RU2534290C1 - Container method of grain harvesting from selection allotments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: container method of grain harvesting from selection allotments consists in that the plants from the allotment are cut and placed into the container, marked, transported to stationary place for temporary storage, drying, thrashing and cleaning. The cut off plants from each allotment in bulk or with the given level of compaction are placed into the individual air-penetrable container, closed and send to the stationary place, for temporary storage, drying up to conditioned humidity and supply to reception place of beating and separating device.

EFFECT: decrease of time for harvesting from selection allotments, decrease of varietal mixing.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting crops from the plots of primary seed production when performing work on breeding new varieties.

Known methods of harvesting crops at various stages of breeding seed production. At the first stage of breeding, spikelets from single-spike plots are cut manually, marked and transported to a hospital for examination (measurement), temporary storage, drying, threshing, cleaning and storing seeds in bags.

At the second stage of these works, plants are cut from the selected row of plots manually or with a trimmer TC-0.2 (RF Patent No. 2487521, 2011), tied into bundles of 50-150 plants and transported to a hospital for measurement, temporary storage, drying, threshing, cleaning, marking, packing and storing seeds.

At the third and fourth stages of breeding, the plants are cut, threshed and cleaned with selection or selection-seed-harvesting combines. After cleaning, the seeds are weighed and packaged in bags or collected in the bunker of the combine, then marked and sent to the hospital. If the humidity of the seeds is higher than the conditional, then in the hospital they are dried, re-cleaned, bagged, labeled and sent for storage or sale. In addition to direct combine harvesting, separate cleaning is used at the third and fourth stages of breeding with increased plant moisture and unstable weather. In this embodiment, the plants are cut with a reaper, laid on a plot, dried, picked from rolls, threshed with a combine and cleaned (V.I. Aniskin, Yu.F. Nekipelov. Mechanization of experimental work in breeding, variety testing and primary seed production of grain and leguminous crops. M. , 2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to avoid mutual mixing of seeds from different plots during their transportation to the hospital, storage and drying. Forced downtime for cleaning the combine from the seeds of the previous plot takes a lot of time. The high cost of the harvester. And low productivity due to downtime for cleaning when moving to another plot.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is a method of harvesting grain crops with an MPU-150 field machine. Plants are mowed, the mowed mass is loaded into a trailed container and delivered to a hospital. Trailed containers of large size.

Dried, if necessary, threshed and produce clean grain.

This method is used for harvesting grain from large areas, mainly with conditional grain moisture. The application of the method is associated with significant costs for transportation, temporary storage, drying, threshing and cleaning of the crop brought from the field. When harvesting this machine from experimental plots of primary seed production, it is impossible to avoid mixing the seeds of different plots.

An object of the invention is to reduce the time for cleaning breeding plots, reduce the dependence on weather conditions (weather conditions), accelerate the release of fields for subsequent operations, reduce the cost of funds and time to eliminate varietal mixing by placing cut plants from each plot in a separate breathable closable container.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the container method of harvesting crops from breeding plots, namely, plants from the plot are cut and placed in a container, labeled, transported to a hospital for temporary storage, drying, threshing and cleaning, according to the invention, cut plants from each plot in bulk or with a given degree of compaction is placed in an individual breathable container (container), closed and sent to a hospital in it, temporarily stored, dried to condition lazhnosti and delivered to the receiving compartment threshing and separating device.

The containerized method of harvesting crops from breeding plots is that the plants cut from each plot are placed in an individual, breathable container of sufficient capacity to accommodate plants in bulk or with a given degree of prepressing and having sufficient strength for group transportation to a hospital.

The containers remain closed during transportation to the hospital, temporary storage, drying and delivery to the receiving compartment of the threshing and separation device, in which the container is opened and unloaded. In a threshing and separating device, the contents of each container are separately threshed, seeds are isolated. To avoid mixing varieties, the threshing and separating device is thoroughly cleaned before loading material from the next container.

The application of the claimed method reduces the time for cleaning all the plots of the experimental field up to 10 times. The method allows to reduce the dependence of harvesting on weather conditions, allows you to remove breeding plots in the shortest possible time under favorable weather conditions and conditioned humidity and use drying only in exceptional conditions, thereby reducing energy consumption.

Claims (1)

The containerized method of harvesting crops from breeding plots, namely, that plants are cut from a plot and placed in a container, labeled, transported to a hospital for temporary storage, drying, threshing and cleaning, characterized in that the cut plants from each plot in bulk or with with a given degree of compaction, they are placed in an individual air-permeable container, closed and sent to a hospital in it, temporarily stored, dried to a standard humidity and delivered to the receiving compartment of the threshing-separator device.