RU2535427C1 - Aero-high-altitude wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: aerostatic part of the device consists of at least one bearing shell with the form of hollow convexo-convex lens, the strand cage of which from below is rigidly connected to an external bearing frame of Darrieus turbine, its wing-shaped blades and respectively columns of the frame are elliptically curved along the horizontal axis of symmetry of the aerodynamic unit, the turbine shaft rotates supported on two bearing units in tops of a small axis of the named frame, to its bottom top an electric generator is suspended. Additionally it is provisioned, that any deviations from a vertical position of rotation axis of the turbine is eliminated by ropes connecting the lower part of its external bearing frame with the ground winches, regulating the length of these cables by software; vibrations of cables directly connecting the device with the ground, are dampened by inserts from elastic rubber bands; the same cables are connected to the cage of the top wider shell, if the comprises two and more aerostatic elements.

EFFECT: invention allows reliably and steadily generate the superlarge electric power from winds in high-altitude high-speed atmosphere layers, first of all at continental territories.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention is used to generate wind energy in electricity of extra-large (from 1500 kW) power, achieved in high-altitude high-speed layers of the atmosphere, especially in mainland territories.

This wind generator refers to power plants operating from the wind with a vertical axis of rotation of the orthogonal turbine (wind rotors).

Wind turbines are known from the development of technology for which, in order to achieve greater power output, turbine-generating units are used in higher and high-speed atmospheric layers. Altitude is achieved using three types of lifts. The simplest design is kite flying devices with sailing elements (patents SU No. 69787, 70891). However, these wind farms are not able to lift heavy generators and long-bladed turbines into the air and hold them at high altitude, thereby not capable of generating industrial power. The devices have not resolved issues of safe start-up; the means of orienting turbines to the wind are unreliable. Due to the instability of real air flows, all elements of these stations are subjected to destructive shocks, swings and vibrations. Operation is unsafe because with a sudden calm, the installation will collapse downward, causing significant damage to itself and around it.

Other also sailing means of lifting to a height of exclusively horizontal-axis wind turbines are systems using a dome made of elastic material or a parachute (patents SU No. 1000583, RU No. 2338089). Almost all the disadvantages of the previously mentioned kite-flying devices are characteristic of these high-altitude wind farms. They are exacerbated by the dangers associated with the probabilities of the collapse of the parachute, its rotation with the overlap of the lines.

Safer high-altitude devices include wind power plants using neutral and positive buoyancy balloons. They have options for placing horizontal-axis turbines and generators at high altitude suspended only from below (website: http://fimip.ru/proiect/199), from below or around the balloon (patent SU No. 8970). At the same time, the first of the devices is completely devoid of the orientation of the turbines towards the wind, is statically turned towards the prevailing wind direction with its lateral surface, which has maximum drag. If the wind speed exceeds a certain critical value, the balloon will be nailed to the ground, the frame with the generators and turbines inserted into it will be destroyed. Orientation to the wind of the second device is not sufficient for the stable operation of the turbines and is provided only by a teardrop-shaped balloon. It is known that the frontal resistance of propeller-blade turbines at high wind speeds increases sharply, which will lead to the same negative consequences already mentioned. Turbines installed in a ring farm operate in different speeds of air flow, especially those located below and above the shell, the balloon will swing, the turbines will lose their position, optimal only when the axes of their rotation completely coincide with the direction of the wind.

When choosing the type of turbine in the interior of the mainland for any wind generator, the decisive factor is its ability to not require orientation to the wind. Only wind turbine turbines have this quality. To obtain industrial power from wind, wind rotor turbines must have mutually exclusive qualities, between which an optimal balance should be achieved, namely sweep as large a surface as possible and be as light as possible.

Large-sized large-capacity devices include an umbrella-frame windrotor (patent RU No. 2476717) with orthogonal blades, in which the rotation to the central-axis generator is transmitted through long traverses that make the turbine heavier. In a close technical solution orbital wind turbine (US patent No. 201110018280) there are no traverses, but the turbine is loaded with the weight of the support rollers and, especially substantially, with a generator fixed on it, the mass of which for industrial plants will exceed, possibly by 2-3 times or more, the weight actually turbines. The supporting rollers of the frame in the windrotor have one degree of freedom vertically, and the supporting rollers of the turbine in the orbital structure do not have this feature either. With the large dimensions of both devices, which are necessary to achieve significant dimensions of the swept area, there are inevitable and increasing deviations of the shapes of the turbine rims from the ideal circumference and plane, which create in the large-sized version of the orthogonal turbines the insurmountable problems in the operation of the support-guide assemblies.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that the turbine-generator unit of the device is lifted into the high-speed atmosphere by means of a balloon balloon connected to it through the cage from the wrapping rods and belts in the form of a horizontally biconvex lens streamlined from all sides, completely filling the cage and partially protruding limits; For the conversion of wind energy, a vertical-axis Darrier turbine with elliptically curved wing-shaped blades, rotating inside the support frame from columns, in turn curved along elliptical curves, in bearings at the vertices of the minor axis of the said frame, and an electric generator attached to the said frame from below were used. The vertical position of the axis of rotation of the turbine can be adjusted by cables from sections adjacent to the lower top of the elliptically curved columns of the support frame through ground winches controlled by a computer program. If necessary, the vibrations of the cables of direct connection of the device to the ground are damped by inserts of elastic rubber bands. The same cables in the case of a wind turbine being equipped with two or more balloon shells are attached for stability of the entire structure at the height of the upper shell.

The aim of the invention is a reliable and sustainable generation of extra-large power electricity from the wind in high-altitude high-speed layers of the atmosphere, especially in mainland territories.

This goal is achieved by the fact that from the constructive variety of balloons the shell of the best wind flow around any direction in the form of a horizontal biconvex lens is selected. In this case, the aerostatic lifting force is also complemented by the aerodynamic component. For the stability of the device, its center of gravity is shifted down due to the suspension of the supporting turbine-generator block of the frame through rigid connections to the rods of the cage, which surround the balloon shell. The mentioned power unit refers to wind rotors that do not require orientation to the wind, and includes a Daria turbine, the power of which is reinforced by the more developed length of the pterygoid blades, elliptically curved for this. The supporting frame of the vertical rotation turbine is located with respect to it from the outside, its columns are therefore curved along elliptical curves to enhance rigidity, the large axis of which coincides with the horizontal axis of symmetry of the same turbine. Its shaft is securely fixed at two support points - bearings on the vertices of the minor axis of the elliptically curved columns of the frame. In adverse operating conditions, which usually take place in the continental territories and are expressed in the variable direction of the wind and its unstable head, for the reliability and stability of the wind generator at high altitude, an additional node for correcting the vertical-axial position of the turbine with the help of variable-length cables that can be changed through ground winches controlled by a computer program; damping inserts from elastic rubber bands into the cables of direct binding of the device to the ground, the choice of the points of attachment of these cables to the rods of the crate when using several balloon shells.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a high-altitude wind generator (hereinafter AVVG) in complete with two balloon shells; figure 2 is a view of the device from below.

The wind generator consists of several blocks, so the aerostat part of the device includes shells 1 and 2, enclosed in a crate of hard rods 3 and belts 4. The external support frame 5, the Darier turbine with wing-shaped blades 6, installed with using the traverse 7 on the shaft 8, rotating in the bearings 9. The generator 10 is suspended from the bottom of the block frame, the rotor of which and the turbine shaft communicate through the coupling 11. The mounting part of the device on the ground contains cables 12 of variable length, variable ground winches Ami 13, and direct binding of the wind generator to the ground with cables 14 with inserts of elastic rubber bands 15.

The AVVG device operates as follows. After assembly at the installation site, shells 1 and 2 are filled with gas lighter than air in an amount that ensures their positive buoyancy and sufficient aerostatic lift. Then, the cables 12 are pitted from the drums of the ground winches 13 until the cables 14 freely lying on the ground occupy their working position and are stretched like strings. Having risen to a predetermined point in the atmosphere, where there are high-speed winds, the turbine 6 rotates at a high frequency and, depending on the area swept by it, the generator 10 begins to generate large or extra-large electric power. The current from the wind generator is transmitted to consumers through cables that are suspended from one or two cables 14. To lower the installation to the ground during maintenance and repair of equipment, to refuel shells 1, 2 with gas (every few months or years, depending on the properties of their material, the gas tightness of the connecting seams, valve tightness) the same cables 12 are used, wound on drums of synchronously working ground winches 13.

In addition to the altitude location of the turbine from 300 and more meters above the ground, the high energy performance of the AWG is also provided by the developed length of its pterygoid blades 6, curved for this to the side from the axis of vertical rotation with elliptical curvature. An additional positive effect will be obtained if the traverses 7 are made concave and have aerodynamic sections (patent RU No. 2485345).

Great reliability AVVG give a strong and rigid structural and power scheme of the external support frame 5, in which its columns are elliptically curved outward from the turbine 6 to obtain a positive result, which is achieved, for example, in tunnel construction from the use of bearing long beams of a similar configuration. The operation of the turbine shaft 8 with double support on the bearing units 9 along the vertices of the minor axis of the frame 5 is subordinated to the same task.

The stable position of the AVVG in space and the stable operation of the device are solved by low drag and additional lifting force from the selected aerodynamic shape in the form of biconvex lenses that have shells 1, 2 filled with light gas, preferably helium.

The endowment of the invention with a number of dependent features serves the same purpose of stability. In a particularly disturbed air environment, when the wind rotor is very likely to deviate from the vertical position, these deviations are compensated by variable-length cables 12, some of which are properly wound, and the other part is ejected from the drums of the ground winch 13, controlled by a computer program. Under sharp gusts of wind, if any, the direct-link cables 14 will swing, causing the whole structure to vibrate. This phenomenon is eliminated by stretching the aforementioned cables to the state of the strings and the presence of inserts from elastic rubber bands 15 in them, which, as a standard, can stretch two to four times and whose elastic force returns the cables 14 to their original length. When AVVG include more than one balloon shell (it is advisable for reasons of reliability, safety, to reduce horizontal dimensions), the wind generator, taking into account that the cables 14 direct binding to the ground identically diverge to the sides of the symmetry axis of the device beyond its lower projection, will be more stable when attaching these flexible connections to the rods 3 at the height of the upper shell 1.

Claims (4)

1. Aerial high-altitude wind generator, consisting of a turbine-generator unit, raised above the ground by a positive buoyancy balloon, enclosed in a cage of rods and belts, tied to a place with ropes directly and through ground winches, characterized in that the shell is at least one hollow and a horizontally located biconvex lens; the rods of the cage wrapping around it are rigidly connected from below to the outer supporting frame of the Daria turbine of vertical rotation, the wing-shaped blades of which are elliptically curved; the columns of the said frame, in turn, are curved along elliptic curves so that their major axis coincides with the horizontal axis of symmetry of the turbine, whose shaft rotates in bearings located on the vertices of the minor axis of the frame's elliptically curved columns, and an electric generator is suspended from the lower vertex of the same frame. 2. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables connecting the device to the ground through the winches extend downward from the sections of the elliptically curved columns of the outer supporting frame of the Darier turbine, adjoin its lower apex and stabilize by controlling the length of the cables through a computer program vertical-axial position of the turbine-generating unit. 3. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cables directly tying the device to the ground have inserts of elastic rubber bands. 4. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that when using two or more balloon shells, cables that directly tie the device to the ground are attached to the rods of the frame at the height of the upper shell, which in a horizontal plane has a larger dimension than all the lower shells.

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