RU2530517C1 - Vibration planting device of drill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a hopper fixed to the frame. The planting device is mounted on the hopper from below on flexible suspensions. The latter is made of a rectangular shape with points of drill tubes attached to it from below. The planting device is provided with a drive for its vibrations. The lower neck of the hopper is located inside the planting device and ends with a cylindrical pipe. The cylindrical tube is inserted in the pipe. The latter is fixed in the cylindrical pipe by the retaining screw. The lower end of the cylindrical pipe with beveled edges enters the ring rigidly connected to the housing of the stabiliser of seed level and is also fixed in the right place by the retaining screw. The housing of the stabiliser has a rectangular shape, it is made of a thin metal sheet and is located in the planting device with its dumb wall upwards. In the side walls of the stabiliser housing the lugs with holes are formed. The stabiliser bottom is removable dual-slope flat tray made of a thin sheet. Along the edges of the tray, adjacent to the sidewalls of the stabiliser housing, the lugs are also formed, with holes coinciding with the lugs of the latter. The dual-slope flat tray is fixed to the housing of the stabiliser by the metal spokes so that only between the end walls of the latter and the edges of the dual-slope tray the slits are formed. Along the rest of the perimeter the tray is closely adjacent to the walls of the stabiliser housing.

EFFECT: invention enables to provide improvement of quality of planting seeds of different cultures that differ significantly in physical and mechanical characteristics and seeding rates.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders.

A metering apparatus is known (RF Patent No. 2129767, A01C 7/04, Bull. No. 13, 05/10/99), comprising a seed hopper mounted on a frame and an oscillating metering device suspended from below on flexible suspensions, at the bottom of which metering holes are made. The lower part of the hopper has a rectangular neck, and its bottom is a gable visor. In the small walls of the neck adjacent to the visor, windows are provided that are overlapped by vertically adjustable dispensers. Each of the dispensers is made sliding, and the lower part is movable. The seed level in the sowing device is determined by the vertical distance between the lower edges of the walls of the dispensers and the bottom of the sowing device.

The disadvantage of the apparatus is that the presence of a gable visor does not completely eliminate the pressure of the vertical column of hopper seeds on the top layer of seeds in the sowing device, which leads to an increase in its thickness, especially when sowing seeds that are large in size and weight. The changing level of seeds in the sowing device increases the unevenness of sowing by individual sowing holes, reducing the quality of the sowing apparatus as a whole. In addition, constant cross-sections of all windows in the neck of the hopper and dispensers complicate the installation of the sowing apparatus at a predetermined rate when sowing seeds of various crops.

A metering device is known (RF Patent No. 2210201, А01С 7/16, Bull. No. 23, 08/20/2003), which includes a hopper with a rectangular lower neck and a metering device suspended from below on flexible suspensions with a drive for its vibrations. The bottom of the neck of the bunker has a gable visor, and windows are made in its walls adjacent to the visor. The windows are closed by vertically adjustable dispensers, each of which is made sliding, and the lower part is movable. In its sidewalls, below, an axis with a two-blade valve is installed. On one of its blades, on the back, in the uprights, an axis is fixed, the ends of which are brought out on both sides outside the dispensers. Plastic hollow floats are fixed on them so that their lower planes and the ends of the lower edges of the walls of the movable parts of the dispensers are located in one horizontal plane. Each of the dispensers is located in pockets that are made in both side walls of the metering device housing.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the complexity of the design of both the sowing device, and dispensers, ensuring a constant level of seeds in the sowing device. Placing floats on both sides of the metering unit on the same axis does not ensure the stability of the seed level in the sowing device, especially when the seeder is working on the rugged topography of the sown field.

The unregulated parameters of the dosing device floats cannot ensure the stability of the level of seeds in the sowing device, which differ in physical and mechanical properties and their seeding rate.

The closest, to the intended purpose, intended to maintain a constant level of oscillating seeds is the seeder sowing apparatus (RF Patent No. 2437266, АСС 7/16, Bull. No. 36, 12/27/2011), including a hopper placed on the seeder frame. At the bottom of the hopper on flexible suspensions is a sowing device. The latter is rectangular in shape and has the tips of the vas deferens and a drive for its vibrations. Inside the case of the metering device, the lower neck of the rectangular hopper is located, the bottom of which is a gable visor. Tips are attached to opposite walls of the lower neck of the hopper adjacent to the slopes of the visor, to which corrugated rubber hoses are attached. The second ends of the hoses are fixed in the tips in the form of tubes attached to a solid partition installed inside the metering device. A solid partition has the ability to move vertically parallel to the bottom of the metering device and lock in place. This movement provides the ability to change the level of seeds in an oscillating sowing device.

The disadvantages of this apparatus are: the complexity of the design of the sowing device, the possibility of re-compaction of the oscillating layer of seeds due to pressure on the last moving vertical flow from the hopper, especially when sowing large and heavy seeds. In addition, this apparatus does not provide for the regulation of the intensity of the flow of seeds of various crops entering the sowing device, up to its complete shutdown.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the sowing apparatus of the seeder by stabilizing the level of oscillating seeds in the sowing device, minimizing the pressure of the flow of moving seeds from the hopper to the oscillating layer in the sowing device, steplessly regulating the intensity of the flow of incoming seeds from the hopper to the sowing device up to termination and stepless regulation of the level of oscillating seeds in the sowing device, regardless of their physical and mechanical properties and sowing rates.

This problem is solved due to the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, the lower neck of the hopper ends with a cylindrical nozzle, into which one end and a fixed screw of one end of the cylindrical tube of the seed level stabilizer of the sowing device enter and fixed in place, and the other end with beveled edges connected to the ring, rigidly fixed in the housing of the seed level stabilizer, and is also fixed in place by the locking screw. The stabilizer body is made in the form of a box of rectangular shape from a thin-walled metal sheet and placed with a blank wall up, ears with holes are made in its side walls, and its bottom is a flat gable removable tray (thin-walled metal sheet) along its edges adjacent to the side walls of the stabilizer body , ears are also made with holes matching the ears in the side walls of the latter, a gable flat tray is fixed to the stabilizer body with metal spokes so that only between rtsevymi stabilizer body walls and edges of the tray are formed slots, and the rest of the perimeter of the tray closely adjacent to the sidewalls of the stabilizer body.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the sowing apparatus, front view; figure 2 is a General view of the stabilizer level of the seeds of the sowing device along with part of the cylindrical pipe of the lower neck of the hopper; figure 3 - body stabilizer seed level, side view; figure 4 - housing stabilizer level of seeds, top view; figure 5 is a ring of the housing of the stabilizer of the seed level with its cylindrical tube, side view; figure 6 is a ring of the housing of the stabilizer of the seed level with its cylindrical tube, top view; Fig.7 is a section of a gable flat tray stabilizer seed level longitudinally-vertical plane; in Fig.8 is a top view of Fig.2 without a cylindrical nozzle of the lower neck of the hopper.

The sowing apparatus of the seeder is made vibrating and contains a frame 1 (Fig. 1), on which the hopper 2 is fixed by means of an arm 3, for which plates 4 reinforced with kerchiefs are welded to the hopper 5. The hopper 2 is attached to the arm 3 and the arm to the frame 1 by bolt connections 6. To the bunker 2 from below through a flexible suspension 7 is attached a sowing device 8 of a rectangular shape with the tips of the seed tubes 9. The drive 10 of the sowing device is mounted on a horizontal shelf 11, welded to a vertical bracket 12 and reinforced by the sprinkles 13. The bracket 12 of the actuator 10 is mounted on the frame 1 by means of the upper 15 and the bottom 14 of the pads attached to the bracket 12 by a bolt connection 16. The transmission of vibrations from the actuator 10 to the left metering device 8 and the right one (due to the symmetry of the right metering device is not shown) is carried out by connecting rods 17 and 18, and from the left to the next - connecting rod 19. Oscillations of all left and right sowing devices are performed in antiphase.

The lower neck of the hopper 2 ends with a cylindrical pipe 20, into which a cylindrical tube 21 of the seed level stabilizer 22 is inserted.

The seed level stabilizer 22 of the sowing device 8 includes a stabilizer body 23, a stabilizer ring 24 and a roof-shaped ramp (FIG. 2).

The cylindrical tube 21 of the seed level stabilizer 22 can be displaced vertically relative to the cylindrical pipe 20 of the lower neck of the hopper 2 and fixed in the right place with the locking screw 26.

The body of the stabilizer 23 is made of thin-walled metal sheet and is a box of rectangular shape with side 27, end 28 and upper 29 walls (figure 3). In each of the side walls 27, in their lower part, ears 30 with holes 31 are made.

In the upper wall 29 of the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22, a large hole 32 is made (Fig. 4), and a hole 33 is made on its periphery. The hole 32 is used to install the ring 24 (Fig. 2), and the holes 33 are for mounting it to the body 23 stabilizer 22. The ring 24 (Fig. 5) has an inner diameter of the size of the cylindrical tube 21 of the stabilizer 22. The lower end of the cylindrical tube 21 of the seed level stabilizer 22 has bevels 34 that are parallel to the planes of the flat gable tray 25 (Fig. 2). On the outer surface of the ring 24 two protrusions 35 and 36 are made.

The outer diameter of the protrusion 35 of the ring 24 is made according to the size of the hole 32 of the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22. In the protrusion 36 of the ring 24 there are holes 38 (6), which together with the holes 33 of the housing of the stabilizer 23 allow these parts to be rigidly fastened together with screws, and a hole 37 for the locking screw, which fixes the lower end of the cylindrical tube 21 of the seed level stabilizer 22.

The bottom of the seed level stabilizer 22 is a flat gable tray 25 (figure 2). Figure 7 shows a section of a gable tray with a longitudinally vertical plane. The planes of the gable tray 25, and therefore the section lines of 39 planes of the tray, are deviated from the horizontal by an angle α, the value of which corresponds to the angle of friction on the metal surface, for most seeds of agricultural cultures. For attaching the tray 25 to the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22 along its edges there are ears 40 with holes 41 that coincide with the holes 31 made in the ears 30 of the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22 (Fig. 3). In the middle of the gable flat tray 25, ears are not provided.

Fastening of the gable flat tray 25 with the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22 is carried out with metal spokes 42 piercing the corresponding holes of the ears of the housing 23 and the tray 25 (Fig. 8).

The spoke 43 penetrates only the holes of the stabilizer body 23 and is a support for the middle part of the gable flat tray 25. The gable tray 25 is mounted relative to the stabilizer body 23 so that slots 44 are formed between them at the ends through which the seed material enters the metering device 8. The rest perimeter tray tightly adjacent to the body of the stabilizer.

The working process of the sowing apparatus proceeds as follows.

The seeds poured into the hopper 2 due to their flowability enter the cylindrical pipe 20 of the lower neck of the hopper 2 and then into the cylindrical tube 21 of the stabilizer. Then, through the slots formed between the bevels 34 of the lower edge of the cylindrical tube 21 and the planes of the gable flat tray 25, the seed is divided into two streams and slides along its planes to the slots 44, and then enters the sowing device 8. Spontaneous filling of the sowing device with 8 seeds will occur until the tops of the seed slides reach the location of the slots 44. When you turn on the drive of the sowing device 8 due to its fluctuations, the seed material will level out in it. If at the same time its level is below the level of the location of the slots 44, it will flow along the slopes of the tray 25 into the sowing device 8. This will happen in all similar cases until the top layer of the vibrating seeds reaches the level of the location of the slots 44.

In the process of operation of the vibrating sowing apparatus, the seed material from the sowing device 8 through its sowing holes, the tips of the seed tubes 9 and then through the seed tubes (not shown in Fig. 1) will go to the coulters forming grooves and be sealed with soil. The top layer of seeds in the sowing device 8 will lower and the seeds will be replenished, moving along the planes of the gable tray 25. Moreover, the flow of seeds through the seed level stabilizer 22 will be determined by their flow rate through the sowing holes of the sowing device 8, i.e. there will be a process of self-regulation, ensuring the constancy of their upper level in the sowing device 8.

Due to the possibility of displacement of the cylindrical tube 21 of the seed level stabilizer 22 along the cylindrical pipe 20 of the lower neck of the hopper 2 on one side and the displacement of the housing 23 of the seed level stabilizer 22 along its cylindrical tube 21 on the other hand, the seed level stabilizer 22 allows:

- change the supply of seeds to the sowing device 8;

- turn off the seed supply in the sowing device 8;

- adjust the level of oscillating seeds in the sowing device 8.

To change the seed supply to the sowing device 8, it is necessary to establish the required size of the gap between the bevels 34 of the lower end of the cylindrical tube 21 and the planes of the gable tray 25 (Fig. 2), to do this, loosen the locking screw screwed into the hole 37 and shift the housing in the necessary direction 23 stabilizer seed level 22 in a cylindrical tube 21 and fix this position with a locking screw. With a minimum gap size corresponding to a minimum seed supply, it is necessary to ensure their steady flow into the sowing device 8.

To turn off the seed supply to the sowing device 8, it is necessary that the size of the gap between the bevels of the lower end of the cylindrical tube 21 and the planes of the gable tray 25 correspond to the minimum seed size of the sowing culture.

To adjust the seed level in the sowing device 8, it is necessary to release the locking screw 26 (Fig. 2) and, moving the cylindrical tube 21 together with the dispenser 22 relative to the cylindrical pipe 20 of the lower neck of the hopper 2 (Fig. 1) in the desired direction, set the desired level and fix in this position screw 26.

The seed level stabilizer 22 almost completely eliminates the pressure of the vertical column of seeds, especially when sowing large and heavy seeds located in the hopper 2 on the seeds coming out through the slots 44 of the stabilizer 22 into the sowing device 8, which allows you to keep their predetermined level in the oscillating sowing device 8.

The proposed vibratory sowing apparatus of the seeder due to a design change allows to ensure high-quality sowing and expand its functional capabilities by sowing various seeds of agricultural crops, significantly different in physical and mechanical characteristics and sowing standards.

Vibrating metering unit can be easily implemented in agricultural production.

Claims (1)

A seeder sowing apparatus, comprising a hopper mounted on a frame, a rectangular sowing device suspended from the bottom on flexible pendants with the tips of the seed tubes and a drive for its vibrations, the lower neck of the hopper being placed inside the sowing device, characterized in that the lower neck of the hopper ends with a cylindrical pipe into which one end of the tube of the seed level stabilizer of the sowing device is inserted and fixed in place with a locking screw, and its other end with beveled edges is connected to a ring rigidly fixed in the housing of the seed level stabilizer, and is also fixed in the right place with a locking screw, and the stabilizer body is made in the form of a rectangular box of thin-walled metal sheet and placed with a blank wall up, in its side walls you the ears are filled with holes, and its bottom is a gable flat tray - a thin-walled metal sheet, in addition, ears with holes matching the ears in the side walls of the latter are also made along its edges adjacent to the side walls of the stabilizer, while the gable is flat it is fixed with the stabilizer body with metal spokes so that only between the end walls of the stabilizer body and the edges of the gable flat tray, cracks form, and along the rest of the perimeter it tightly adjoins the sides nth walls of the stabilizer housing.

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