RU2532734C1 - Four-stroke diesel engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in diesel engines. A four-stroke diesel engine includes cylinders (1), upper cylindrical cover plate (2) attached to cylinders (1), a crank-and-rod mechanism, a gas distributing mechanism, an actuating mechanism of auxiliary units, an engine control mechanism and lubrication, feed, cooling and start-up systems. Cylinder (1) contains partition wall (4) from inside, which has a central hole with sealing elements (5) and divides inner volume of cylinder (1) into two equal cavities and closed from below with lower cover plate (6) having a central hole with sealing elements (7). Inside both cavities of cylinder (1) there inserted are pistons (9) with sealing elements (10), one for each cavity, which are connected to each other with stock (11) passed into central holes of partition wall (4) and lower cover plate (6). Lower end of stock (11) is connected to piston-rod (12). Piton-rod (12) is connected to crank of crankshaft (13). Partition wall (4) and pistons (9) with lower cover plate (6) form four working chambers in cylinder (1), each of which has an inlet device and an outlet device. The gas distributing mechanism includes input and output horizontal shafts with gears, each of which is connected to gears of crank shaft (13) by means of chain transmissions. Input and output vertical shafts (42) and (44) have cams to bring inlet and outlet valves into action. The horizontal input shaft is connected to vertical input shafts (42) by means of gears. The horizontal output shaft is connected to vertical output shafts (44) by means of gears.EFFECT: simpler design of a gas distributing mechanism.13 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of engineering and may find application in the design of diesel engines.

Known two-stroke diesel engine containing a cylinder with exhaust and purge windows located at the bottom of the cylinder, a top cover with a nozzle screwed to the cylinder, a cooling jacket for the cylinder and top cover, an air blower with a receiver, an exhaust manifold, a crank mechanism with a flywheel and a piston inserted inside the cylinder, a crankcase, a high-pressure fuel pump, the shaft of which is kinematically connected to the crankshaft, and the outlet fitting is hydraulically connected to the nozzle, system: power i, cooling, lubricating, starting and controlling the engine. / S.N. Prasolov, M.B. Amitin. The device of submarines, Moscow: Military Publishing, 1973, p. 234-236, fig. 97 /.

The disadvantages of the analogue are: low efficiency, high fuel consumption, uneven rotation of the crankshaft and torque on it, vibration during operation and large heat losses.

These disadvantages are due to the small useful stroke of the piston due to the presence of exhaust and purge windows, incomplete combustion of fuel, and the presence of a crank mechanism.

Also known is a four-stroke diesel engine containing cylinders, an upper cylinder cover attached to the cylinders, a crank mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, an auxiliary drive mechanism, an engine control mechanism, systems: lubrication, power, cooling and starting, the cylinder inside contains a partition having a central hole with sealing elements, dividing the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities and closed from below by a lower cover having a central hole with elements of up lobes, inside both cylinder cavities pistons with sealing elements are inserted, one on each cavity, interconnected by a rod passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover, the lower end of the rod is connected to the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected to the crank of the crankshaft, the partition and the pistons with the bottom cover forms four working chambers in the cylinder, each of which has an inlet device and an outlet device. / French Patent FR 2252025 A5, published June 13, 1975 /.

The well-known diesel engine according to patent 2252025, as the closest in technical essence and achieved useful result, adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the diesel engine adopted for the prototype is the complexity of the gas distribution mechanism that does not provide high technical characteristics.

The specified disadvantage is due to the design of the engine.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of a diesel engine.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that in a diesel engine containing cylinders, the upper cylinder cover attached to the cylinders, a crank mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, an auxiliary drive mechanism, an engine control mechanism, systems: lubrication, power, cooling and starting, the cylinder contains inside, a partition having a central opening with sealing elements, dividing the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities and closed from below by a lower cover having a central opening e with sealing elements, pistons with sealing elements are inserted inside both cylinder cavities, one for each cavity, interconnected by a rod passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover, the lower end of the rod is connected to the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft crank, the partition and pistons with a lower cover form four working chambers in the cylinder, each of which has an inlet device and an outlet device, according to the invention, the gas distribution mechanism comprises horizontal inlets and output shafts with gears, each of which is connected via chain gears to the crankshaft gears, vertical inlet and exhaust shafts having cams for driving intake and exhaust valves, the horizontal inlet shaft being connected to the vertical inlet shafts and the horizontal exhaust outlet through gears connected to the exhaust vertical shafts.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a diesel engine;

in FIG. 2 - front view of the engine;

in FIG. 3 - rear view of the engine;

in FIG. 4 - kinematic diagram of the engine;

in FIG. 5 - the device of the exhaust block;

in FIG. 6 is a kinematic diagram of a gas distribution mechanism;

in FIG. 7 - intake unit device;

in FIG. 8 is a diagram of a diesel engine device;

in FIG. 9 is a diagram of an engine power system;

in FIG. 10, 11, 12, 13 - a diagram of the principle of operation of a four-stroke diesel engine.

The four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine contains a cylinder block 1, an upper cylinder cover 2, bolted to the cylinder block. Each of the cylinders 3 contains inside a partition 4 having a central hole with sealing elements 5, which divides the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities. From the bottom, each cylinder is closed by a lower cover 6 having a central hole with sealing elements 7, fixed by a ring 8, bolted to the cylinder block. Pistons 9 with sealing elements 10 are inserted inside both cylinder cavities, one for each cavity, interconnected by a rod 11 passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover. The lower end of the rod is pivotally connected to a connecting rod 12, which is connected to the crank of the crankshaft 13, which is located in the crankcase 14 and has a flywheel 15. The crankcase is closed by a cover 16. The partition and pistons with the lower cover form four working chambers 17, 18, 19, in the cylinder 20, each of which has an inlet 21 connected to an inlet block 22 having an inlet valve 23 and a nozzle 24 and an outlet 25 connected to an outlet block 26 having an outlet valve 27. Through pipelines, the inlet blocks are pneumatically connected to the air m filter 28 air blower 29, driven by an electric motor 30, powered by a generator-starter 31, gear 32 of which is in constant engagement with the ring gear of the flywheel. Through pipelines, the exhaust blocks are connected to an exhaust fan 33 driven by an electric motor powered by a starter generator and connected through the exhaust pipe 34 to the atmosphere. The gas distribution mechanism contains horizontal inlet 35 and 36 exhaust shafts installed in the bearings of the cylinder block and having gears 37, 38, which are connected to the gears 40 of the crankshaft by chain gears 39. The horizontal inlet shaft is connected by means of gears 41 to the vertical inlet shafts 42 having cams 43 cooperating with the intake valves of the intake blocks. The horizontal exhaust shaft is connected by means of gears to the vertical exhaust shafts 44 having cams interacting with the exhaust valves of the exhaust blocks. The diesel engine power supply system comprises a fuel tank 45, which is connected via pipelines to a fuel pump 46 connected by means of gears 47, 48 to a crankshaft. The power system also contains a high pressure pump 49, mechanically connected through gears 50, 51 to the crankshaft, and hydraulically with nozzles of the intake blocks. The high pressure pump has a fuel control lever 52. The cooling and lubrication systems have water 53 and oil 54 pumps, mechanically connected to the crankshaft. The diesel engine includes all other components inherent in four-stroke diesel engines.

Work four-stroke four-cylinder diesel engine.

After checking the health of all systems, the diesel engine starts. To start, it is necessary to connect the generator-starter 31 to batteries not shown in the drawings. The shaft of the generator-starter 31 will rotate and rotate the flywheel 15 through gear 32, and with it the crankshaft 13. Lever 52 sets the required fuel supply, the diesel engine starts and works as follows. In the initial position (Fig. 10), the upper and lower pistons 9 are at top dead center (TDC). In the working chamber 17, the air is compressed and heated to a high temperature, the inlet 23 and outlet 27 valves are closed and fuel is injected into the fuel nozzle 49 through the nozzle 24 (Fig. 10) as shown by an arrow. The fuel from the high temperature in the working chamber 17 ignites and the gases formed press on the upper surface of the upper piston 9, which moves downward, making a working stroke, and through the rod 11 forces the lower piston 9 to move downward, moreover, the connecting rod 12 rotates the crankshaft 13 in the direction shown by arrow. At the same time, air compression occurs in the working chamber 18 and both valves are closed. In the working chamber 19, the inlet valve 23 is opened and the supercharger 29 is supplied with a new portion of fresh air. In the working chamber 20, the exhaust valve 27 is open and the exhaust gases are removed by the exhaust fan 33 through the exhaust pipe 34 into the atmosphere. Having reached the bottom dead center (BDC), the upper and lower pistons 9 occupy the position shown in figure 11. Next, in the working chamber 18, where the air is compressed and heated, a high pressure pump 49 injects fuel through the nozzle 24 (proved by the arrow), which ignites and the gases formed exert pressure on the lower surface of the upper piston 9. At the same time, an exhaust valve 27 is open in the working chamber 17 and an exhaust fan 33 removes the exhaust gases into the atmosphere. In the chamber 19, both valves are closed and air is compressed. The inlet valve 23 is open in the working chamber 20 and the air blower 29 draws air from the atmosphere through the air filter 28 and delivers it to it. The rod 11 and the connecting rod 12 rotate the crankshaft 13 an additional 180 degrees to the position shown in FIG. 12. The fuel is pumped by a high pressure pump 49 through the nozzle 24 to the working chamber 19. From the high temperature, the fuel ignites and the gases formed exert pressure on the upper surface of the lower piston 9, making a working stroke. The rod 11 and the connecting rod 12 rotate the crankshaft 13 another 180 degrees. Having reached the bottom dead center (BDC), the pistons occupy the position shown in FIG. 13. At the same time, the inlet valve 23 was opened in the working chamber 17 and clean air was introduced, the exhaust valve 27 was opened in the working chamber 18 and the exhaust gases were discharged, and both valves were closed in the working chamber 20 and air was compressed. As soon as the pistons reached bottom dead center (BDC), fuel was pumped by a high pressure pump 49 into the working chamber 20, where it ignited from high temperature. The resulting gases produce pressure on the lower surface of the lower piston 9, forcing it to move to the top dead center (TDC) and to move the upper piston 9 in the same direction through the rod 11. In this case, air is compressed in the working chamber 17, inlet 23 and outlet 27 valves closed, the inlet valve 23 is open in the working chamber 18 and the air blower 29 delivers clean air into it, the exhaust valve 27 is open in the working chamber 19 and the exhaust fan 33 removes the exhaust gases into the atmosphere. After the return of the pistons 9 to its original state, everything starts all over again. Other cylinders also work.

From table 1 it can be seen that in one stroke of the pistons a complete cycle of a four-stroke diesel engine takes place when the crankshaft is rotated 180 degrees.

The invention allows to simplify the design of the gas distribution mechanism, to improve the filling of the cylinders with clean air and to reduce the smokiness of exhaust gases.

Claims (1)

A four-stroke diesel engine containing cylinders, an upper cylinder cover attached to the cylinders, a crank mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, a drive mechanism for auxiliary units, an engine control mechanism, systems: lubrication, power, cooling and starting, the cylinder contains a partition inside with a central hole with sealing elements, dividing the internal volume of the cylinder into two equal cavities and closed from below by a lower cover having a central hole with sealing elements, inside l pistons with sealing elements are inserted in both cylinder cavities, one for each cavity, interconnected by a rod passed into the central holes of the partition and the lower cover, the lower end of the rod is connected to the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected to the crank of the crankshaft, the partition and the pistons with the lower cover form four working chambers in the cylinder, each of which has an inlet device and an outlet device, characterized in that the gas distribution mechanism comprises horizontal inlet and outlet shafts with gears and, each of which is connected via chain gears to the crankshaft gears, vertical intake and exhaust shafts having cams for driving the intake and exhaust valves, the horizontal inlet shaft being connected to the vertical inlet shafts by means of gears, and the horizontal exhaust outlet shaft to the exhaust vertical shafts.

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