RU2150074C1 - Cartridge with reaction bullet (modifications) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms ammunition. SUBSTANCE: the cartridge with a reaction bullet has a primer cap, propellant charge, reaction bullet. In the first modification the main portion of the propellant charge is positioned in the bullet cavity, whose length is selected so as to place the necessary amount of the propellant charge in this cavity. In the second modification the propellant charge is positioned in the bullet nose cavity. The cartridge case length is shorter and the bullet length is longer than the standard one by the same value without any change of the cartridge overall length. The greatest portion of the propellant charge is positioned in the bullet cavity. The reaction and propellant charges are separated by a bush with a central hole accommodating the retarder. The bush hole serves also as the bullet nozzle. Auxiliary nozzles are made in the bush wall at an angle to its longitudinal axis for bullet spinning. Besides, the inner surface of the bullet cavity has an identical rifling. EFFECT: enhanced bullet energy without any increase of the cartridge mass and overall dimensions, reduced recoil at a shot. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition of small arms, namely to unitary cartridges.

 A unitary cartridge for firing small arms is known, comprising a sleeve, a capsule, a main charge and a bullet (SU 65316A, F 42 B 3/02, 10.31.45) (1). The body of the bullet is made with a cavity, inside of which the core and the head charge are placed to eject the core after the bullet leaves the barrel. A convenient tail of the bullet is formed, which contributes to the improvement of the aerodynamic properties of the bullet and the increase in the range of its flight.

 However, the presence of a core increases the mass of the bullet and requires an increase in the amount of the main propellant charge located in the cartridge case.

 A known cartridge, in the sleeve of which is placed a jet engine bullet (SU 40432676 A, F 42 B 5/02, 08/23/77) (2). The sleeve has a cylindrical shape. Inside the sleeve from the closed end, where the capsule is located, there is a burning charge. From the side of the open end there is a bullet in contact with the sleeve at a certain distance from the combustible charge. Inside the sleeve between the charge and the bullet, in contact with them, there is a wad made of an elastic material, for example, synthetic resin. The wad is a rocket propeller and consists of a central disk part and two spring sections located on both sides of the disk. After ignition of the propellant charge, the spring sections of the rocket engine are compressed under the influence of powder gases, accumulate energy, and after the bullet leaves the barrel, elastically deformed, give the bullet an additional impulse, and it receives additional acceleration.

 With all the advantages of this cartridge, a significant drawback is its design complexity, low manufacturing technology, increased compared to the standard sleeve length and, accordingly, the mass of the cartridge.

 From the application DE 3205431 A1, F 42 B 5/10, 08.25.83 (3), a reactive bullet is known in which there is a fuel charge, a nozzle and an accelerator charge. The housing has guides for gas, which gives the pool rotation. However, due to the difficulties of its manufacture, especially the nozzle, this bullet was not widely used.

 Patent RU 2107886 C1, F 42 B 5/10, 03/23/98 (4) describes a cartridge with an active-reactive bullet containing a cartridge with a propelling charge, a capsule and an active-reactive bullet. The bullet consists of a head part having a shell with a shutter, a lead shirt and a core, and a jet engine. The engine has a housing with nozzles, a powder cylinder and a plug. The nozzles are located radially in the front of the housing, and a turbine is installed on the outer surface of the rear of the engine housing.

 After the active-jet bullet takes off from the bore, where it acquires rotation and initial speed, the jet engine continues to work, creating an increase in flight speed until the powder charge is completely burned out. The rotation of the bullet on the flight path is supported by the high-speed pressure of the oncoming air acting on the inclined blades of the turbine.

 However, the use of a jet engine with a turbine significantly increases the dimensions and weight of the cartridge, requires a large consumption of propellant charge. In addition, these cartridges are quite difficult to manufacture, which leads to their appreciation. An increase in the mass of the propellant charge leads to an increased recoil of the weapon when firing such cartridges.

 Closest to the invention, adopted as a prototype, is known from patent RU 2099667 C1, F 42 B 5/02, 20.12.97 (5) cartridge with a reactive bullet containing a sleeve with a capsule, the main propellant charge, a reactive bullet in the cavity which placed an additional propellant charge, a moderator that separates the main and additional charges, a nozzle for creating reactive thrust.

 During the shot, the bullet is accelerated by the pressure of the burning main propellant charge in the barrel, while the ignition device is located in the center of the moderator, which is not destroyed by the pressure of the combustion products of the main propellant charge. The igniter, after a bullet exits the barrel, ignites an additional propellant charge, and the bullet gains acceleration.

 The well-known cartridge with a reactive bullet is quite complex structurally, requires the installation of an additional igniting device and additional elements to obtain a nozzle. All this increases the dimensions of the cartridge, its mass. An increase in the main propelling charge is required so that, ceteris paribus, not to reduce the combat characteristics of the cartridge. In addition, increasing the dimensions of the cartridge and the power of the powder charge, respectively, entails the need to increase the chamber, its mass, its thickness, and the mass of the bolt, which leads to an increase in the mass of all weapons.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the lethal force of a reactive bullet without increasing the mass of the main propellant charge of the cartridge and without increasing the dimensions of the cartridge.

 In the invention, this problem is solved in two ways.

 According to the first option, this problem is solved due to the fact that the cartridge with a reactive bullet containing a sleeve with a capsule, a propellant charge, a reactive bullet with a cavity, the main part of the propellant charge is located in the bullet cavity, the length of which is selected from the condition that the required amount of propellant charge.

 In another embodiment, this problem is solved due to the fact that the cartridge with a reactive bullet containing a sleeve with a capsule, a propellant charge, a reactive bullet in the cavity of which a reactive charge is placed, a moderator separating propellant and reactive charges, the nozzle for creating reactive thrust, is equipped with a sleeve installed in the cavity of the bullet, the moderator is placed in the Central hole of the sleeve, which is simultaneously a nozzle for creating reactive thrust, the reactive charge is placed in the head of the cavity of the bullet, and below the sleeve in the cavity of the bullet - most of the propellant charge, while the sleeve is made with a length shorter, and the bullet, respectively, with a length greater than the standard by the same amount without changing the total length of the cartridge.

 In addition, in the wall of the sleeve at an angle to its longitudinal axis, additional nozzles are made to create rotation of the bullet.

 On the inner surface of the bullet and, accordingly, on the outer surface of the sleeve, threaded cutting is performed.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a cartridge with a sleeve and a bullet of standard length, a longitudinal section, in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through a cartridge with a reactive bullet according to the first embodiment; FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section with a reactive bullet according to the second embodiment.

 A conventional cartridge (Fig. 1) has a standard length sleeve 1 with a capsule 2, a bullet 3, a propellant charge 4.

 After the explosion of the capsule 2, the propellant charge 4 is ignited, and as the pressure of the powder gases exceeds the resistance to seal the bullet 3 in the sleeve 1, the bullet will accelerate and begin to move along the barrel. When bullet 3 exits the barrel, the unburned part of the propellant charge after the bullet will be uselessly ejected from the barrel, forming a tongue of flame. Part of the potential energy of the propellant is irretrievably lost.

 According to the first embodiment (Fig. 2), a cartridge with a reactive bullet comprises a sleeve 1 in which the capsule 2 is installed, a bullet 3 in which a cavity is made, where the main part of the propellant charge 4 is located.

 The peculiarity of the cartridge is that the sleeve 1 is made with a length shorter, and the bullet 3, respectively, with a length greater than the standard by the same amount. In this case, the total length of the cartridge remains unchanged. Since the bullet 3 is made with an increase compared with the standard length, its cavity has such a volume that the main part of the propellant charge 4 is placed in it.

 During the explosion of the capsule, the propellant charge 4 ignites. As the pressure of the powder gases on the bullet exceeds the seal resistance of the bullet 3 in the sleeve 1, the bullet 3 will accelerate and begin to move along the barrel. When the bullet 3 exits the barrel channel, the unburned part of the propellant charge 4 will be pressed by the powder gases to the surface A of the cavity inside the bullet 3, and after the bullet leaves the barrel channel, it continues to burn, giving the bullet reactive thrust. The surface A of the cavity of the bullet can be made of any shape (flat, spherical, conical, etc.).

 The cartridge with a reactive bullet according to the second embodiment (Fig. 3) contains a shortened sleeve 1 with a capsule 2, a reactive bullet 3, a propellant charge 4. In the cavity of the bullet 3 there is a sleeve 5, in the hole of which a retarder 6 is located, and which serves as a nozzle. The main propelling charge 4 is placed between the sleeve 5 and the bottom of the sleeve 1, with most of this charge being in the cavity of the bullet 3. The reactive charge 7 is placed in the head of the cavity of the bullet 3. For convenience of mounting the sleeve 5 in the cavity of the bullet 3, a step H can be provided Bullet 3 has an increased length.

 On the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve 5 can be cut or rolled thread of the required step, and the corresponding thread is applied on the inner surface of the cavity of the bullet 3.

 The sleeve 5 by means of a tight nozzle, or by threading the necessary profile is firmly enough placed in the cavity of the bullet 3. In the sleeve 5 at an angle to its longitudinal axis, not in the plane passing through this axis, grooves (holes) can be made that act as additional reactive nozzles that give the pool extra rotation.

 The sleeve 5 may have a conical point K on the side with which it is inserted into the cavity of the bullet 3. The total length of the cartridge does not exceed the standard.

 When the propellant charge 4 is ignited, its unburned part will be pressed by the powder gases to the surface of the sleeve 5, remaining inside the cavity of the bullet 3 during the passage of the bullet 3 of the barrel channel. When bullets 3 fly out of the barrel, the propellant charge 4, while continuing to burn, creates additional reactive thrust for bullet 3. After combustion of the propellant charge, the moderator 6 from the substance having a slower burning rate than the propellant charge of the cartridge is ignited. After combustion of the moderator 6, the reactive charge 7 is ignited, giving additional acceleration to the bullet 3. Gas flows through the holes of the sleeve 5, which are nozzles.

 The location of the moderator 6 in the hole of the sleeve 5 eliminates the ignition of the charge 7 in an arbitrary place.

 When igniting a reactive charge 7, the sleeve 5 can be fired from a bullet 3, giving it additional acceleration. In this case, the sleeve 4, moving along the threaded thread, gives the pool 3 additional rotation.

 Since the sleeve 5 has additional grooves at an angle to its longitudinal axis, the gases flowing through them give the pool 3 additional rotation. These holes are also filled with a moderator. Jet thrust continues to operate until the jet burns out completely. When a bullet meets an obstacle (target), the sleeve 5, continuing to move by inertia, runs its conical point K onto the edge H of the bullet 3, while the shell of the bullet is destroyed, which opens up with petals and increases the contact spot with the obstacle.

 The range of the bullet and its lethal force is achieved without increasing the dimensions and mass of the weapon. The lethal force of a bullet increases due to an increase in the mass of the bullet (its length is longer than the standard). The mass of the sleeve is reduced, and the mass of the cartridge as a whole and, accordingly, the consumption of materials remains unchanged.

 When fired, the bullet moves along the barrel due to the energy of the propelling charge. Since the mass of the main charge in the cartridge case is less than the mass of a conventional cartridge, accordingly, the recoil of a weapon when firing cartridges with a reactive bullet is less.

 The use of a cartridge with a reactive bullet having a shortened sleeve can significantly simplify the manufacturing technology of the cartridge, reduce the amount of combustion products of gunpowder deposited on the surface of the barrel. In addition, the brightness of the flash decreases when the bullet exits the barrel, which is important for the shooter at night (the shot does not blind the shooter), and lengthening the bullet improves ballistic performance.

 The proposed cartridge can be used for any type of ammunition.

Claims (4)

 1. The cartridge with a reactive bullet containing a sleeve with a capsule, a propellant charge, a reactive bullet with a cavity, characterized in that the main part of the propellant charge is placed in the cavity of the bullet, the length of which is selected from the condition that the required amount of propellant charge is placed in the cavity, the sleeve is made with a length less, and the bullet, respectively, with a length greater than the standard by the same amount without changing the total length of the cartridge.  2. A cartridge with a reactive bullet containing a sleeve with a capsule, a propellant charge, a reactive bullet in the cavity of which a reactive charge is placed, a moderator separating propellant and reactive charges, a nozzle for generating reactive thrust, characterized in that it is provided with a sleeve mounted in the cavity the bullet, the moderator is located in the Central hole of the sleeve, which is a nozzle for creating reactive thrust, the reactive charge is placed in the head of the cavity of the bullet, and below the sleeve in the cavity of the bullet is the majority of the propellant charge, while It is formed with a length less and bullet respectively, with a length greater than the standard by the same amount without changing the overall length of the cartridge.  3. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that in the wall of the sleeve at an angle to its longitudinal axis, additional nozzles are made to create rotation of the bullet.  4. The cartridge according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a threaded thread is made on the inner surface of the bullet cavity and, accordingly, on the outer surface of the sleeve.

Images