RU2533995C1 - Method of disposal of ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of blasting operations carried out in disposal of weapons, military equipment, conventional types of ammunition, including artillery shells, mines and torpedo ammunition and military elements. The method of disposal of ammunition comprises laying the same type of ammunition on an even surface of soil, sand, gravel, etc. of the site for disposal in rows or radiating, one beside the other with the head/bottom parts in one direction. On each row/ray of disposed ammunition a linear shaped charge with facing of charge hollow or without it is applied in the zone of placement of the explosive directly, without the focal distance, at all ammunition bodies so that the axes of symmetry of the shaped charge and ammunition intersect mutually. The linear shaped charges are docked to organic blasting supplies - electric detonators, the explosive cartridge, under the scheme "in the end" directly or through additional detonators. Detonation of linear shaped charges is carried out simultaneously in all rows/rays. When firing the shaped charges in ammunition bodies the through gaps are cut, the explosive is ignited and burns completely without deflagration-to-detonation transition.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve significantly the performance of the process of disposal of ammunition by burning their explosive, to reduce the required amount of explosives, to simplify significantly electric firing circuit.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting for the disposal of military equipment, conventional types of ammunition, including artillery shells, mine-torpedo ammunition and warheads.

Currently, in warehouses and arsenals, in military units, an enormous amount of obsolete and beyond the shelf life of ammunition has accumulated, representing a great potential danger and at the same time containing disposal products.

Over the 20 years since the beginning of the work on the disposal of ammunition, a new sub-industry has practically been created, which transfers to practical rails the necessary stage of the ammunition life cycle - disposal. In fact, the problem of the disposal of trotyl-containing ammunition and ammunition equipped with separately-explosive explosives (EX) based on RDX (ammunition of classes 1 and 2) has been solved. However, ammunition equipped with hexogen-containing explosives (such as MS, FS, TGA, TGAF, etc.) by the method of batch pressing (ammunition of classes 3 and 4) still remains problematic. Of great difficulty are ammunition of complex designs, non-separable ammunition and ammunition containing surrogates (compositions such as ammotols, TD, etc.). The technology developed to date for the hydrocavitation demilitarization of munitions equipped with hexogen-containing explosives, and allowing to obtain disposal products, has not found wide application for many reasons. A serious issue of practical disposal is the issue of disposal in hard-to-reach places, where it is economically very expensive to deliver ammunition to the disposal centers. In this regard, almost a quarter of all disposed of ammunition is annually destroyed by blasting or burning (burning of explosives).

The advantages of the method of burning an explosive before destroying an explosion are as follows:

1. The ecological advantage is that although in the first phase of combustion of explosives (according to the Zeldovich-Belyaev model) toxic products — nitrogen oxides, cyanide compounds — can form more than when they are detonated, but in the second phase, under conditions of oxygen access, these products are oxidized, as a result of which, for example, the heat of combustion of TNT and RDX is several times higher than their heat of explosion.

2. When burning explosives in ammunition, secondary waste products remain, for example, scrap of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

3. When burning, there is no destruction caused by the explosive action of an explosion.

4. When disposing of ammunition by burning at the site, no funnels are formed, which eliminates the need for additional work on reclamation and site planning.

In the method of burning, an important role is played by the choice of the method of ignition of explosives. Known [1] and widely used for the disposal of mine-torpedo ammunition, the method of ignition of explosives using flammable liquid hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene) is not optimal for a number of reasons. The specified method is applicable only in cases where there is access to an open cut of an explosive of a sufficiently large surface (in ammunition of mine-torpedo armament, filling caps are removed). The method requires free access of oxygen to maintain the combustion of air, therefore, the combustion of explosives can be performed in chambers of only a small volume. It is practically not applicable for the disposal of artillery shells (due to the relatively small diameter of the fuse point), especially complex structural ammunition, such as, for example, permanently equipped ammunition of complex shape containing explosive devices, cluster munitions with non-detachable insert elements containing liquid filler, explosives and fuses, one-time bomb cartridges and container front blocks, etc.

To ignite the explosives in such ammunition, it is necessary to provide access to the charge, having previously destroyed the ammunition body.

Various methods are known [2] for destroying ammunition shells, including mechanical (mainly using a preliminary cut), explosive, hydro- and magnetic-pulse, cryogenic, shock-mechanical methods, as well as shooting methods from small arms or small-caliber cannons, and the method with using pyrotechnic means.

From the point of view of improving manufacturability and reducing the cost of the operation of the disposal of ammunition, it is advisable to destroy the shell of the ammunition and ignite its equipment in one step. In this regard, the most acceptable may be explosive methods of destruction of the shells of ammunition and methods using pyrotechnic means.

In [1], a method for igniting explosive ordnance using the following ignition circuits (heat sources) was recommended for implementation:

a) igniter (electric igniter type EV-15) - powder firecracker (sample of smoke powder) - an intermediate igniter from the explosive saber;

b) an electric coil (nichrome ⌀ 0.4 mm) - an intermediate igniter from the explosive checker.

As an intermediate igniter, drafts of A-IX-1, tetryl, and PVV-5A plastite are offered. A heat source with amplification of the heat pulse by an A-IX-2 checker (installed between the intermediate igniter and the ammunition) can be used to ignite the explosives (ammunition) through aluminum covers or a duralumin case for warheads that are not disassembled.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is not suitable for warheads in steel casings and with steel caps for fillers. Without opening the case and covers, the ignition of an explosive will inevitably lead to an explosion of ammunition. In addition, this method is not suitable for the disposal of artillery shells even when the explosive charge is ignited through a point under the fuse, since this requires a large mass of explosive heat source (about 3 kg for one 125-mm shell). Attempts to use this method for the group burning of explosives in several artillery ammunition from a given heat source also did not yield positive results.

There is a known [3] method for destroying an ammunition shell with the initiation of a low-order explosive transformation in an explosive charge, which can go into combustion using overhead charges in the form of plastic explosive tapes of various thickness and width that are installed at a fixed distance from the bottom of the projectile close to its shell along circles.

Firm MVV (Germany) patented a method of exciting a low-order explosive transformation in ammunition using a standard concentrated (axisymmetric) cumulative charge [4]. Between the cumulative charge and the ammunition an additional obstacle (nozzle) is installed, which cuts off the most high-speed elements of the cumulative jet, which can cause detonation of explosives.

The closest in purpose and technical essence to the declared and adopted as a prototype is a dynamic method of elimination - destruction with the initiation of burning or low-order explosion of explosive devices, including unexploded ordnance due to technical failures and improvised explosive devices used for criminal purposes [5]. The method consists in exposing an explosive device (including ammunition) to a cumulative jet of a cumulative charge installed on its body (SKZ-20 concentrated cumulative charge) with an air gap provided by a foam base when the charge is blown from a standard blasting device (KD detonator capsule No. 8A). At the same time, the SKZ-20 case is made of polymer material; Cumulative shaped recess can be lined with aluminum or copper foil.

In the prototype method, it is proposed to use disposed explosives and explosive devices for the SKZ-20 equipment and its use.

The disadvantage of all the above methods (analogues and prototype) is the low productivity of the disposal process, due to the fact that the device for the destruction (penetration, cutting) of the shell of the munition and simultaneous ignition of the explosive charge must be placed on each of the utilized munitions. This circumstance necessitates the use of more explosive devices, explosive materials and mounting at the disposal site of a highly branched electric explosion network.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a method for reliable, fast, low-cost disposal of ammunition, minimizing the time spent and the number of operations performed by personnel at the disposal site.

The goal is achieved by the fact that:

1) a batch of the same type of disposed ammunition is laid on the site on an even base (soil, sand, etc.) in rows;

2) in each row, the ammunition is placed one next to the other with the head (bottom) parts in one direction;

3) for each row of ammunition stacked, a linear cumulative charge is applied directly to all the shells in their cylindrical part perpendicular to the axes of symmetry of the ammunition. After the installation of the electric blast line, docking to the linear cumulative charges of additional detonators (if necessary) and means of detonation involve the latter.

Disposable ammunition can be laid on the site not in rows, but diverging beams; after the linear cumulative charges are applied to the ammunition, an explosive device is installed in the center of their convergence, when triggered, detonation is excited simultaneously in all charges.

As the linear cumulative charges, any known elongated cumulative charges equipped with various explosive materials can be used, either corps (solid or prefabricated) or shellless, with or without a cumulative lining facing it, with a different shape of the recess. The main condition is that the charge must penetrate (pierce) the shell of the ammunition, ignite the explosive in the ammunition, and ensure its complete combustion (undesirable processes - attenuation of combustion and transition of combustion to explosion). To ensure the normal removal of gaseous products of combustion of explosives from the shell of the munition, it is necessary that the slot created in the shell by a linear cumulative charge would be as wide as possible. On the other hand, the area of the explosive loading center should be as small as possible from the point of view of excluding the detonation of explosive. As is known from explosion physics [7], the dependence of the critical pressure of the initiation of detonation of explosives on the diameter of the center of loading is clearly exponential. Both of these conditions can be fulfilled when the so-called “shock lashes” are widely used as linear cumulative charges, which are widely used in military affairs for explosive destruction of structures, or charges from ballistic gunpowder in the form of semi-cylindrical single-channel tubular elements, with or without channel lining with metal [ 6]. The advantage of such charges is that they can be made of disposable single-channel pieces by cutting them along the generatrix into two equal parts; the charge channel is either lined with metal or not; cut checkers are joined together by ends until a whip of the required length is obtained; initiate detonation in them from a standard means of detonation from the end through an additional detonator.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the prototype and the proposed method shows that the distinguishing features of the proposal are those for which:

- the utilized ammunition is laid on a flat site in rows or diverging rays of several ammunition in each row (beam) one next to the other, with the head (bottom) parts in one direction;

- in each row (beam) directly on the shell of ammunition without additional devices for focal lengths, a linear cumulative charge is established through the entire row (beam) of ammunition, so that the axis of symmetry of the linear charge and shells intersect.

Thus, the proposal for a method meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

The essence of this proposal is more clear from the consideration of figure 1 and figure 2.

In the implementation of the method, a batch of the same type of disposable ammunition 1 is laid on an even base 2 sites for disposal in rows; in each row, the ammunition is located one next to the other, with warheads in one direction. On each row of ammunition, perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, they directly impose a linear cumulative charge 3 with or without a metal lining of the cumulative recess on all the ammunition shells without placing them at the focal length. The detonation of linear cumulative charges at the same time in all rows is carried out from standard means of detonation 4 using additional detonators 5 or without them.

To confirm the operability and effectiveness of the proposed method, calculations were carried out to determine the possibility of implementing the stationary combustion mode of the explosive in the utilized munition when the munition shell is exposed to a linear cumulative charge.

Thus, when implementing the proposed method, a significant increase in the productivity of the process of disposing of ammunition by burning explosives, a decrease in the required number of explosive devices, and a significant simplification of electric explosion networks are achieved.

Information sources

1. Pisaev A.O., Kozlov A.D., Sidorov M.I. Development of technology for the disposal of ammunition by burning their filling (BB) // Actual problems of the disposal of missiles and ammunition: Sat. reports YIII International scientific and technical. conf. - M.: Publishing house of the Federal State Enterprise “Research Institute“ Geodesy ”, - 2012. - S.329-343.

2. Attetkov A.V., Gnuskin A.M., Pyryev V.A., Sagiddulin G.G. Explosion metal cutting. - M .: SIP RIA, 2000.

3. Hubbard P.J., Tomlinson R. Explosiveness and shock-induced deflagration studies of large confined explosive charges // Proc. of 9-th Symp. (Jnt.) on Detonation. - Portland, 1989 .-- V.2. - P.580-592.

4. Methods of destruction of ammunition (based on foreign press) // Conversion in mechanical engineering. - 1994. - No. 3. - S. 42-43.

5. Feodoritov M.I., Filchakov A.A., Tkachenko Yu.V. Dynamic methods for the elimination of explosive devices using disposed explosives // Integrated disposal of conventional types of ammunition: Sat. reports of the III International scientific and technical. conf. - M .: VPK, 1999. - S.167-170.

6. Patent C1 2035249 RU B21D Method for stamping metal sheet blanks / A.V. Alexandrov, K.M. Kotelnikova, G.A. Ivanov et al .; Applicant and patent holder Sterlitamak arbitrariness, Avangard association - No. 4931660/08; Claim 01/30/91; Publ. 05.20.95 // Inventions (Applications and patents). - 1995. - No. 14.

7. Explosion Physics / Ed. L.P. Orlenko. - Ed. 3rd revised. - In 2 vols. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2002.

Claims (1)

A method for the disposal of ammunition, which consists in installing a cumulative charge on the ammunition body with an explosive means and using the latter, characterized in that a batch of the same type of ammunition is laid on a platform on an even base in parallel rows and / or diverging beams one next to the other with head or bottom parts in the same direction, for each row and / or ammunition beam, linear cumulative charges are installed directly, without additional devices for focal length, in this way that the axes of symmetry of their and disposed ammunition intersect; explosive devices with or without additional detonators and / or an explosive device are connected to linear charges, and when activated, detonation is initiated simultaneously in all linear charges.

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