) is possible, taking into account the fact that the proposed lubrication systems are localized of a closed type (lack of oil spray), for which it is necessary to place the entire engine in a breathable, dustproof casing. Due to the fact that power take-off comes both from the movable cylinder and from the movable piston (with twice the expansion speed of the working volume and with a force reduced by about two times), the expected warm-up of the engine should be less in comparison with a conventional engine, especially with power take-off only through freewheels (transmission of force through levers of constant length).

8. The engine fuel supply system is implemented using movable engine elements of suspensions (10) and (or) (10a) and corresponding movable rods, nozzles (16) in movable working cylinders and (or) on movable working pistons, due to the use of specially drilled channels along the body of rods, suspensions, cylinders and (or) pistons, with appropriate sealing when articulating all the parts along the fuel line. The ends of the movable rods may be the actuators of the respective high pressure fuel pumps.

9. The engine lubrication system consists of several local isolated closed-type systems, organized by the principle of oil supply similarly to the fuel supply system, which, in addition to the supply channel and the discharge channel. Oil pumping takes place (Figure 4) over an interval limited on both sides by ring groups with a sufficient number of compression (23) - outside and oil scraper (22) - inside rings located on movable working cylinders and pistons, purge and cutoff rings. In the rings passing through the outlet openings and ventilation rings (in case of combining the latter with the slots in the cylinders), in order to prevent oil loss, a special oil pumping method is used, which consists in the fact that the oil does not move due to increased pressure in the supply channel , and due to the creation of vacuum in the outlet channel. At the same time, during the passage of the outlet openings and slots, the selection of air and possibly exhaust gases is inevitable in the exhaust channel, for the separation of which the exhaust channel must be located above the supply channel and the oil storage is ventilated. Since in the presented version of the engine there are 4 rods for each of the 2 movable cylinders, in total there are 16 movable ends, which are enough to equip various types of lubrication and fuel supply systems as active elements (drive plunger pairs and pump pistons) , as well as elements of the sliding connection of the corresponding highways, in the case of the use of pumps driven by a crankshaft. When choosing separate oil storages for each system, it is possible to use oils with different properties according to the place and nature of their application instead of universal oil with a common oil storages.

10. Has the ability to work with starting crankshaft rotation in one or the other direction, because bodies to ensure cyclical operation of the engine may not be driven by rotational motion.

11. It is possible to adjust the volume of external built-in air compressors to balance the engine for air supply, cushioning, to select the main operating modes by adjusting the position of the compressor bottoms along the longitudinal axes or by using nozzles with a variable volume on them.

12. With the complete autonomy of all engine systems and the use of a fixed clutch spline connection on the crankshaft (5) and shafts (6) of the freewheeling clutches (7), the mobile connection of the motors to the battery is possible, with the necessary phase shift of the crankshaft, with rotation transmission from the freewheels couplings to a common gearbox. Considering the fact that the presented engine is 2-stroke and has a power take-off both from the movable piston and from the movable cylinder to different levers at once along the crankshaft and overrunning clutches, it can be considered equivalent to an 8-cylinder 4-stroke engine only with a movable working piston (if the bottom area and the stroke length of their pistons are equal), therefore, the equivalence of the battery of these engines in some approximation will be 8 × n, where n is the number of engines connected to the battery.

This engine according to the above description is a two-stroke diesel engine, but nevertheless, the possibility is seen (according to the author) of testing it as a gas two-stroke. To do this, it is necessary to inject gasoline using nozzles (possibly several working cylinders and pistons located on the bottoms - to improve the conditions of mixture formation) at the beginning of the compression stroke (after closing the purge holes). Dosing of purge air from external built-in compressors is carried out by controlling the degree of their filling with air (possibly using carburetor type dampers), i.e. change the pressure in the external compressor, leaving the internal compressors to work as before (due to the impossibility of 100% purging of the working volume by them). The quantity and quality of the mixture formed inside the working volume are controlled by computer-controlled nozzles and dampers. The wires to the spark plugs installed similarly to the nozzles should be carried out similarly to the lubrication and fuel supply lines, as described above. An interesting prospect of testing the operation of the engine on poor mixtures and using detonation ignition is also seen. Of interest is the opportunity to check the dynamic characteristics of the engine during power take-off from overrunning clutches.

An alarming factor is the significant power consumption for the operation of the built-in air purge compressors, their comparability with the costs of the gas distribution mechanism in a conventional engine. This engine can find application as a mechanical power plant by analogy with previous models using its features: a reduced number of revolutions during power take-off from overrunning clutches, the use of a crankshaft that is versatile in the direction of rotation, mobile connection and separation of the engines into the battery. The manufacture of the engine is not problematic at the current level of development of materials science, machine tool base and industry as a whole.

Reference designations

Two-stroke internal combustion engine of the Kucherenko system (working name - “Matryoshka”. Figure 1, 2, 3, 4)

Figure 1 is a side view of the engine (section).

Figure 2 - top view of the engine (section), (opposite cycle).

Figure 3 - view of the engine on the left with the gearbox (conditional section).

Figure 4 - obturating group of rings (ring installation diagram).

1 - fixed cylinder (engine housing)

2 - movable cylinder (movable working cylinders of the engine and movable pistons of built-in external compressors).

3 - movable cylinder (movable working pistons of the engine and movable cylinders of built-in internal compressors).

4 - motionless cylinder (motionless pistons of the built-in internal compressors).

5 - crankshaft-synchronizer (crankshaft).

6 - overrunning clutch shaft - 2 (4) pcs.

7 - freewheel - 2 (4) pcs.

8 - toothed comb of a movable cylinder (2) - 2 pcs.

9 - toothed comb of a movable cylinder (3) - 2 pcs.

10 - suspension of the cylinder (2) - 8 pcs., 10a - suspension of the cylinder (3) - 8 pcs.

11 - cylinder rod (2) - 4 pcs., 11a - cylinder rod (3) - 4 pcs.

12 - summing gearbox shaft - 1 (2) pcs.

13 - valve free or slightly springy state.

14 - exhaust gas cut-off rings with valves and with a special obturating group of compression and oil scraper rings.

15 - suspension of a stationary cylinder (4) - 4 pcs.

16 - nozzle - 2 - 4 pcs.

17 - ventilation rings (purge) with valves - 2 pcs.

18 - cylinder connecting rod pin (3), working pistons - 1 pc.

19 - cylinder connecting rod pin (2), working cylinders - 1 pc.

20 - circular exhaust manifold - 2 pcs.

21 - pump (fuel, oil) on the rod of the working cylinders.

21a - pump (fuel, oil) on the piston rod.

22 - oil scraper rings.

23 - compression rings.

Claims (1)

Two-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of a housing, pistons, cylinders, crankshaft, connecting rods, piston fingers, intake valves, exhaust openings in the cylinder, exhaust manifolds, air compressors, high pressure fuel lines and fuel injection nozzles, high pressure fuel pumps, air system cooling, lubrication systems, characterized in that it consists of four main, consisting of several parts, possibly with a different cylindrical cross-section of the cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) located in each other with the alignment of their longitudinal axes of symmetry and oriented relative to each other by moving rods (11, 11a) and suspensions (10, 10a) and fixed suspensions (15), of which the cylinder (2) is dual movable the working cylinders of the engine and simultaneously the twin pistons of the external air purge compressors, which are air shock absorbers, and the cylinder (3) is the twin working pistons of the engine and simultaneously the twin movable cylinders of the internal air compressors blow-offs, which are air shock absorbers, the selection of mechanical energy from dual movable working cylinders (2) and from dual working pistons (3) of the engine occurs simultaneously in two directions: and onto the shoulders of the crankshaft-synchronizer (5) with alternate common-mode compression or extension of the connecting rods, and on overrunning clutches (7) using gear combs (8, 9) with the possibility of installing a second set of: shafts (6), overrunning clutches (7), rotated 180 degrees, summing the gearbox and obtaining opposite rotation on its shaft (12); has the ability to work with the opposite direction of rotation of the crankshaft (5); has located on dual movable working cylinders (2), dual working pistons (3) for purging, in the external and internal air compressors, on the rings (17) and the housing (1), the valves (13) are automatically activated due to the differential pressure without forced mechanical management; has an air cooling system for dual working pistons (3), dual movable working cylinders (2) during clock movements due to portion air intake through the purge ring valves (17) and the housing (1) with the subsequent release of air into the exhaust manifold via valves (13) exhaust gas cutoff rings (14); has a fuel supply system with highways running along twin movable working cylinders (2) and twin pistons (3) and further along movable suspensions (10, 10a) and rods (11, 11a) by drilling using the ends of movable rods (11, 11a) as executive bodies of fuel pumps; has a lubrication system with the mains running along dual movable working cylinders (2) and double working pistons (3) with oil pumping at intervals limited on both sides by the necessary number of compression rings (23) - outside and oil rings (22) - inside when rarefied in the outlet channel, using the ends of the movable rods (11, 11a) as the executive bodies of the oil pumps.

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