RU2538646C1 - Method for bioencapsulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to chemical-pharmaceutical industry and represents a method for producing drug microcapsules by non-solvent addition, differing by the fact that the drugs are presented by cephalosporin preparations, while the coating is human leukocyte interferon α and β, which is deposited from an aqueous solution by adding isopropanole as a non-solvent and acetone at 25°C.

EFFECT: invention provides simplifying and accelerating the process of microcapsules, reducing production loss (higher mass yield).

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Description

The invention relates to the field of bioencapsulation, in particular the preparation of microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group in the α- and β-forms of human leukocyte interferon.

Previously known methods for producing microcapsules of drugs. So, in Pat. 2092155 IPC A61K 047/02, A61K 009/16, published on 10/10/1997, Russian Federation, a method for microencapsulation of drugs based on the use of special equipment using ultraviolet radiation was proposed.

The disadvantages of this method are the duration of the process and the use of ultraviolet radiation, which can affect the process of formation of microcapsules.

In US Pat. 2095055 IPC A61K 9/52, A61K 9/16, A61K 9/10, Russian Federation, published 10.11.1997, a method for producing solid non-porous microspheres includes melting a pharmaceutically inactive carrier substance, dispersing the pharmaceutically active substance in a melt in an inert atmosphere, spraying the resulting dispersion in the form of fog in a freezing chamber under pressure in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of from -15 to -50 ° C, and the separation of the obtained microspheres into fractions by size. A suspension intended for administration by parenteral injection contains an effective amount of said microspheres distributed in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vector, the pharmaceutically active substance of the microsphere being insoluble in said liquid medium.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: the complexity and duration of the process, the use of special equipment.

In US Pat. 2091071 IPC A61K 35/10, Russian Federation, published 09/27/1997, a method for producing the preparation by dispersion in a ball mill to obtain microcapsules is proposed.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of a ball mill, which can lead to the destruction of part of the microcapsules and ultimately to a decrease in the yield of the final product.

In US Pat. 2076765 IPC B01D 9/02 Russian Federation published 04/10/1997 A method for producing dispersed particles of soluble compounds in microcapsules by crystallization from a solution is proposed, characterized in that the solution is dispersed in an inert matrix, cooled, and dispersed particles are obtained by changing the temperature.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of execution: obtaining microcapsules by dispersion with subsequent change in temperature, which slows down the process.

In US Pat. 2101010 IPC A61K 9/52, A61K 9/50, A61K 9/22, A61K 9/20, A61K 31/19, Russian Federation, published January 10, 1998, a chewing form of the drug with a taste mask is proposed, which has the properties of a controlled release of the drug contains microcapsules with a size of 100-800 microns in diameter and consists of a pharmaceutical core with crystalline ibuprofen and a polymer coating comprising a plasticizer flexible enough to withstand chewing. The polymer coating is a methacrylic acid based copolymer.

The disadvantages of the invention: the use of a copolymer based on methacrylic acid, as these polymer coatings can cause cancerous tumors; obtaining microcapsules by suspension polymerization; complexity of execution; the duration of the process.

In US Pat. 2139046 IPC A61K 9/50, A61K 49/00, A61K 51/00, Russian Federation, published on 10/10/1999, a method for producing microcapsules as follows. An oil-in-water emulsion is prepared from an organic solution containing dissolved mono-, di-, triglyceride, preferably tripalmitin or tristearin, and possibly a therapeutically active substance, and an aqueous solution containing a surfactant, possibly a portion of the solvent is evaporated, a redispersing agent is added the agent and the mixture are freeze dried. After freezing, the mixture is then redispersed in an aqueous carrier to separate the microcapsules from residues of organic matter, and the hemispherical or spherical microcapsules are dried.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity and duration of the process, the use of freeze-drying, which takes a lot of time and slows down the process of obtaining microcapsules.

In US Pat. 2159037 IPC A01N 25/28, A01N 25/30, Russian Federation, published November 20, 2000, a method for producing microcapsules by a polymerization reaction at the phase boundary, containing solid agrochemical material 0.1-55 wt.% Suspended in an organic mixed with water liquid, 0.01-10 wt.% non-ionic dispersant, active at the phase boundary and not acting as an emulsifier.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: complexity, duration, the use of high shear mixer, obtaining microcapsules by the chemical polymerization method, technological complexity.

In US Pat. 2173140 IPC A61K 009/50, A61K 009/127, Russian Federation, published September 10, 2001. A method for producing silicon organolipid microcapsules using a rotary-cavitation unit with high shear forces and powerful sonar acoustic and ultrasonic dispersion ranges is proposed.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: complexity, duration, the use of high shear mixer.

In US Pat. 2359662 IPC A61K 009/56, A61J 003/07, B01J 013/02, A23L 001/00, published June 27, 2009, Russian Federation, a method for producing microcapsules using spray cooling in a Niro spray cooling tower under the following conditions: inlet air temperature 10 ° C, outlet air temperature 28 ° C, spray drum rotation speed of 10,000 rpm. The microcapsules of the invention have improved stability and provide controlled and / or prolonged release of the active ingredient.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the duration of the process and the use of special equipment, a set of certain conditions (air temperature at the inlet 10 ° C, air temperature at the outlet 28 ° C, rotation speed of the spray drum 10,000 rpm).

In US Pat. 20110223314 IPC B05D 7/00 20060101 B05D 007/00, B05C 3/02 20060101 B05C 003/02; B05C 11/00 20060101 B05C 011/00; B05D 1/18 20060101 B05D 001/18; B05D 3/02 20060101 B05D 003/02; B05D 3/06 20060101 B05D 003/06 dated 03/10/2011 US describes a method for producing microcapsules by suspension polymerization, which belongs to the group of chemical methods using a new device and ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and duration of the process, the use of special equipment, the use of ultraviolet radiation.

In US Pat. WO / 2011/150138 US IPC C11D 3/37; B01J 13/08; C11D 17/00, published 01.12.2011, describes a method for producing solid microcapsules, water-soluble agents by polymerization.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of execution and the duration of the process.

In US Pat. WO / 2011/127030 US IPC A61K 8/11; B01J 2/00; B01J 13/06; C11D 3/37; C11D 3/39; C11D 17/00, published October 13, 2011, several methods for producing microcapsules are proposed: interfacial polymerization, thermally induced phase separation, spray drying, evaporation of the solvent, etc.

The disadvantages of the proposed methods are the complexity, duration of the processes, as well as the use of special equipment (filter (Albet, Dassel, Germany), a spray dryer for collecting particles (Spray-4M8 Dryer from ProCepT, Belgium)).

In US Pat. WO / 2011/104526 GB IPC B01J 13/00; B01J 13/14; C09B 67/00; C09D 11/02, published 01.09.2011, a method for producing a dispersion of encapsulated solid particles in a liquid medium is proposed, comprising: a) grinding a composition comprising solid, liquid media and polyurethane dispersants with an acid number from 0.55 to 3.5 mmol per gram dispersant, the composition includes from 5 to 40 parts of a polyurethane dispersant per 100 parts of solid, products, by weight; and b) crosslinking the polyurethane dispersant in the presence of a solid and liquid medium, as for the encapsulation of solid particles, which polyurethane dispersant contains less than 10% by weight of repeating elements from polymer alcohols.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity and duration of the process for producing microcapsules, as well as the fact that the encapsulated particles of the proposed method are useful as dyes in ink, especially inkjet inks, for the pharmaceutical industry this technique is not applicable.

In US Pat. WO / 2011/056935 US IPC C11D 17/00; A61K 8/11; B01J 13/02; C11D 3/50, published May 12, 2011, describes a method for producing microcapsules with a size of 15 microns or more. Polymers of the group consisting of polyethylene, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polysaccharides, epoxies, vinyl polymers and mixtures thereof are proposed as a shell material. The proposed polymer shells are sufficiently impervious to core material and materials in the environment in which the agent is encapsulated, the benefit will be used to provide the benefits that will be obtained. The core of encapsulated agents may include perfumes, silicone oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, essential oils, lipids, skin cooling fluids, vitamins, sunscreens, antioxidants, glycerin, catalysts, bleaching particles, particles of silicon dioxide, etc.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity, duration of the process, the use as shells of microcapsules of polymers of synthetic origin and their mixtures.

The closest method is the method proposed in US Pat. 2134967 IPC A01N 53/00, A01N 25/28, published 08/27/1999, Russian Federation (1999). A solution of a mixture of natural lipids and a pyrethroid insecticide in a weight ratio of 2-4: 1 in an organic solvent is dispersed in water, which simplifies the microencapsulation method.

The disadvantage of this method is dispersion in an aqueous medium, which makes the proposed method inapplicable for producing microcapsules of water-soluble preparations in water-soluble polymers.

The technical task is to simplify and accelerate the process of obtaining microcapsules of water-soluble drugs of the cephalosporin group in the α- and β-forms of human leukocyte interferon, to reduce losses in the production of microcapsules (increase in mass yield).

The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the bioencapsulation method, characterized in that the human leukocyte interferon in α- and β-forms is used as the microcapsule shell when the microcapsules are obtained by the physicochemical precipitation with a non-solvent using two precipitators - isopropanol and acetone, the production process is carried out without special equipment .

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the use as a shell of microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group related to β-lactam antibiotics, human leukocyte interferon in α- and β-forms when they are obtained by the physicochemical method of precipitation with a non-solvent using isopropanol and acetone as precipitants.

The result of the proposed method is the preparation of microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group related to β-lactam antibiotics in α- and β-forms of human leukocyte interferon at 25 ° C for 15 minutes. The output of microcapsules is more than 90%.

EXAMPLE 1 Obtaining microcapsules of cefotaxime in human leukocyte interferon (β-interferon) using isopropanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2.5 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocyte interferon (β-interferon) add 0.075 g of cefotaxime powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of isopropanol and acetone are added dropwise very slowly as the first precipitant, and then 5 ml of isopropanol as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0.095 g of a white powder. The yield was 95%.

EXAMPLE 2 Obtaining microcapsules of cefotaxime in human leukocyte interferon (α-interferon) using isopropanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocyte interferon (α-interferon) add 0.060 g of cefatoxime powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of isopropanol and acetone are added dropwise very slowly as the first precipitant, and then 5 ml of isopropanol as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0,078 g of a white powder. The yield was 98%.

EXAMPLE 3 Obtaining microcapsules of ceftriaxone in human leukocyte interferon (β-interferon) using isopropanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2.5 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocyte interferon (β-interferon) add 0.075 g of ceftriaxone powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of isopropanol is added dropwise very slowly as the first precipitant, and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0,097 g of a white powder. The yield was 97%.

EXAMPLE 4 Obtaining microcapsules of ceftriaxone in human leukocyte interferon (α-interferon) using isopropanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocyte interferon (α-interferon) add 0.060 g of ceftriaxone powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of isopropanol is added dropwise very slowly as the first precipitant, and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0,079 g of a white powder. The yield was 98%.

Microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group in α- and β-forms of human leukocyte interferon were obtained. The process is simple to execute and lasts for 15 minutes, does not require special equipment.

It should be noted that the preparation of microcapsules of water-soluble preparations in water-soluble polymers is a particularly difficult task. To solve this problem, it is necessary to select a method for producing microcapsules. For microencapsulation, the physicochemical method was chosen due to the rapidity and ease of execution.

The proposed technique is suitable for the pharmaceutical industry due to the minimal losses, speed, ease of preparation and isolation of microcapsules of cephalosporins related to β-lactam antibiotics in α- and β-forms of human leukocyte interferon.

Claims (1)

A method of producing microcapsules of drugs by non-solvent precipitation, characterized in that the drugs used are cephalosporins, and the shell is the α- and β-form of human leukocyte interferon, which is precipitated from an aqueous solution by adding isopropanol and acetone as a non-solvent 25 ° C.