RU2602650C1 - Aerostatic balloon natatorial wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind power engineering. Aerostatic balloon natatorial wind turbine comprises positive buoyancy aerostatic balloon module from interconnected ends windward gas-filled cylindrical balloons, nacelle with planetary multiplier and generator, axis of rotation coinciding with air flow direction, and wind-driven rotor, rope and rope-cable connection with ground mooring unit on it, on which rotary platform two winches and rope-cable bundle are attached. In horizontal projection aerostatic module has deltoid outline oriented windward by longitudinal axis of symmetry. Assembled gas filled cylinders are laid and fixed across arc of arched bridge truss, passing through windmill aerostatic part center of mass. In truss area there is at least one nacelle, and on its axis of rotation at said support structure windward side is rotor of said type. End cylinders have arched shape with vertical walls, rigid bottom, equipped with keel, which height increases in downwind side; on truss top vertical bracket is installed, horizontal plane stabilizer on its end rises above aerostatic module stern.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at stable producing of high wind-driven power in high-speed atmospheric layers.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

It is used to generate wind energy in electricity of medium and high power, achieved in high-altitude high-speed layers of the atmosphere.

The present energy device relates to wind turbines, the radial-blade rotor of which has an axis of rotation that coincides with the direction of the wind.

In the wind energy industry, there is a problem of the high share cost of raising power units to the level of high-speed winds using ground structures: heavy masts, towers and columns on massive concrete foundations. During the construction of the Enercon E-126 series wind generator with a capacity of 7.58 MW, generated at a height of 198 meters, it was necessary to create a supporting tower weighing 2.8 thousand tons on a foundation of almost the same mass. Moreover, the power unit itself is almost three orders of magnitude lighter, namely 712 tons (http://5thelement.ru). As a result, the development of technical solutions based on the use of other means of placing power blocks to the maximum available height, including using balloon modules from shells filled with gas lighter than air, especially safe helium, is relevant.

Recent advances in aeronautics technologies and materials have made it possible to refuel gas-filled shells with helium no more than once every several years, which increases the practical prospects of using aerostats for wind energy purposes.

Studies using a radial-blade rotor of horizontal axial rotation inside a balloon in the form of a gas-filled hollow ring (www.altaerosenergies.com) revealed that, starting from a height of 250-300 meters, the wind reaches speed values of 20-25 m / s, then a sharp and a linearly stable increase in wind speed as the power block continues to rise. The maximum achieved aerostatic lift of the Canadian Altaeros turbine was 600 meters.

The second version of the above-ground wind generator system is known (RU 2457358 C1, July 27, 2012), containing two extended gas-filled shell cylinders located at the same level. The axes of the cylinders are parallel and coincide with the direction of the air flow, and in the channel between them horizontal axial rotors with Savonius blades are installed across the wind. Like other rotors whose rotation axis is perpendicular to the wind direction (for example, patents RU 2537664 C1, 02/04/2014; RU 2572469 C1, 12/23/2014), the device has a low 0.25-0.30 efficiency for converting the kinetic energy of atmospheric flows into mechanical energy. The disadvantages of these systems include working with alternating loads on the rotor blades, as a result of which there is a strong vibration of the aerodynamic elements, which is transmitted to the axis of rotation and bearing bearings. The rotors in such devices, operating at a speed of 120-300 rpm, are high-speed, which requires careful dynamic balancing.

Among the installations with windward radial-vane rotors, whose rotation axes coincide with the direction of the wind, there are known devices on the supporting masts of which nacelles are installed (patents US 2010/0135794 A1, 06/03/2010; RU 2458246 C1, 03/31/2011) containing the aforementioned rotation axis, axle bearing bearings, electric generator. The slow-moving nature of the rotation of such rotors (20-45 rpm) requires the use of boosting gears with a gear ratio of 20-52 as part of the nacelles, which is achieved by the use of planetary multipliers (www.termored.ru/vestas_v90.htm). The efficiency of such wind systems can be at least 1.5 times higher than the efficiency of conversion of wind energy, which is realized by rotors on rotation axes perpendicular to the direction of air flow.

The longitudinal and transverse stability of the air-altitude wind generator (patent RU 2535427 C1, 12.24.2013) is provided by programmed control of the length of the cables connecting the aeronautical part of the device with ground winches. The structure of a high-altitude sailing wind turbine (patent RU 2467201 C2, 20.102010) includes a mooring unit with a rotating platform, which allows the cable controls located on it to unfold synchronously with the aeronautical part of the installation when the wind direction changes, thereby avoiding twisting and overlapping of cable ties.

The essence of the technical solution consists in applying a mechanism with an increased efficiency of converting kinetic wind energy into mechanical energy, which is a radial-blade rotor on the axis of rotation, which coincides with the direction of the air flow. At the same time, there is a need for compatibility of at least one power unit in the form of a nacelle, inside which a planetary multiplier and a generator are placed, and on its axis, the aforementioned rotor rotates with the aerostat module on the outside of the windward end and the possibility of optimizing the design of the last component of the installation in the direction of improving it aerodynamic quality, for which gas-filled cylinders of the module are stacked and fixed transversely on the arc of the arched bridge truss, so that the horizontal projection of the module in The ore has a delta-visible contour oriented to the wind. The profile of the end cylinders was changed to arched and supplemented with a keel, an element was introduced to maintain the longitudinal stability of the aeronautical part of the device due to the presence of a horizontal-plane stabilizer above the stern of the aerostat module.

The aim of the invention is the sustainable obtaining of greater wind power in high-speed atmosphere, to the height of which the power unit of the device is delivered using a balloon module.

This goal is achieved by using a radial-blade rotor, which is mounted on the axis of rotation, coinciding with the direction of the wind and protruding towards the air flow from at least one nacelle, which includes, in addition to the said axis of rotation, a planetary multiplier and a generator. Such a rotor, along with the indicated elements of the nacelle, form a power unit, one or more of which is raised to a height of wind speeds from 20-25 m / s using an aerostat module containing gas-filled cylindrical cylinders interconnected so that the module has a horizontal delta -show contour oriented by the longitudinal axis of symmetry to the wind. The same module is stacked and fixed transversely on the arc of the arched bridge truss, in the area of which there is at least one gondola, and on the windward side - the rotor. The end cylinders of the module have an arched profile with vertical walls, rigid bottoms, each equipped with a keel, the height of which increases in the leeward direction. A vertical bracket is installed at the top of the farm; a horizontal-plane stabilizer at its end rises above the stern of the aerostat module.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a balloon-swimming wind turbine; in FIG. 2 - view of the wind turbine from above; in FIG. 3 - aeronautical part of the same device, view from the side of the wind;

The wind turbine consists of an aeronautical part and a mooring unit connected by ropes 1 and a cable-cable 2. In turn, the aeronautical part includes an aerostat module of gas-filled cylindrical cylinders 3 and end cylinders of arched profile 4, each with keel 5. The cylinders are laid across and fixed on the arc of an arched bridge farm 6, in the area of which at least one gondola 7 with a planetary multiplier and a generator integrated in it is placed, on its axis of rotation, which coincides with the direction of the wind, On the far side of the farm, a radial-blade rotor is mounted 8. A vertical bracket 9, ending in a horizontal-plane stabilizer 10, rises above the stern of the aerostat module with support on the farm. The mooring unit of the device is a concrete ground curbstone 11 with a freely rotating axis 12 and platform 13, on which leeward installed two coaxial winches 14, a cable bay 15 diametrically located to them.

Balloon-wind turbine works as follows. After installation and fastening in the open area of the mooring unit, assembly of the aeronautical part of the device, the cylinders are filled with helium until positive buoyancy is achieved and are balanced together in the horizontal plane, the aforementioned node and part of the device are connected by cables and cable, which are then slowly etched from winches and cable bay to until under the influence of aerostatic lifting force the module with the power unit reaches the lifting height, where the average annual wind speeds are not less than 20-25 m / s. At the same time, the aeronautical part of the wind turbine rotates in an air flow along a circular path around the mooring unit and is fixed so that its longitudinal axis of symmetry coincides with the direction of the wind. Starting from a height where the wind speed is sufficient for this, a small and increasing aerodynamic lifting force arises as it rises. The high-speed wind pressure rotates the rotor, mechanical energy enters the planetary multiplier and then into the generator, where it is converted into electrical energy sent through a cable through the controller, the battery and inverter to consumers.

When the direction of the air flow changes, its pressure acts on the windward side surfaces of the aerostat module, which, together with the supporting and power devices suspended on it, moves to the same place where the wind began to blow. The impact of the wind pressure is amplified and the reorientation of the entire aeronautical structure to the wind is accelerated due to the presence of vertical walls and a keel at the end gas-filled elements. The stern of the aerostat module is to describe an arc of a greater length than the bow in space to turn the installation on a changing wind. This is facilitated by the increasing height of each keel towards the stern of the end cylinders, as well as the lateral surface of the vertical support arm of the horizontal plane stabilizer. The reorientation movement is transmitted to the mooring unit through a cable to the winches, from them it enters the freely rotating platform and cable bay. The circular movement of the aeronautical part of the device and the corresponding rotation of the platform of the mooring unit is completed at the moment when the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the aerostat module coincides with the direction of the wind and does not resume without new dynamic changes in the atmosphere. The synchronous nature of the movement of the considered elements of the wind turbine eliminates twisting and overlap of cables and cable cable.

To carry out repairs and maintenance of the installation, including refueling with helium, in case of storm warnings about the expected exceeding of the critical threshold by the wind speed of 45-50 m / s, the cable and cable are wound on winches and cable bay, respectively, the aeronautical part of the device decreases to the ground, where it becomes easily accessible, or temporarily placed at a safe height of permissible winds.

Obtaining more wind power with improved generation efficiency is not enough if the device does not work smoothly, with low quality of electricity produced. The necessary conditions for the good characteristics of a high-altitude wind turbine are the spatial stability of the balloon-swimming system, the invariably optimal position of the rotor axis of rotation in the at least one power unit used. Placing gas-filled cylinders in an arc pointing upward, the presence of aerodynamic surfaces in the module, especially at the end cylinders, creates additional lifting forces and contributes to the spatial stability of the aeronautical part of the installation as a whole and to a solid coincidence of the orientation of the rotor axis of rotation with the wind direction, in particular. The horizontal-plane stabilizer does not allow the stern of the aerostat module to rise up, which would have taken place without it as a result of the pressure of the wind on the radial-blade rotor. The transverse stability of the device is a delta-shaped contour of the module in horizontal projection, it is also insured from the ground due to the programmed control of the winches and regulation of the length of the cables with their help. The same cables extinguish the reactive moment that occurs due to the operation of the radial-blade rotor.

The use of a real balloon-swimming system is especially relevant in climatic zones, primarily continental, where the average annual wind speeds at the level of the surface layer of the atmosphere up to 100 meters high are weak and not sufficient to generate air flow energy with wind turbines reaching domestic and industrial significant capacities, and lifting power blocks to high-speed winds (from 300 meters and more) on tower supports is an exceptional matter in complexity and volume of construction costs, and even impossible on light pounds.

When used in vast areas of the world exposed to dust storms, a wind turbine is raised even above a surface level of 70-150 meters with a high concentration of airborne abrasive particles suspended in the air, with intensive wind wear, starting at 8-10 m / s. equipment.

Claims (1)

An aerostat-floating wind turbine containing a positive buoyancy aerostat module from gas-filled cylindrical cylinders interconnected by wind ends, a nacelle with a planetary multiplier and a generator, an axis of rotation coinciding with the direction of the air flow, and on it a wind rotor, cable and cable-to-cable communications with a ground mooring node, on a rotating platform which is fixed two winches and cable-cable bay, characterized in that the balloon module has a horizontal projection del a kind of contour oriented by the longitudinal axis of symmetry to the wind, gas-filled cylinders assembled and stacked transversely on an arc of an arched bridge truss passing through the center of mass of the aeronautical part of the wind turbine; at least one nacelle is located in the truss area, and on its axis of rotation from the windward side of this supporting structure there is a rotor of the mentioned type, end cylinders have an arched profile with vertical walls, a rigid bottom equipped with a keel, the height of which increases in the leeward side; a vertical bracket is installed on the top of the truss; a horizontal-plane stabilizer at its end rises above the stern of the aerostat module.

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