RU2537219C1 - Hybrid cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: hybrid cartridge includes a case, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, jet propulsion and a bullet. A bullet is of half-cover type of variable length with conic nozzle. The bullet contains a cover with blunt end, a jacket, a bushing, a cap and arrow-shaped core, pressed to the cap. The propulsion contains a bushing of H-shaped longitudinal section from shockproof ceramics with low thermal conductivity. Inside the bushing there glued is mixed or ballistite solid fuel. The fuel is added with combustion speed controller and combustion-stabilisation device, ignitable with hot gases of the case propellent charge. The partition of ceramic bushing separating a bullet from fuel is provided with five cylindrical holes. The inside of the fore end of ceramic bushing and external surface of bullet bushing are provided with two flat surfaces. The propulsion is glued inside the case using a glue with good adhesion and strength after curing. The propulsion adds acceleration to the bullet after shot to the rated speed to the moment of complete burning of propellent charge with possibility of separation from the bullet resulting from glue sublimation under high temperature and gases pressure.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of bullet.

4 dwg, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to ammunition for rifled weapons. It uses both a conventional cartridge case and a specialized reduced cartridge case, as well as a jet engine (RD) and a variable-length bullet. The propellant charge (MH) of the RD is a mixed or ballistic solid rocket fuel (TRT), the exhaust gas velocity of which during combustion exceeds the exhaust velocity of the powder gases. At the time of the shot, the taxiway and the bullet, as a whole, fly out of the barrel. By the time of complete burnout of the MOH, the taxiway additionally accelerates the bullet to the estimated speed and is separated from it.

After separation from the taxiway, the speed and length of the bullet, the range and accuracy of the battle increase due to the preservation of the optimal values of the ballistic coefficient and the factor of gyroscopic stability of the bullet, kinetic damage to the target is ensured due to the high speed of the bullet.

The use of a reduced sleeve reduces recoil, shooter unmasking - the size of the dust cloud at the time of the shot, the brightness level of the flash and the volume of the shot, the weight and dimensions of the promising small-arms weapon. In addition, the life of the barrel increases.

This invention takes an intermediate step between a conventional cartridge and a reactive / active-reactive projectile. Therefore, it was called the hybrid cartridge (GP).

Close to the claimed invention is the invention RU 2372581 C1. A cartridge with a reactive bullet contains a sleeve with a capsule and a bullet located with a gap to the inner surface of its bottom with an internal cavity in which the MZ is located and with an opening in the form of a nozzle. The bullet is made with a length of 0.6 ... 0.8 the length of the cartridge, and the MOH consists of at least two parts made of components with different burning speeds and completely placed in the cavity of the bullet with the possibility of their sequential ignition and burning from slowly burning components to rapidly burning components, while the bullet is mounted in a sleeve with an interference fit of 0.003 ... 0.01 caliber bullet.

Parts of the MOH with a horizontal arrangement of the cartridge between themselves are divided along the vertical plane by easily combustible partitions.

This and the proposed invention combines the use of one physical principle - the reactive movement of the body, with the only difference being that in the proposed invention the taxiway does not play the main, but the auxiliary function in accelerating the bullet to a given speed.

The main disadvantages of this invention are:

Firstly, the reactive bullet requires a significantly larger powder charge to ensure a speed equal to the bullet velocity of a conventional cartridge, which leads to a significant lengthening of the bullet with equal caliber and weight.

Secondly, the use of an elongated jet bullet in rifled weapons worsens the factor of gyroscopic stability, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of the battle.

Thirdly, the use of an elongated jet bullet in smooth-bore weapons, the feathering of which is only the tail of its hull, is not enough and will create the problem of stabilizing the bullet, especially of large caliber and over long distances.

Fourthly, parts of MOH from different components with different fractionalities and burning rates, separated by safety easily combustible partitions, are easier to replace with one TRT with the addition of a combustion speed controller and a combustion stabilizer.

Fifth, with an equal mass of a reactive bullet and a bullet of a conventional cartridge, the first is inferior in armor-piercing to modern body armor, in which Kevlar fabric and ceramic tiles are used, because of the cavity in the bullet body.

Sixth, a reactive bullet of this design complicates the technology of its manufacture and control, increases the cost compared to a conventional bullet.

Figure 1 shows a GP with a sleeve 1 of a 12.7 × 108 caliber, RD 2 and a semi-shell type bullet 3 (the igniter capsule and the propellant charge of the sleeve 1 are not shown due to the obviousness of their use).

RD (Figure 2) contains a sleeve 4 of an H-shaped longitudinal section of impact-resistant ceramics with low thermal conductivity, for example, alumina ceramics, and mixed or ballistic TPT 5 (for example, RU 2430902 C1, RU 2473528 C2, RU 2367812 C1, RU 2007110414 A ) In addition, a fuel speed regulator and a combustion stabilizer (RU 2003106066 A) are added to fuel 5. The RD is glued inside the liner with adhesive with high adhesion and strength after hardening (RU 2004105789 A). The adhesive is applied to the outer surface of the tail of the sleeve 4 to a length equal to the length from the barrel to the neck of the sleeve 1. Fuel 5, which can withstand overloads of up to 2 × 10 ⁴ g, is glued inside the sleeve 4. The adhesive and sleeve 4 also serve as a fuel armor 5. Ignition of the fuel 5 is produced by hot gases from the liner 1.

A bullet 3, having, for example, a conical spout, contains a shell 6 with a blunt end, with a diameter of 0.12 ... 0.2 gauge, a shirt 7, a sleeve 8, a cup 9 and a core 10 arrow-shaped, pressed into the cup 9. The conical spouts of the sleeve 8 and the core 10 coincide with the cone of the shell 6. The shirt 7 is worn on the sleeve 8 until it stops in a vertical surface behind the cone of the sleeve 8. The side of the bottom of the shell 6 fixes the shirt 7 on the sleeve 8.

On the cylindrical tail part of the shell 6, a centering thickening 11 of the trapezoidal section is made with a length of not more than half the length of the cylindrical part of the shell 6 and a diameter equal to the actual caliber of the bullet 3 (View A). The angle of inclination of the front side of the trapezoid is 45 or 60 degrees. The back side of the trapezoid is perpendicular or inclined at an angle of 45 or 60 degrees.

The cup 9 is inserted into the sleeve 8 until the stop of the cone of the core 10 in the shell 6, so that the bottom of the cup 9 is flush with the bottom of the sleeve 8. Thanks to the hole in the bottom of the sleeve 8, the cup 9 is able to move inside the sleeve 8 until it stops flange of the cup 9 into the side of the sleeve 8 with fixing in this position, provided by an interference fit between the inner diameter of the sleeve 8 and the diameter of the flange of the cup 9.

In the partition of the ceramic sleeve 4, which separates the bullet 3 from the fuel 5 and has a thickness of 2.0 ... 3.0 of the wall thickness of the sleeve 4, at least five cylindrical holes 12 are made - one in the center and four on the main axes that are adjacent to the inner surface bushings 4 (Section BB). The diameter of the holes is 0.16 ... 0.2 of the inner diameter of the sleeve 4.

To prevent twisting of the bullet 3 from the ceramic sleeve 4 in the bore, inside the nose of the sleeve 4 and on the outer surface of the sleeve 8 of the bullet 3 at least two flat surfaces are made, with a width of not more than the radius of the sleeve 8 (Section B-B).

The bullet 3 is inserted by the tail portion of the sleeve 8 protruding from the shell 6 into the bow of the ceramic sleeve 4 and glued with adhesive applied to the end and inner surfaces of the sleeve 4.

As a result of the sublimation of the adhesive under the action of high temperature and gas pressure at the time of burnup of fuel 5, the ceramic sleeve 4 is separated from the bullet 3. After separation from the sleeve 4, a significant short-term acceleration will be exerted on the bullet 3. It will lead to the displacement of the cup 9 inside the sleeve 8 (Figure 3). Changing the length of the bullet 3 will maintain the optimal values of the ballistic coefficient and gyroscopic stability factor of the bullet 3.

At the moment the bullet 3 hits the target, the cup 9 with the core 10 will inertia move forward and break through the deformed shell 6. In addition, deformation of the shell 6 and forward displacement of the cup 9 with the core 10 reduce the likelihood of a bullet 3 ricochet when it hits the target. Such a phenomenon is used, for example, in the construction of a hammer, in the cavity of which a shot is buried, preventing the rebound of the hammer when it hits a metal.

Assuming that the bullet 3 and the sleeve 4 are the same external forces balancing each other before and after their separation, the speed of the bullet 3 after separation will increase. It can be calculated according to the law of conservation of momentum from the vector equation:

или

or

Where

m _p is the mass of the bullet (g);

m _in - the mass of the sleeve (g);

V _o - speed at the time of separation (m / s);

- скорость пули после отделения (м/с);

- bullet speed after separation (m / s);

- скорость втулки после отделения (м/с).

- sleeve speed after separation (m / s).

EXAMPLE 1. The following GP parameters are defined by the terms of reference: 12.7 × 108 caliber sleeve, taxiway and bullet length 69 mm, taxiway and bullet weight 48 g, initial velocity of the taxiway and bullet 800 m / s, bullet caliber 13.01 mm, RD accelerates a conical bullet of a half-shell type without a conical bottom in the range from 900 to 1000 m / s, the specific gravity of aluminum oxide α-Al ₂ O _{3 with a} purity of 98 ... 99 percent, including a binder and reinforcing components, 3 ... 3.85 g / cm ³ , the specific gravity of the TRT, including a combustion rate controller, a combustion stabilizer and glue, 4 ... 4.5 g / cm ³ .

Determine: the dimensions and weight of the ceramic sleeve RD; fuel size and weight; materials and dimensions of the shell, shirt, sleeve, cup, core and the total weight of the bullet; the optimal cutting pitch (OSH) of the barrel channel for a bunch of taxiways and bullets, the values of ballistic coefficient (GK) and gyroscopic stability factor (FGS) for a bunch of taxiways and bullets, the values of BC and FGS bullets after separation from the sleeve RD.

Solution: As a result of optimization, the following were determined:

- ceramic sleeve - outer diameter 12.7 mm, length 36 mm, wall thickness 6 mm, specific gravity 3.85 g / cm ³ , weight 13.31 g;

- fuel - outer diameter 6.3 mm, length 24 mm, specific gravity 4.19 g / cm ³ , weight 3.27 g;

- bullet - outer diameter 12.7 mm, diameter and length of the centering bulge 13.01 mm and 6 mm, length when folded 39 mm, length in the extended state 62.5 mm, cone length 21 mm, blunt tip diameter 2 mm, the length of the tail of the sleeve protruding from the shell 6 mm, the outer diameter of the tail of the sleeve 8.7 mm, the outer diameter of the cup 4.7 mm, the length of the cup 25.85 mm, the diameter of the cup flange 6.75 mm, the outer diameter of the shirt 10.7 mm , shirt length 10.65 mm, shirt thickness 1 mm. The shirt and core material is lead, the rest is copper. The total weight of the bullet is 31.42 g;

- the width of the flat surfaces of both bushings 8.7 mm;

- GP length 162 mm (108-15 + 69 = 162, where 15 is the depth at which the taxiway is inserted into the sleeve).

From the vector equation, we determine the speed of the bullet after separation from the sleeve RD:

m _p m _in V _o

31,42 13.31 900 1561, 1000 1735.

Iteration 1: We determine the predicted values of BC, FGS and OSHN for bullet speeds, as if it would fly out of the barrel without a taxiway, so that FGS = 1.50.

Iteration 2: Since the OSHN values are linearly dependent, we take the average OSHN value and repeat the first iteration with this value.

Iteration 3: We determine the predicted values of BC and FGS with an average OSN for a bunch of taxiways and bullets and an initial speed of 800 m / s.

Iteration 4: We determine the predicted values of BC and FGS with an average OSH value until the bullet separates from the RD bushing at the time of complete burnout of the fuel.

Conclusion: BC and FGS with an average OSHN value retain the optimal values before and after the separation of the bullet from the RD sleeve.

EXAMPLE 2. The following GP parameters are defined by the terms of reference: 12.7 × 55 caliber sleeve, taxiway and bullet length 57 mm, taxiway and bullet weight 41.95 g, initial velocity of the taxiway and bullet 360 m / s, bullet caliber 13.01 mm, RD accelerates a conical bullet of a semi-shell type without a conical bottom in the range from 375 to 390 m / s (Figure 4). The length of the fuel and the tail of the ceramic sleeve is reduced from 24 mm to 12 mm. The weight of the ceramic sleeve is 8.89 g. The weight of the fuel is 1.64 g. The remaining initial and certain data are taken from the first example.

GP length 97 mm (55-15 + 57 = 97).

From the vector equation, we determine the speed of the bullet after separation from the sleeve RD:

m _p m _in V _o

31,42 8.89 375 523, 390 544.

Iteration 1: We determine the predicted values of BC, FGS and OSHN for bullet speeds, as if it would fly out of the barrel without a taxiway, so that FGS = 1.50.

Iteration 2: We determine the average OSN value and repeat the first iteration with this value.

Iteration 3: We determine the predicted values of BC and FGS with an average OSN for a bunch of taxiways and bullets and an initial speed of 360 m / s.

Table 7 Vsv, m / s Lсв, mm Dsv, mm Lk mm Dk mm GSt, g BC FGS OSHN, mm 360 57 12.7 21 2 41.95 0.566 1.33 240

Iteration 4: We determine the predicted values of BC and FGS with an average OSH value until the bullet separates from the RD bushing at the time of complete burnout of the fuel.

Conclusion: Only when the bullet is accelerated to 375 m / s and OSHN = 238 mm, BC and FGS to (0.566 and 1.36) and after (0.580 and 1.51) separating the bullet from the RD bushing keep the optimal values. A further increase in the acceleration speed leads to the re-stabilization of the ligament of the taxiway and the bullet, as well as the bullet after separation from the taxiway sleeve.

In conclusion, a number of Russian developers and manufacturers of TRT and products for various purposes should be mentioned, the experience of which can be applied in the implementation of this invention:

Altai FNGSC, frpc.secna.ru

Quote: “More than 150 small-sized products from mixed and ballistic compositions and 92 ignition devices for engines, gas generators and pressure accumulators for special equipment and industry with the main characteristics in the following ranges have been developed and introduced:

- by weight of the product from 0.004 kg to 1080 kg - by caliber from 20 mm to 600 mm - by work time from 0.01 s to 340 s ”

FTsDT Soyuz, RU 2003106066 A, RU 2004105789 A, RU 2007110414 A, www.fcdt.ru

Quote: “Mixture formulations were developed and introduced:

- with environmentally friendly combustion products;

- with optically transparent combustion products;

- with a wide temperature range of operation;

- high in explosives.

Ballistic compositions containing explosives and metallic fuel:

- high-strength high-modulus, withstanding overloads up to 2 × 10 ⁴ g;

- high-energy, including with increased transparency of combustion products;

- high speed

- low temperature with a minimum content of condensed phase in the products of combustion;

“flameless, eliminating the flame behind the nozzle of the rocket engine.”

FSUE NIIPM, RU 2430902 C1, RU 2367812 C1, niipm.perm.ru

FSUE TsNIIHM, RU 2473528 C2, www.cniihm.ru

NEVZ-CERAMIX CJSC, www.nevz-ceramics.com/en

Quote: “The serial production of alumina ceramics of various geometries has been mastered. Monopanels of double curvature are under development. Currently, the main serial nomenclature is a rectangular flat and radius armor plate with dimensions of 50 × 50 mm and 80 × 80 mm in the range of thicknesses 4 ... 12 mm, armored rolls in the range of diameters 13.4 ... 29 mm and height range 8 ... 24 mm, hexagons in "turnkey" size range of 20 ... 40 mm and a height range of 4 ... 20 mm. "

Claims (1)

A hybrid cartridge containing a sleeve, an igniter capsule, a propellant charge, a jet engine and a semi-shell type bullet of variable length and, for example, a conical nose, containing a shell with a blunt end, with a diameter of 0.12 ... 0.2 gauge, a shirt, a sleeve, a cup and the arrow-shaped core, pressed into the cup, the conical spouts of the sleeve and core coincide with the cone of the shell, the shirt is put on the sleeve all the way to the vertical surface behind the cone of the sleeve, the bottom edge of the shell fixes the shirt on the sleeve, on a cylindrical of the trailing end of the shell, a centering thickening of the trapezoidal section was made with a length of not more than half the length of the cylindrical part of the shell and a diameter equal to the actual caliber of the bullet, the angle of inclination of the front side of the trapezoid is 45 or 60 degrees, the rear side of the trapezoid is perpendicular or tilted at an angle of 45 or 60 degrees, a glass inserted into the sleeve until the core cone stops in the shell so that the bottom of the cup is flush with the bottom of the sleeve, with the possibility of displacement inside the sleeve through the hole in its bottom until it stops with the flange a cannon in the collar rim and fixing in this position provided by an interference fit between the inner diameter of the bushing and the diameter of the cup flange, characterized in that the engine comprises a H-shaped longitudinal section bushing made of impact-resistant ceramic with low thermal conductivity, for example, alumina ceramic, and mixed inside the bushing or ballistic solid rocket fuel, to which are added a combustion rate regulator and a combustion stabilizer, ignited by the hot gases of the propellant charge of the liner, in the partition of cerams at least five cylindrical holes with a diameter of 0.16 ... 0.2 of the inner diameter of the sleeve, one in the center and four on the main axes, which are separated from the fuel and having a thickness of 2.0 ... 3.0 of the wall thickness of the sleeve, adjacent to the inner surface of the sleeve, at least two flat surfaces are made inside the bow of the ceramic sleeve and on the outer surface of the bullet sleeve, with a width of not more than the radius of the outer surface of the bullet sleeve, the motor glued inside the sleeve with adhesive with high adhesion and durability after Verdia, applied to the outer surface of the rear of the ceramic sleeve for a length equal to the length from the barrel to the neck of the sleeve, further accelerates the bullet after firing to the estimated speed by the time the propellant is completely burned out, with the possibility of separation from the bullet as a result of sublimation of the adhesive under the influence of high temperature and pressure gases, a bullet inserted by the tail of the sleeve protruding from the shell into the bow of the ceramic sleeve and glued with adhesive applied to the end and inner surfaces of the ceramic Coy sleeve, increases the speed and length after separation of a ceramic sleeve with optimum values of the ballistic coefficient and gyroscopic stability factor.

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