RU2533913C1 - Method for fruits and berries complex enrichment with selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: method envisages non-recurrent foliar treatment of plants with an effective water solution prepared with usage of sodium selenate with concentration equal to 3 mg/l, potassium iodide with concentration equal to 250 mg/l, zinc sulphate with concentration equal to 2 g/l, magnesium sulphate with concentration equal to 12 g/l, manganese sulphate with concentration equal to 0.6 g/l and with addition of 15 g of calcium hydroxide for the avoidance of plants burning injury. This allows to simultaneously increase natural content of selenium 1.4-2.5 times, iodide 1.2-2.6 times, zinc 1.15-1.3 times, magnesium 1.1-2.5 times, manganese 1.1-1.5 times. The following terms of foliar treatment and the effective solution rate are observed. for kolomikta actinidia - the third decade of June with the effective solution rate equal to 1000 l/ha, for black chokeberry - the first decade of July with the effective solution rate equal to 300-500 l per 100 trees, for edible honeyberry - the first decade of May with the effective solution rate equal to 1000 l/ha, for garden strawberry - the second decade of May with the effective solution rate equal to 750 l/ha, for ashberry - the first decade of July with the effective solution rate equal to 400-600 l per 100 trees and apple tree - the first decade of July with the effective solution rate equal to 600-1000 l per 100 trees.

EFFECT: invention allows to produce fruits and berries of kolomikta actinidia or black chokeberry or edible honeyberry or garden strawberry or ashberry or apple tree, enriched with selenium, iodide, zinc, magnesium and manganese in a comprehensive way and intended for the said macro- and microelements deficit prevention.

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Description

The invention relates to the food industry, namely, the production of complexly enriched selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese fruits and berries, for the prevention of deficiency of these macro- and microelements.

Selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese are among the essential elements for man, each of which is involved in the performance of various vital functions. So, selenium is an element of the antioxidant defense system of the human body, has an immunomodelling effect, and is involved in the regulation of the action of thyroid hormones. Selenium deficiency leads to Kashin-Beck disease (osteoarthrosis with multiple deformations of the joints, spine and extremities), Keshan disease (endemic myocardiopathy), hereditary thrombasthenia. Iodine is involved in the functioning of the thyroid gland, providing the formation of the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. It is necessary for the growth and differentiation of cells of all tissues of the human body, mitochondrial respiration, regulation of transmembrane transport of sodium and hormones. Insufficient intake of iodine leads to endemic goiter with hypothyroidism and a slowdown in metabolism, arterial hypotension, growth retardation and mental development in children. Iodine deficiency in the body of women leads to infertility, and during pregnancy - to emissions, increasing the risk of having a physically and mentally disabled child. Zinc is necessary for the normal functioning of almost all body cells. It is part of more than 300 enzymes, is involved in the synthesis and decomposition of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and in the regulation of the expression of a number of genes. Inadequate intake leads to anemia, secondary immunodeficiency, cirrhosis, sexual dysfunction, and fetal malformations. In turn, magnesium is a cofactor of many enzymes, including energy metabolism, participates in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, has a stabilizing effect for membranes, is necessary to maintain homeostasis of calcium, potassium and sodium. A lack of magnesium leads to hypomagnesemia, an increased risk of developing hypertension, heart disease. Manganese is involved in the formation of bone and connective tissue, is part of many enzymes included in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, catecholamines; necessary for the synthesis of cholesterol and nucleotides. Insufficient consumption is accompanied by growth retardation, disorders in the reproductive system, increased fragility of bone tissue, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [1]. In connection with the significance of the macro- and microelements considered, their provision is very important for human health.

According to the physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation, 55-70 μg of selenium, 150 μg of iodine, 12 mg of zinc, 400 mg of magnesium and 2 mg of manganese should be ingested daily by a healthy adult.

Epidemiological studies conducted in recent decades in the economically developed countries of the world and in Russia in the field of assessing nutritional status, energy consumption and public health indicate a significant change in the nutritional structure of modern man. In the unfavorable direction, the real provision of man with essential nutrients has changed, primarily micronutrients and biologically active components of food. Analysis of actual nutrition and assessment of the nutritional status of the population in various regions of Russia indicate that the diet of Russians is deficient in relation to many nutrients, including macrocells and microelements (iodine, selenium, zinc, etc.) [2].

So, according to epidemiological studies of the Institute of Nutrition RAMS (Moscow, 1998) and the results of clinical studies, selenium deficiency is observed almost throughout Russia.

The problem of iodine deficiency for Russia is also extremely urgent, since more than 70% of the densely populated territories of the country have a lack of iodine in water, soil and food products of local origin. In addition, there is an increasingly pronounced deficiency of zinc in the population. This is due to the insufficient content of zinc in the soil, its loss under stress, as well as exposure to various xenobiotics. Most of the Russian population with food receives only about 1/3 of the amount of zinc needed by the body. Zinc deficiency is especially common among older people. Despite the widespread occurrence of magnesium in nature, its deficiency in the human body is found very often - about 50%, and the clinical signs of magnesium deficiency are detected even more often. In addition, manganese deficiency is currently common in many regions of our country. This is most often associated with an increased psychoemotional load on a person, as well as a significant decrease in the consumption of products rich in this mineral, an increase in the amount of phosphates in the body, a lack of manganese in the soil, and a deterioration of the ecological situation in large cities. Thus, the current situation necessitates the immediate correction of selenium status and deficiency of iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese in many regions of our country.

Known methods of enrichment of food with any one macro-or microelement. So, selenium is enriched with drinks for children with selenized yeast, bread products, butter, eggs, corn and oatmeal, milk, mineral water and others. Iodine is enriched with water, oil, bread, confectionery and meat products, milk, kefir, dairy products. To eliminate iodine deficiency iodized salt is produced, however its use has some disadvantages, as excess salt is harmful to the human body, and in some diseases, salt is generally contraindicated. In addition, iodine is present in salt in the form of an unstable chemical compound, which leads to its significant loss during storage, as well as during long-term storage and heat treatment (cooking, frying products using iodized salt), iodine is lost. One of the sources of magnesium in the body is hard drinking water. For areas with soft drinking water, a team of scientists from the Institute of Physiology under the direction of Professor S.K. Churina developed mineral additives of the Severyanka series, which are manufactured in St. Petersburg by Eco-Product LLC under license and under the direct supervision of developers. There is no experience in food fortification with zinc and manganese in Russia.

A known method of obtaining a food product enriched in a complex of macro- and microelements, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and a number of other useful properties, comprising combining a raw grain component with a carrier of dihydroquercetin (DHQ), where wheat germ flakes (PZH) are used as a grain component, which are dried , extracted with water, the obtained extract is separated from the initial raw material component by extraction and filtration. Then, the carrier of DHQ is introduced into the extract at the rate of 10 g per 10 kg of PZH, the resulting mixture is mixed and dried [patent RU 2451457].

There is also known a method of enrichment of food with mineral and other biologically active substances, involving the addition of mineral substances, vitamins in quantities that provide a balanced ratio in the product for a specific group of consumers [patent RU 2287302].

World and domestic experience indicates that the most effective and economically affordable way to solve the problem of micronutrient supply for the population is to include in the diet specialized foods enriched with biologically active substances to a level corresponding to the physiological needs of a person.

A number of Russian companies produce multivitamin and vitamin-mineral premixes for the food industry. Among them, CJSC Sentosa Factoring, which produces a series of vitamin and vitamin-mineral mixtures for the food industry, under the general brand name "Elevit". Premixes "Elevit" are intended for fortification with micronutrients (a mixture of vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , PP, B ₉ , C, B ₆ , B ₃ , B ₁₂ and trace elements - magnesium, zinc, manganese) bread, pasta, juices and drinks, baby food (instant cereals), confectionery, ice cream, cheeses, milk mixtures, sausages. The norms for introducing components into products are such that when eating a certain portion of each of the fortified foods, a person receives from 20 to 50% of the daily intake of vitamins and mineral supplements. In this case, the risk of overdose is excluded due to the fact that an excess of certain premix components does not accumulate in the body. However, products enriched with vitamin-mineral premixes are produced in a limited assortment and small volume, which does not allow their use in everyday nutrition.

It is possible to fill the deficiency of selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese in a complex way with the help of vitamin-mineral complexes, which include macro- and microelements along with vitamins.

There is also the possibility of correcting a deficiency of selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese using food products that are carriers of high concentrations of these macro- and microelements.

The use of biologically active food supplements (BAA) containing a deficient element makes it possible to quickly eliminate deficiency in it and accurately dose micronutrient intake depending on the degree of deficiency, and the BAA market is represented by a wide assortment. However, the Federal Register of dietary supplements that have undergone state registration currently includes only a few items containing selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium, manganese, etc. In addition, the prices of dietary supplements are high and inaccessible to most of the population, which in turn is not allows you to solve the problem of the existing deficit in one or another macro- or microelement.

In this regard, it is necessary to create and develop production of enriched with a complex of macro- and microelements (magnesium, selenium, iodine, zinc and manganese) of mass consumption foods, which include fruits and berries. Eating fruits and berries enriched with a complex of macro- and microelements will simultaneously contribute to the prevention of deficiency of magnesium, selenium, iodine, zinc and manganese in the population.

The proposed method of complex enrichment of fruits, berries with magnesium, selenium, iodine, zinc and manganese provides for a single application of foliar treatment of plants on green berries with an aqueous working solution prepared using sodium selenate at a concentration of 3 mg / l, potassium iodide at a concentration of 250 mg / l, zinc sulfate concentration of 2 g / l, magnesium sulfate concentration of 12 g / l, manganese sulfate concentration of 0.6 g / l and the addition of 15 g of slaked lime to prevent burns to plants, which will increase the natural content selenium 1.4-2.5 times, iodine 1.2-2.6 times, zinc 1.1-1.3 times, magnesium 1.1-2.5 times, manganese 1.1-1, 5 times.

With this method of complex enrichment of fruits and berries with a nutrient solution, the leaves are sprayed. Spraying should be carried out early in the morning, in the evening or during the day in cloudy but not rainy weather so that the solution on the leaves does not dry quickly. For enrichment, the desired concentration of the solution is used and the processing time is taken into account. The rate of consumption of the working solution depends on the number of plants per 1 ha and the age of the plantings.

The specified method of complex enrichment is proposed to be used for both traditional and non-traditional plant materials. It becomes possible to simultaneously increase the content of selenium, iodine, magnesium, manganese and zinc in apples, or fruits and berries of garden strawberries, or edible honeysuckle, or actinidia, or mountain ash or chokeberry.

Duration of treatment and consumption rate of the working solution in the complex enrichment of selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese fruits and berries Name of culture Dates of foliar treatment The composition and concentration of the working solution Approximate consumption rate of working solution Increased element content in enriched fruits and berries Actinidia colomictus third decade of June 3 mg / l sodium selenate + 250 mg / l potassium iodide + 2 g / l zinc sulfate + 12 g / l magnesium sulfate + 0.6 g / l manganese sulfate + 15 g slaked lime 1000 l / ha selenium 1.4 times, iodine 1.8 times, zinc 1.3 times, magnesium 1.3 times, manganese 1.1 times Chokeberry chokeberry first decade of July 300-500 liters per 100 trees selenium 1.9 times, iodine 2.6 times, zinc 1.2 times, magnesium 1.1 times, manganese 1.5 times Edible honeysuckle first decade of May 1000 l / ha selenium 2.5 times, iodine 1.2 times, zinc 1.15 times, magnesium 2.5 times, manganese 1.2 times Wild strawberry second decade of May 750 l / ha selenium 2.3 times iodine 1.3 times zinc 1.1 times magnesium 2 times manganese 1.2 times Mountain ash first decade of July 400-600 liters per 100 trees selenium 2.3 times, iodine 1.7 times, zinc 1.2 times, magnesium 1.25 times, manganese 1.3 times Apple tree first decade of July 600-1000 liters per 100 trees selenium 2.2 times, iodine 1.8 times, zinc 1.3 times, magnesium 1.2 times, manganese 1.4 times

Information sources

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Claims (1)

The method of complex enrichment of selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese fruits and berries, characterized in that it includes a single foliar treatment of leaves of trees, shrubs and plants with an aqueous working solution prepared using sodium selenate concentration of 3 mg / l, potassium iodide concentration of 250 mg / l, zinc sulfate with a concentration of 2 g / l, magnesium sulfate with a concentration of 12 g / l, manganese sulfate with a concentration of 0.6 g / l and the addition of 15 g of slaked lime to prevent burns to plants, which will increase the natural holding selenium 1.4-2.5 times, iodine 1.2-2.6 times, zinc 1.1-1.3 times, magnesium 1.1-2.5 times, manganese 1.1-1 , 5 times, while maintaining the following terms of foliar treatment and the rate of consumption of the working solution: for actinidia, colomicta is the third decade of June with a consumption rate of working solution of 1000 l / ha, for chokeberry aronia - the first decade of July with a consumption rate of 300-500 l per 100 trees, for edible honeysuckle - the first decade of May with a working solution consumption rate of 1000 l / ha, for strawberry garden - the second decade of May with a working consumption rate about a solution of 750 l / ha, for mountain ash - the first decade of July with a consumption rate of working solution of 400-600 l per 100 trees and for apple trees - the first decade of July with a consumption rate of working solution of 600-1000 l per 100 trees, with obtaining complexly enriched selenium, iodine, zinc, magnesium and manganese of fruits and berries of actinidia colomicta, or chokeberry, or edible honeysuckle, or wild strawberries, or mountain ash, or apple trees, designed to prevent deficiency of these macro- and micronutrients.