RU2538657C2 - Device for heating and draining of high-viscous oil products from tank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to transportation of viscous oil products and may be used at facilities of petroleum chemistry, oil processing and oil storage facilities during unloading of solidifying high-viscous oil products. The device for heating and draining of high-viscous oil products from a tank comprises a monitor (5) with a nozzle head, a circulating pump (3), an output end of the pump line is connected to a heat exchanger (12), a filter (9), temperature and pressure sensors connected to a control unit (19) and a storage tank (8). A transfer pump and a jet pump are installed in the draining device. The circulating pump is communicated by a cock controlled by the control unit either with the jet pump or the monitor. The transfer pump delivering oil product from the storage tank is communicated either with a drain collector or with the storage tank through the heat exchanger.

EFFECT: invention reduces the time for emptying tanks with viscous products and increases the efficiency of product heating and transferring from the tank.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the unloading of hardening highly viscous products (such as paraffins and fuel oils) from storage or transportation tanks, for example, railway tanks at petrochemical, oil refining, and oil storage facilities, and relates to a method and device for heating and draining.

Viscous petroleum products are drained by dissolving the viscous product with a more fluid solvent by heating the product with saturated steam, using microwave systems, using the circulation method using coil heaters, and also modifying and combining these methods.

Heating the product with saturated water open steam is not possible for some products that do not allow flooding, for example, fuel oil. As a result of this, the fuel oil burning efficiency in boiler furnaces decreases. In addition, steam that mixes poorly with fuel oil, as well as boiling water condensing from steam, foams the product on cold fuel oil, which can lead to the release of the product into the hatch.

The disadvantage of microwave is local overheating, also associated with low thermal conductivity of the product and the lack of movement of the product in the tank, which is completely unacceptable for products such as bitumen, since when heated, bitumen cokes on the heat exchange surface and becomes unsuitable for further use.

There are tanks equipped with their own jacketed heaters that transport fuel oil in a hot mobile state, allowing unloading of fuel oil without hindrance, but the cost of such tanks is very high, and the payload of such tanks is much lower than the payload of conventional tanks.

The main disadvantage of coil heaters is local local overheating near the heaters and local underheating at the walls of the tank, which leads to the need to clean the latter.

There is a technology for draining highly viscous petroleum products based on the circulation of the product drained from the tank through a heat exchanger that is heated with steam or heat carrier using a drain device connected from the bottom or top of the tank. In this case, the product is not in direct contact with the coolant. Here, as a disadvantage, one can point out rather large initial costs for equipment and the complexity of organizing the operation scheme of such systems.

The most common heating scheme is the discharge of oil from tanks using the circulating method. The cold product from the tank is pumped through the preheater and the product is returned to the tank, and through the nozzles it blurs the cold product in the tank.

A known method of heating and draining fuel oil from railway tanks (RF patent No. 2112733, IPC B65G 69/20, B65D 88/74, publ. 06/10/1998), which consists in pumping fuel oil from the tank through the heat exchanger and feeding the heated fuel oil back into the tank, mix the heated fuel oil with cold, pour the heated fuel oil from the tank. Part of the heated fuel oil after the heat exchanger is pumped by pump to bypass the tank. Moreover, the heating process of fuel oil in the tank can continue during the discharge. At the same time, part of the fuel oil is drained from the tank by gravity to bypass the pump or by pump to bypass the heat exchanger.

With all the advantages of this scheme, only the thermal energy stored in the oil product in the heat exchanger is used here, which increases the start time of the start of the discharge of the tank.

There is also known a method of heating and draining highly viscous products from a tank and a device for its provision, in which the circulation of the heated product is carried out in four closed circulation systems, and at the beginning of the process by feeding from the storage tank using a circulation pump (RF patent No. 2029718, IPC 69/20 , B65D 88/74, publ. 02.27.1995).

The disadvantages of the known method and device for its provision include the fact that the circulation in the system allocated by position I does not participate in the heating and draining process, but only serves to bring the tank 1, which is the starting tank, into heating (the authors themselves call system I autonomous) . The circulation in system III does not apply to the circulation of the working product being drained, but refers to the circulation of the coolant, which is taken, for example, from a boiler room. System IV is designed to drain the product from the tank and is essentially not circulating. Systems I and II use a single pump 12. System II is used to supply the heated product to the area of the drain device and inside the tank into the pipes of the housing of the wash heads by means of a pump 12 through a heat exchanger 17. Power supply to the pumps of both pump 12 of system II and pump 5 drainage system IV can be carried out with a liquid-solid mixture, which can lead to problems of coking and blockage in the pipes of the flow part of the heat exchanger 17 or damage to the pumps 5 and 12.

There is also a known method of heating and draining highly viscous materials and a device for its provision, in which the working fluid circulates through the jet pump, and the material is continued to be discharged until the pressure in front of the passive nozzle of the jet pump becomes equal to the minimum allowable (see, for example, description to the USSR copyright certificate No. 1411222, IPC B65D 88/74, publ. 07.23.1988).

The disadvantages of the known method and device for its provision include the fact that in the latter there is no filter, a cold mixture with a high content of impurities and unbroken and unmelted pieces of the solid phase from the chamber 8 can flow by gravity to the heat exchanger 3 and gravity 6. Accordingly, to technological objects (for example, tanks), often located at large distances from the overpass, the mixture from chamber 8 enters through unprepared pipelines: that is, additional capacities are required not only for its pumping (installation of the pump), but also for its preparation (for example, arranging a circulation line from the tank farm and / or arranging heating of pipelines with steam satellites), which is not economically feasible. Due to the possibility of clogging with a liquid-solid material during circulation, for example, of the heat exchanger 3, a failure of the flow inducer 6 is possible. To ensure pressure on the suction line of the flow inducer 6, the specified equipment should be located at different heights relative to each other with a slope towards the flow inducer 6 (as indicated in Fig. 1). This arrangement of equipment leads to significant construction work during the construction of the overpass (deepening equipment or raising the flyover) and financial costs.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method of heating and draining highly viscous products from a tank (see the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 85457, IPC B65D 88/74, publ. 10.08.2009), including the selection of a cold product from the bottom of the tank, heating it in an external heat exchanger and feeding the heated product with a pump to the bottom of the tank using nozzles, using a preheated product in the initial cold product selection cycle, product circulation, automatic regulation of the course of the product in the circulation circuit, depending on the pressure at the pump inlet and the temperature in the circulation system, and at the beginning of the process, a preheated product is used to heat the product in the drained tank by feeding it with a circulation pump to its bottom through nozzles directed into the drained tank, then upon reaching the temperature and pressure of the product from the tank in the drain device, sufficient to drain the tank, the preheated product is circulated through the circulation pump, jet a pump whose function is performed by an ejector and a drain device, and when the pressure and temperature of the product reach values sufficient for pumping, they begin to divert the product to its destination.

In the device for implementing the known method adopted for the prototype, a coarse filter is installed in front of the circulation pump in the drain pipe, and a low-inertia temperature sensor is connected in front of the ejector, the output of which is connected to the control system. However, the operating efficiency of the applied filter 21 is low due to the possibility of its blockage by a liquid-solid product or mechanical particles coming from the tank, and as a result of this, pump 18 can be interrupted. If pump 18 is able to push the liquid-solid product through filter 21, then blockage by large mechanical impurities of the filter element on the filter 21 will need an emergency stop of the entire device. The pump 18 is installed directly on the drain line after the filter and the drain device, which give significant hydraulic resistance, which gives an additional load to the pump 18. The specified pump is vacuum and when the circulation through the ejector 20 and / or the hydraulic monitor 15 is closed, the pump 18 works "for itself", which reduces the efficiency of the system, since there is no expediency of using the ejector precisely as an independent pump. In the device, effectively working as a mixer of hot and cold product, the ejector is not a pump. In the known device, the heat exchanger 9 is installed after the pump 18, which negatively affects the performance of the monitors 15 when the tank, the ejector 20 is heated, due to the pressure loss on the heat exchanger 9. Therefore, using the known device, the product can be transferred over short distances or an additional pump is necessary.

The task underlying this group of inventions is to reduce the duration of the process of draining viscous petroleum products from the tank and reduce the energy required to heat the petroleum products.

The task underlying this group of inventions, with the achievement of the claimed technical result, is solved by the fact that in the method of heating and draining highly viscous oil products from the tank, including the selection of cold oil from the bottom of the tank, heating it in an external heat exchanger and supplying heated oil using a pump to the bottom of the tank using nozzles, the use of pre-heated oil in the initial cycle of selection of cold oil, circulation of oil, auto mathematical control of the flow rate of the oil product in the circulation circuit depending on the pressure at the pump inlet and the temperature in the circulation system, and at the beginning of the process, the preheated oil product is used to heat the oil in the drained tank by feeding it with a circulation pump to its bottom through nozzles directed into the drained tank , then upon reaching the temperature and pressure of the oil from the tank in the drain device, sufficient to drain the tank, pre-heated oil The product is circulated through a circulation pump, a jet pump, the function of which is an ejector and a drain device, and when the pressure and temperature of the oil product reach values sufficient for pumping, the oil product is diverted to its destination, at the beginning of the process, the oil product from the storage tank is preheated in the circuit heating, including a transfer pump and a heat exchanger, is used to heat the oil in the tank by feeding from the storage tank using a circulation pump to its bottom part through nozzles directed into the tank, then when the temperature and pressure of the oil product from the tank in the passive nozzle of the jet pump is sufficient to drain the tank, the preheated oil from the storage tank is circulated through the circuit of the circulation pump, jet pump and drain device to the storage tank, moreover, while the temperature of the oil product in the storage tank and the pressure in front of the circulation pump do not exceed the pre-set values for the heating and draining conditions, I carry out t pumping oil from the storage tank through the heating circuit back to the storage tank, and when the pressure and temperature of the oil in the storage tank reach values sufficient for pumping, they begin to divert the oil to its destination, which continues until the oil pressure passive nozzle of the jet pump will not be equal to the minimum allowable.

In addition, when the pressure in the storage tank is exceeded, the limit values begin to divert the oil product to its destination using a transfer pump, as well as a circulation pump.

In addition, if the pressure in the storage tank exceeds the limit values, the oil product is diverted to the destination by ejecting the oil from the storage tank through the passive nozzle of the additional jet pump by feeding the oil through its active nozzle using a transfer pump.

In addition, when the pressure in the storage tank exceeds the maximum values, the oil product is diverted to the destination by ejecting the oil from the storage tank through the passive nozzle of an additional jet pump by feeding the oil through its active nozzle using a transfer pump, as well as a circulation pump.

The task underlying this group of inventions, with the achievement of the claimed technical result, is also solved by the fact that a device for draining highly viscous oil products from a tank containing a drain device, a monitor with a nozzle head, a drain pipe, a circulation pump, the outlet end of which is connected to heat exchanger, filter, temperature and pressure sensors associated with the control unit, is equipped with a storage tank, transfer pump and jet pump installed in the drain device under the tank drainage device, in the pipeline of which a crane is connected to the control unit that connects the circulation pump either to the jet pump or to the monitor, and in the pipeline of the oil product transfer pump from the storage tank, a valve is connected to the specified pump either to the drain manifold, or through heat exchanger with storage tank.

In addition, the filter is placed in the storage tank with the possibility of its separation into sections, in one of which the oil is taken to the pumps, and the oil is supplied to the other section from the tank through a drain device, and the oil from the heat exchanger is returned to each section.

In addition, the storage tank is divided by the filter into sections, in one of which the selection of oil product to the pumps takes place, and the other receives the oil product from the tank through the drain device, and the oil product from the heat exchanger returns to one of the sections.

In addition, the drain manifold and the circulation pump pipe are connected by a pipe to a crane mounted on it.

In addition, an additional jet pump is installed on the drain manifold, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the storage tank, and the active nozzle is connected to the pressure pipe of the oil product transfer pump.

The main difference of the proposed method is that the invention uses a jet pump, which allows to reduce the temperature of the beginning of the discharge (i.e., the initial time to drain the oil from the tank) by using the kinetic and thermal energy of the circulation fluid supplied by the circulation pump through the pressure pipe (active jet pump nozzle) directly into the ejected volume, directly below the tank drain pipe (passive jet pump nozzle). The presence of a working nozzle of the jet pump under the drain pipe allows not only to break up the unmelted pieces of oil and to prevent clogging by the unmelted fragments of the oil, but also to “pull” the oil from the tank nozzle by creating a vacuum, as well as to avoid significant pressure loss in the pipe bends of the drain. This does not require heating the oil in the tank to such a high pumping temperature as in the prototype, which reduces the heating time and draining the tank. At the same time, in the drain line (in the drain device), in which there may be pieces of cold oil, there is no drive pump, which avoids breakdowns. The task of the flow of hot oil from the heat exchanger entering the storage tank is to destroy whole pieces of oil that fall into the storage tank into the section before the filter, which minimizes the length of the insulated pipelines of the drain line and reduces the thickness of their insulation.

Thus, during operation, the energy of the oil product supplied by the circulation pump is used to pump out the resulting heated mixture by ejection suction, and the remaining jet energy is used to warm up (wash out) the tank through the monitor. The final heating necessary for the transportation of the oil product, as well as the final breakdown and melting of the pieces, is carried out in the storage tank after the hot oil is received from the heat exchanger from the heating circuit. Moreover, the invention can be used to drain several tanks (route), using only one storage tank and one heating circuit (transfer pump and heat exchanger), which reduces material costs during the construction of the flyover.

Another difference of the method from the prototype is that the heating of cold oil in the tank through the nozzles of the monitor head occurs immediately after the start of work. This allows for an initial difficulty in opening the drain device to heat the oil product near it.

The technical result of the group of inventions is that it allows to reduce the time of emptying tanks with viscous oil products by increasing the efficiency of the process of heating, breaking and pumping oil from the tank.

These signs are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the specified technical result.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues of the prior art, from which the group of inventions does not explicitly follow for a specialist in the field of heating and draining high-viscosity oil products from a tank, showed that it is unknown. The prior art does not reveal solutions that would have the signs that match the distinctive features of the proposed technical solution, so the latter meets the condition of patentability "inventive step". The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since it can be manufactured industrially, does not require the development of new equipment and the re-equipment of existing facilities, and the tools used are widely used in petroleum engineering, which confirms the possibility of practical implementation and achievement of the technical result, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability".

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of the proposed method for heating and draining high-viscosity oil products from a tank and a device for its implementation, which clearly demonstrates the possibility of obtaining the specified technical result. Various modifications and improvements are permitted without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

The presented embodiment of the group of inventions is described further on the basis of the presented drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the proposed device for heating and draining highly viscous petroleum products from the tank;

- in FIG. 2 the same, second option;

- in FIG. 3 the same, the third option.

A device for heating and draining highly viscous oil products from a tank contains a drain device 1, a three-way switching valve 2 and 13, a circulation pump 3, a circulation pipe 4, a monitor 5, a jet pump 6, a drain pipe 7, a storage tank 8, a filter 9, a pump pipeline transfer pump 10, transfer pump 11, heat exchanger 12, drain manifold 14, temperature sensor 15 and 16, pressure sensor 17 and 18, control unit 19 and an additional jet pump 20.

On the drain device of the tank, a bottom drain device 1 is installed, containing a telescopic monitor 5 with nozzles in the head and an ejector 6 located under the drain pipe of the tank. Switching the supply of heated oil from the circulation circuit to the monitor 5 or to the working nozzle of the jet pump 6 is carried out using a three-way valve 2, according to the readings of the pressure sensors 18 and temperature 15. The section with the filtered oil 9 using the filter 9 in the storage tank 8 is connected to the circulation pump 3 and a three-way valve 2 using the pipeline 4. The drain pipe 7 connects the drain device 1 with the section of the storage tank 8 with unfiltered oil. The transfer pump 11 mounted on the pipeline 10 is connected via a valve 13 to a drain manifold 14 and a heat exchanger 12, the hot oil product from which enters the storage tank section 8 with unfiltered oil product. The position of the locking elements of the valves 2 and 13 is controlled by means of actuators controlled by the program embedded in the control unit 19 according to the data received from the sensors 15, 16, 17, 18.

The method is implemented as follows.

Initially, the storage tank 8 contains a certain amount of heated oil. The drain device 1 by the service personnel is connected to the drain device of the tank and the shutter of the drain device is torn off. The circulation pump 3 is turned on, through the valve 2, the oil flows to the monitor 5. If it is difficult to open the drain device, the oil passes through the nozzles of the monitor head 5 through the nozzles of the monitor head 5 to the shutter of the drain device, heating its surface and the oil in the tank in contact with it, which will allow it open. When a heated oil product is fed into the tank through the nozzles of the monitor head 5, it mixes with cold oil in the tank, partially melting, dissolving and destroying it. A mixed oil product, possessing the minimum required fluidity and the maximum allowable viscosity (significantly higher than in schemes with a pump located on the drain pipe), flows into the nozzle of the drain device (passive nozzle of the jet pump). At the same time, if the temperature and pressure values of the column of this mixture, determined using sensors 15 and 18, reach the nominal set value, by command 19, the valve actuator 2 will transfer its shut-off element so that pipelines 4 and 7 are connected. The heated oil pumped by pump 4 from the storage tank 8, it will go to the working nozzle of the jet pump 6, which will allow using the ejection suction to forcibly pump out the mixed oil from the tank drain device through the drain device 1 into the section of the storage tank 8, located pre-filter 9. When the temperature and pressure of the oil product in the storage tank 8 in the section after the filter 9, which are determined by the readings of the sensors 16 and 17 to a predetermined value, decrease, the transfer pump 11, which supplies the oil from this section of the storage tank 8, is turned on through the valve 13 and the heat exchanger 12 into the section of the storage tank 8 to the filter 9. The oil heated in the heat exchanger dilutes the oil in the section of the storage tank 8 to the filter 9, reduces the resistance on the filter 9, and also melts and destroys the pieces of the product that got from the drain device to the filter 9. When the filter element on the filter 9 is blocked by mechanical impurities, the oil supply through 11 through the valve 13 and the heat exchanger 12 to the storage tank 8 allows you to clean the surface of the filter element from impurities (put into suspension) and continue oil discharge without stopping. In quasi-stationary mode, over time, the pressure in front of pumps 3 and 11 and the temperature of the oil in the storage tank 8 will increase (the amount of oil in the installation increases with constant pumping capacity of the circulating oil due to the receipt of new oil from the tank, the temperature rises due to heating of the oil circulating through a heat exchanger). When the pressure (level of oil product) and temperature in the storage tank 8, determined according to readings 16 and 17, increase to certain values, the three-way valve 13 is switched by the actuator by command 19 to connect the section of the storage tank 8 after the filter 9 to the drain manifold 14. Oil product from the storage tank 8, the transfer pump 11 is pumped into the drain manifold 14 and arrives at its destination. The termination of the discharge of oil from the tank is carried out by turning off the pumps 3 and 11 when the pressure determined by the sensor 17 is reduced to a value equal to the minimum allowable pressure.

If the capacity of the transfer pump 11 does not allow pumping all the oil transferred by the jet pump 3 to the storage tank 8, it is possible to connect the pipeline 4 after pump 3 to the discharge manifold 14 (see Fig. 2) using the pipeline. This will intensify the pumping of oil from storage tank 8 to the consumer. For the same purpose, in the scheme, when the discharge is carried out not to the pressure head manifold, but to the receiving tank, an additional jet pump can be used that connects the storage tank with the pass collector with the drain collector and the active nozzle with the pressure head of the transfer pump (see Fig. 3).

Claims (5)

1. A device for heating and draining highly viscous petroleum products from a tank, comprising a drain device, a monitor with a nozzle head, a drain pipe, a circulation pump, the outlet end of which is connected to a heat exchanger, a filter, temperature and pressure sensors associated with the control unit, characterized in which is equipped with a storage tank, transfer pump and jet pump installed in the drain device under the tank drain device, in the pipeline of which is connected to the control unit to en connecting with the circulating pump or jet pump or with a monitor, a pump in the pipeline pumping oil from the container-mounted crane drive connecting said pump to drain or collector, either through a heat exchanger with a capacity drive. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter is placed in a storage tank with the possibility of its separation into sections, in one of which the selection of oil to the pumps takes place, and the oil from the tank enters the other section through the drain device, the oil from the heat exchanger returns to each section. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage tank is divided by the filter into sections, in one of which the oil is taken to the pumps, and the other receives the oil from the tank through the drain device, and the oil from the heat exchanger returns to one of the sections . 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain manifold and the circulation pump pipeline are connected by a pipeline to a crane installed on it. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional jet pump is installed on the drain manifold, the passive nozzle of which is connected to the storage tank, and the active nozzle is connected to the pressure pipe of the oil product transfer pump.

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