RU2537899C2 - Method of weed control at cultivation of fruit and berry and medicinal cultures on permafrost soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to plant-growing. The method uses the early varieties of potatoes as fallow crop for cultivation of fruit and berry and medicinal cultures on permafrost soils.

EFFECT: method allows to minimize the diversity and abundance of weed grasses and is environmentally safe.

1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production.

A known method of weed control in the garden, vineyard and nursery of fruit and berry crops (RF patent No. 2238650 IPC A01N 57/10, published 08/20/2004).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of chemicals that adversely affect the quality of fruits and berries, respectively, and human health.

A known method of combating weeds (application for patent of the Russian Federation No. 98111409 IPC АВВ 39/02, published on 06/20/2000), which consists in mechanically processing the soil with subsequent irrigation and destruction of the sprouted weeds by mechanical processing.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of information on which cultures this method is used.

A known method of combating weeds on irrigated lands (RF patent No. 2142227 IPC A01M 21/00, published 03/20/1997).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and mismatch of natural and climatic conditions.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a method of combating weeds in biological farming (RF patent No. 2233056 IPC AB 79/02, published July 27, 2004).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of information on the use of this method when growing seedlings of fruit and medicinal woody plants and herbaceous perennials.

The technical task of the invention is the development of a method of combating weeds in nurseries when growing seedlings of fruit and medicinal woody plants and herbaceous perennials. The introduction of the use of a three-field crop rotation is proposed, as the steam-harvesting crop - the use of early varieties of potatoes.

Growing seedlings in fruit nurseries and nurseries of medicinal plants is accompanied by the presence of weed species in the plantings. In the process of evolution, the biology of segetal plants adapted to the regime of agrotechnical measures; as a result, the ecological optimum of these plants, as well as cultivated ones, is confined to cultivated areas where they normally grow, develop and multiply.

Weed herbs exert constant pressure on the growth and development of young plants, spending a significant part of moisture and nutrients, thereby drowning out the planting of seedlings of both woody and herbaceous plants. In addition, the abundance of weeds, especially large and hard-stemmed with a developed root system (Malva crisp - curly mallow) or long-rhizome (Elytrigia repens - creeping wheatgrass), significantly complicate the use of garden mechanization, interfering with the smooth operation of cultivators.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method of weed control is due to both agrotechnical methods for the cultivation of early potato varieties (deep plowing, harrowing, cultivation, etc.) and the absence of danger of infection of permafrost soils with pathogens of potato diseases transmitted to other plants through the soil. When cultivating fruit and berry and medicinal crops on permafrost soils, after cultivating potatoes as a steam-occupying crop, the manifestation of soil pathogens is excluded, which makes it possible to use it freely and without consequences in agricultural regions of Yakutia as a steam-occupying crop.

The use of plantings of early potato varieties as precursors of fruit and medicinal seedlings of woody and herbaceous perennials inhibits the growth and development of perennial weeds. Perennials Elytrigia repens - creeping wheatgrass, Plantago depressa - pressed psyllium, Saussurea amara - bitter saussure and others, Malva crispa - curly malva, Polygonum convolvulus - mountaineer curly, Erodium cicetris rugola - cicutaria , Bunias orientalis - Eastern Swerbig (Table 1).

Table 1 The results of accounting for weeds after harvesting early potato varieties Yakutyanka and Severny View The abundance of weeds (according to the scale of E.V. Shlyakova, 1982). Before planting potatoes Autumn after harvesting potatoes In the spring before planting seedlings Elytrigia repens 3 0 0 Setaria viridis four 0 0 Polygonum aviculare four 0 0 Polygonum convolvulus four 0 0 Axyris amaranthoides one 0 0

Chenopodium album 2 0 one Salsola collina ^one 0 0 Amaranthus retro flexus one 0 0 Leptopyrum fumario ides one one one Bunias arvensis one 0 0 Capsella bursa-pastoris one one one Descurainia sophia 2 0 0 Thiaspi arvense one 0 0 Erodium cicutarium four 0 0 Malva crispa four 0 0 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 2 0 0 Lappula squarrosa one 0 0 Leonurus glaucescens one one 0 Scutellaria scordiifolia 2 0 0 Plantago depressa 2 0 0 Plantago major one 0 0 A rtem isiajacutica 2 0 0 Heteropappus biennis one 0 0 Saussurea amara 2 0 0 Sonchus oleraceus four one one Taraxacum dissectum. one 0 0

The use of potato plantings reduced the species diversity of weed plants of the experimental plot from 26 species to 4, with a decrease in the abundance of the latter to a minimum, and a total loss of 22 species.

Thus, the use of early varieties of potatoes as a steam harvesting culture significantly reduces the diversity and abundance of weeds. In addition, the proposed method of weed control is environmentally friendly.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling weeds during the cultivation of fruit and berry and medicinal crops on permafrost soils, characterized in that early varieties of potatoes are used as a steam harvesting crop.