RU25316U1 - BUFFER - Google Patents

Description

Buffer device

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely, buffer devices, and can be used in transport, lifting machines and production equipment to mitigate impacts when moving parts and mechanisms and machines interact with stationary, as well as to limit their movement.

A well-known spring buffer used on locomotives and wagons for the perception of longitudinal impacts and compressive forces arising from the movement of the train and during the collisions of wagons (see Lifting machines, edited by M.P. Aleksandrov, M., Higher School, 1973 p. 319), comprising a rod with a buffer plate, a buffer cup, a spring to soften the shocks perceived by the buffer, and a washer through which the rod interacts with the spring. However, during the operation of the well-known buffer, almost all kinetic energy of movement passes into the potential energy of spring elasticity, which returns in the form of sharp recoil, which is harmful for structural elements. In addition, this buffer has a relatively small energy intensity and considerable length, and for the perception of large loads it is assembled from several springs operating in parallel, which makes its design bulky and heavy.

Almost without recoil, hydraulic buffers work. These buffers are compact and highly energy intensive. Known hydraulic buffer with a variable annular gap (ibid., P. 320), comprising a housing in which a return spring and a fixed rod, a hollow piston, the tip of which interacts with the piston through an accelerating spring. However, the use of this device, as well as other hydraulic buffers, is limited due to the complexity of the design and the need for constant monitoring.

The simplicity of construction, compactness and ease of use are distinguished by rubber buffers operating on compression strains. These buffers have low impact, because a significant part of the kinetic energy of moving masses (up to 30-50%) during compression is absorbed due to internal friction of elastic elements. In some cases, to increase energy intensity and reduce recoil of elastic elements, the rubber buffer can be assembled from separate plates and designed similar to the well-known shock absorber (see V.N. Potu: - -jieii ЦШ11Ц ПЦЯ l | (f

V D - O, g j q.-Jpi

at 66 with 7/16

Paradise et al. Rubber parts of machines, M., Mechanical Engineering, 1977), selected as a prototype.

The known shock absorber is made of a cylindrical shape with an axial bore and consists of a package of cylindrical shock absorbers with metal disks serving to connect them. The presence of a central hole increases the elasticity of the shock absorber and contributes to the best spring heat dissipation and cooling of the device. In addition, the elastic characteristic of such a shock absorber is easily changed by adding new elements.

Known shock absorber has the following disadvantages:

- the number of rubber-metal elements in the package is limited by the possibility of losing its stability due to bending of the elements or buckling of rubber, which is an important condition for normal work on compression deformation, especially at high shock loads;

-metal disks of rubber-metal elements are not sufficiently reliably fixed from lateral displacement (shift) relative to each other due to the sliding of the contacting surfaces of adjacent disks;

-when assembling a large number of rubber-metal elements in a package, it is difficult to ensure their alignment;

- when the load application vector deviates from the axis of the shock absorber, its efficiency decreases, the likelihood of buckling and buckling of rubber increases;

This useful model solves the following problem - the creation of a buffer device that can absorb high shock loads and limit the movement of significant masses in various mechanisms and machines.

The problem is solved in that in a buffer device containing a rubber-metal buffer in the form of a package of rubber-metal elements with a through axial hole, each of which is made in the form of an elastic washer fixed between even and odd metal disks, according to a utility model, that the device contains a travel stop moving parts or mechanism relatively motionless, a package of rubber elements of the buffer mounted coaxially to the axially movable bearing rod, made in the form of a rod with threaded shanks and fixed at one end through the guide sleeve on the aforementioned stopper, the threaded end of the rod being rigidly mounted, a package of rubber-metal elements installed between the support of the chipper and the support of the guide sleeve mounted on the cylindrical part of the rod with the possibility of longitudinal sliding of the latter along its inner surface, while the rubber-metal elements are mounted in a package by means of centering collars made on h discs in the form of bushings, by installing them in the axial holes of odd metal disks of mating rubber-metal elements, and fixed with preliminary compression by means of a nut mounted on the threaded shank of the bearing rod, while the guide bush and chipper are equipped with shanks that center the package of rubber-metal elements, and the working the chipper surface is spherical with increased surface hardness of the metal.

Moreover, the movement limiter of the moving parts of the machine or mechanism is made in the form of a bracket rigidly connected to the fixed part of the machine or mechanism, and the guide sleeve is fixed with its outer surface in the eye of the bracket-limiter. In addition, the bracket limiter can be fixed on the fixed part of the machine or mechanism with the possibility of installation on any of the movable elements sequentially arranged along the motion path of the seats, or mounted on the moving element of the machine or mechanism with the possibility of interaction of the working surface of the end stop of the chipper with the fixed parts of the structure .

The presence of a limiter for the movement of moving parts or mechanism ensures the installation of a buffer to ensure that the moving parts or mechanism stops after interacting with the buffer chipper within the zone of elastic working compression of the buffer.

The installation of a package of rubber-metal elements with an axial hole on the supporting rod increases the buffer stability from bending and buckling.

The execution of the centering collars in the form of bushings on even metal disks ensures the coaxiality of the latter during assembly of the packet. The buffer from any number of rubber-metal elements and protects them from radial displacement relative to each other.

In addition, the package of rubber-metal elements is limited from lateral displacement by the interaction of metal disks of the extreme elastic elements with the shanks of the chipper and the guide sleeve.

The installation of the guide sleeve in the eye of the bracket, rigidly connected with the stationary part of the machine or mechanism, allows you to use the specified bracket as a limiter for the movement of moving structural elements, and with the help of a buffer to mitigate shock and prevent the occurrence of increased loads.

The fastening of the bracket-limiter of movement on the fixed part of the machine or mechanism is removable, with the possibility of installation on various seats made along the trajectory of the movement of the moving structural elements, if necessary, vary the amount of movement of these elements.

The fastening of the bracket-limiter movement on the moving part of the machine or mechanism with the possibility of interaction of the spherical tip of the chipper with the fixed parts, expands the possibilities of using a buffer device.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where: 1 is a general view of a buffer device; in FIG. 2 - rubber-metal buffer, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - rubber-metal element of the buffer package;

The buffer device contains a rubber-metal buffer 1 (Fig. 1) and a limiter for moving the moving parts or mechanism relatively motionless, made in the form of a bracket 2. The buffer 1 is assembled in a package of individual rubber-metal elements 3 with a through axial hole (Fig. 2), each of which is made in the form of an elastic rubber washer 4 with the outer surface in the form of a concave meniscus, vulcanized between the even and odd metal disks 5, 6 (Fig. 3). On even disks 5 around the circumference of the axial holes are made centering beads 7 in the form of bushings. The outer diameter d of the flanges 7 is made equal to the diameter d of the axial holes of the odd discs 6, and the height L of the flange 7 is equal to the thickness s of the metal discs 5, 6. In the assembled package, the flanges 7 of the even discs 5 are located in the axial holes of the odd metal discs of 6 adjacent rubber-metal elements

BEFORE making contact between the end surfaces of these disks. The assembled buffer package 1 is mounted on an axially movable supporting rod 8, coaxial to the latter, and is placed between the fender 9 and the guide sleeve 10. The fender 9 is rigidly fixed to. the rod 8 by means of a threaded connection and is fixed with a pin 11. The working surface A of the chipper 9 is made spherical and hardened to a hardness of 35 ... 48 HRC. The guide sleeve 10 is mounted with a through axial hole on the cylindrical part B of the bearing rod 8 and is provided with a groove for the O-ring 12 and the protective ring 13. The chipper 9 and the guide sleeve 10 are made with cylindrical shanks 14, 15 and mounted on the bearing rod 8 with the latter in rod cavity G towards each other. The outer metal disks D and E are installed on the cylindrical surfaces of the shanks 14 and 15. In addition, the shanks 14, 15 are made with a lead-in conical part Ж, 3. The package of rubber-metal elements 3 of the buffer 1 is pressed during assembly by 10 ... 15% of its total guide thickness the sleeve 10 by means of a nut 16. The end surfaces of adjacent disks 5, 6 and the surfaces of the bump 9 and the connecting sleeve 10 in contact with them are covered with a thin layer of white zinc-coated grated (not shown) to ensure tight joints. The sleeve 10 with its outer surface is installed in the eye 17 of the bracket-limiter 2 and secured with a nut 18. The bracket-limiter 2 with the help of bolts 19 is removably mounted on the fixed part 20 of the machine or mechanism (for example, on the frame, bed, etc.). The mounting points of the bracket of the limiter 2 can be made several, and they can be placed along the trajectory of the moving structural elements 21 in places where the movable elements 21 are limited in movement, taking into account the magnitude of the stroke of the rod 8 when compressing the rubber parts 4.

The buffer device can also be mounted on movable elements.

21 designs. But in both cases of placement, the axis of the buffer 1 should be located along the action vector of forces from the moving masses, and the working surface L of the end stop of the bump 9 should be directed towards the impact.

When assembling the rubber-metal buffer 1, the centering shoulders 7 of the even metal disks 5 are installed in the axial holes of the odd disks of 6 adjacent rubber-metal elements. The buffer package thus assembled is placed on an axially movable bearing rod 8. Centering shoulders 7 prevent the disks 5 from sliding radially on the adjacent surfaces of the disks 6 and, together with the bearing rod 8, prevent the buffer 1 from bending, thereby ensuring rigidity and stability of the structure.

Assembled and ready for operation buffer device operates as follows.

The movable elements 21 at the extreme point of their movement come into contact with the working spherical surface / A of the end stop of the bump 9. The rod 8, under the influence of force, begins to slide in the axial hole of the sleeve 10, which is kept from moving by the eye 17 of the bracket - limiter 2 and nut 18, when this rubber parts 4 are compressed by the chipper 9 and the guide sleeve 10. The kinetic energy of the moving masses is absorbed due to internal friction in the rubber. Due to the tightness of the rod cavity G during compression of the buffer 1, the volume of air enclosed in the specified cavity is also compressed, which significantly increases the efficiency of damping shock loads. The conical ends G, moving in the rod cavity G, do not damage the rubber of the parts 4, bulging into the axial hole of the package of elastic elements 3. After stopping the movable elements 21, all the parts of the buffer 1 return to their original position due to the elasticity of the rubber.

Changing the mounting location of the bracket - limiter 2 on the fixed part 20, you can change the amount of movement of the movable elements 21 of the structure.

Thus, the proposed buffer device provides the ability to mitigate high impact loads and allows you to limit the movement of significant masses in various machines and mechanisms. 6

Work

Claims (6)

1. A buffer device containing a rubber-metal buffer in the form of a package of rubber-metal elements with a through axial hole, each of which is made in the form of an elastic washer fixed between even and odd metal disks, characterized in that the device contains a limiter for moving the moving parts or mechanism relatively motionless, the package of rubber elements of the buffer is mounted on an axially movable bearing rod, coaxial to the last, the rod is made in the form of a cylindrical rod with threaded shanks and is fixed at one end through the guide sleeve on the aforementioned stopper, and a chipper is rigidly mounted on its opposite end, a package of rubber-metal elements is installed between the chipper support and the guide sleeve support mounted on the cylindrical part of the rod with the possibility of longitudinal sliding of the latter along its inner surface, while the rubber-metal elements are mounted in a package by means of centering collars made on even disks in the form of bushings, put we install them in the axial holes of the odd metal disks of the mating rubber-metal elements and are fixed with preliminary preload by means of a nut mounted on the threaded shank of the bearing rod, while the guide sleeve and the chipper are made with cylindrical shanks and mounted on the rod with the latter entering the rod cavity with placement on them are metal disks of extreme rubber-metal elements of the package, and the working surface of the chipper is made of a spherical shape with an increased surface metal hardness.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the limiter for moving the moving parts of the machine or mechanism is made in the form of a bracket.  3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the guide sleeve with its outer surface is fixed in the eye of the bracket-limiter, rigidly connected with the fixed part of the machine or mechanism.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket-limiter is mounted on a fixed part of the machine or mechanism removably with the ability to install on any of the sequentially arranged along the path of movement of the moving elements of the seats.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket-limiter is mounted on a movable element of a machine or mechanism with the possibility of interaction of the working surface of the end stop of the chipper with the fixed parts of the structure. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the package of rubber-metal elements is installed with preliminary compression of 10-15% of its total initial thickness.