RU2437266C1 - Sowing apparatus of sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises a hopper fixed on a frame. At the bottom of the hopper there is a sowing device with tips of seed tubes suspended at flexible suspensions. The sowing device comprises a drive for its oscillations and is made as rectangular. At the end and side walls of the body of the sowing device there are accordingly guide plates and pads arranged diametrically oppositely and along their vertical axial lines. Along the guide pads there is a row of grooves of conical shape. Inside the body of the sowing device above its bottom and parallel to it there is a solid partition installed. In the partition for guide plates and pads there are cuts made. Symmetrically to cuts for guide pads, there are four holes drilled in the partition for fixation of fixing devices. Besides, in the partition there are two holes, which are arranged along the large axial line at the identical distance from the small axial line. In the specified holes there are tips fixed in the form of tubes. Corrugated rubber hoses are put onto tubes. The second ends of hoses are attached to other tips, which are attached to walls of the lower neck of the hopper, having windows. ^ EFFECT: apparatus is universal and makes it possible to provide high quality of seeds sowing due to control of their level in an oscillating sowing device and selection of its optimal value with account of these seeds' features, while preserving stability of the level for the whole time of the sowing machine operation. ^ 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders.

A metering device is known, including a hopper mounted on a seeder frame, a metering device suspended from below on flexible suspensions with sowing holes and the tips of the vas deferens mounted under them and a drive for its vibrations. The neck of the rectangular hopper is located inside the body of the metering device, and its bottom is a gable visor. In the walls of the neck, to which the lower edges of the slopes of the visor are adjacent, windows are provided that are overlapped by vertically adjustable dispensers. Each of the dispensers is made sliding, its lower part is movable, in the sides of which, an axis with a two-blade valve is installed at the bottom. On one of its blades, on the back side of the uprights, an axis is fixed, the ends of which are brought out on both sides outside the dispensers. Plastic hollow floats are installed on them so that their lower planes and the ends of the lower edges of the walls of the movable parts of the metering units are located in one horizontal plane, and each of the metering devices is located in pockets that are made in both side walls of the metering device housing (RF patent No. 2210201 А01С 7 / 16. Bulletin No. 23, 08/20/2003).

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the complexity of the design of both the sowing device, and dispensers designed to maintain a constant level of seeds in the sowing device. Placing the floats on both sides of the metering units on the same axis does not ensure the constancy of the seed level in the sowing device, especially when the seeder is working on the rugged relief of the sowing field.

Closest to the proposed, designed to reliably maintain a constant level of oscillating seeds is a sowing apparatus, including a hopper mounted on the seeder frame.

At the bottom of the hopper, a sowing device is suspended on flexible suspensions. The latter is rectangular in shape and has the tips of the vas deferens. The sowing device is equipped with a drive for its oscillations. The mouth of the rectangular hopper is placed inside the housing of the metering device and its bottom is a gable visor, and the windows are made in the walls of the neck, to which the lower edges of the slopes of the visor are adjacent. Inside the case of the metering device above the bottom and parallel to it, a solid partition is installed. In the partition there are four holes and four cutouts at the edges of both of its axial lines for its fixed fastening tightly without gaps to the walls of the housing, and two holes along the major axis in the middle between the minor axis and the end walls of the housing for fixing the tips in the form of tubes, with on them with rubber hoses, the second ends of which are connected to other tips attached to the walls of the lower side of the hopper having windows, and the lower edges of the windows and the adjoining slopes of the peak are made semicircular (П Awning RF №2310311, A01C 7/16. Bull. №32, 20.11.2007, prototype).

The disadvantage of this apparatus is that it does not provide control of the level of the layer of oscillating seeds in the sowing device, which limits the list of sown crops due to the significant difference in their seeds in size, condition and surface shape, which affect the value of the coefficient of friction between particles, and therefore , and their flowability. Correspondence of the level of the seed layer to their characteristics will provide more favorable conditions for their uniform flow through the sowing holes of the apparatus.

The objective of the invention is to increase the versatility of the apparatus with high quality seeding due to the regulation of their level in an oscillating sowing device and the selection of its optimal size, taking into account the characteristics of these seeds while maintaining the stability of this level throughout the work of the seeder.

This problem is solved due to the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, to the end and side walls of the sowing device are diametrically opposite and along their vertical axial lines, guide plates and pads are attached respectively, and cutouts are made in the continuous partition for their sizes, and a number of along the guide pads are made recesses of conical shape. On a solid partition, opposite the guide pads and symmetrically cutouts, four holes were drilled to fix the fixing devices on it and two holes for the tips in the form of tubes, the ends of which are connected to the tips of the neck of the hopper with rubber corrugated hoses.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the sowing apparatus, front view; figure 2 - housing metering device; figure 3 is a solid partition, a top view; figure 4 - fixing device, a horizontal cross section along the center line; 5 is a General view of the locking device Assembly, top view.

The sowing apparatus of the seeder is made vibrating and contains a frame 1 (Fig. 1), on which the hopper 2 is fixed by means of brackets 3, for which plates 4 reinforced with kerchiefs are welded to the bunker 5. The hopper 2 is attached to the brackets 3 and brackets to the frame 1 by bolt connections 6. A rectangular sowing device 8 with the tips of the seed tubes 9 is connected to the hopper 2 through flexible suspensions 7. The drive 10 of the sowing device is mounted on a horizontal shelf 11 welded to a vertical bracket 12 and reinforced by the sons 13. The bracket 12 of the actuator 10 is mounted on the frame 1 by means of the upper 14 and lower 15 pads welded to the bracket using bolted connections. The transmission of vibrations from the drive 10 to the left metering device 8 and to the right (due to the symmetry of the right metering device and the right assembly is not shown) is carried out by connecting rods 16 and 17, and from the left to the next by connecting rod 18. Oscillations of all left and right metering devices are performed in antiphase.

The neck of the rectangular hopper 19 is located inside the housing of the metering device 8, and its bottom is a gable visor 20.

Tips 21 are attached to the opposite wall of the lower neck 19 of the hopper 2 adjacent to the slopes of the visor 20, to which corrugated rubber hoses 22 are attached. The second ends of the hoses are fixed in the tips in the form of tubes 23 that are installed in a continuous partition 24 located above the bottom and in parallel the bottom 25 of the case of the sowing device 8. On a solid partition fixed fixing devices 25, allowing you to set the partition at different distances from the bottom 25 of the body of the metering device 8. On a solid burnout Fixing devices 26 are fixed to the enclosure, allowing the partition to be installed at different distances from the bottom 25 of the metering device housing 8. On the end 27 and lateral 28 walls of the metering device housing 8 are diametrically opposite and guide plates 29 and guide plates 30 are fixed along their vertical axial lines (Fig. 2). A number of conical recesses 31 are made in the guide plates 30 along their axial lines. To attach the metering device housing 8 using flexible suspensions 7 to the hopper 2 in the lower part, the brackets 32 are welded to the side walls 28 and the bottom of the housing 25.

In the solid partition 24 under the guide plates 29 and the guide pads 30, cutouts 33 and 34 are made (FIG. 3). Along the large axial line of the lining 24, two holes 35 are drilled symmetrically relative to its small axial line, into which the tips are mounted in the form of tubes 23, and holes 36 are drilled symmetrically relative to the cutouts 34 for fastening the fixing device 26.

The fixing device 26 (Fig. 4) makes it possible to install a continuous partition 24 at different distances from the bottom 25 of the metering device body, thereby controlling the seed level in the oscillating metering device 8. This adjustment takes into account the differences in the seeds of cultivated crops. The locking device includes a sleeve 37, in which the latch 38 is mounted with a spring 39, and a cover 40 worn on the sleeve 37. The locking device is fixedly mounted on the plate 41. One end of the sleeve 37 ends with a bottom with a hole made in diameter of the latch 38. The latch 38 represents a rod, one end of which is grooved under the cone 42. A belt 43 is provided on the latch 38 near the cone 42. The belt 43 rests the latch 38 against the bottom of the sleeve 37. An opening 44 is provided at the other end of the latch 38. The latch 38 together with the spring 39 placed in the sleeve 37, with one end of the spring 39 resting on the belt 43 of the latch 38, and the other in the cover 40, worn on the sleeve 37. The cone 42 of the latch 38 extends beyond the bottom of the sleeve 37 and is held in this position by the spring 39. If to move the latch 38 along the sleeve 37, then the belt 43 will compress the spring 39, and the cone 42 of the latch 38 will be buried in the sleeve 37. The fixing device 26 complete with the plate 41 is fixed to the solid partition with 24 screws. For this, holes 45 are provided in the plate 41, and holes 36 are provided in the solid partition (Fig. 3).

To fix the cover 40 on the sleeve 37, a pin 46 is installed on the surface of the latter, and grooves are made on the cover 40: longitudinal elongated 47 and short — 48 (Fig. 5). Both grooves are connected by a transverse groove 49. To install the cover 40 on the sleeve 3, it is necessary to align the pin 46 with the elongated longitudinal groove 47, press the cover 40, overcoming the resistance of the spring 39 until it is possible to turn the latter and insert the pin 46 of the sleeve 37 into a short longitudinal groove 48. Having released the cover 40, the pin 46 will fix it relative to the sleeve 37. Remove the cover 40 from the sleeve 37 in the reverse sequence.

The working process of the sowing apparatus of the seeder proceeds as follows.

Before starting the sowing apparatus, it is necessary to correctly install and fix the solid partition 24 in the desired position, which will determine the level of seeds in the oscillating sowing device, depending on their features. To do this, specially prepared rods are inserted into the holes 44 of both latches 38, selected by the diameter of these holes, and push them together until the cones 42 of the latches 38 come out of the conical recesses 31 of the guide plates 30.

The guide plates 29 and pads 30 move the solid baffle 24 up and down only parallel to the bottom 25 of the metering body 8. Corrugated rubber hoses 22 connecting the solid baffle 24 to the lower neck 19 of the hopper 2 do not interfere with such movements. In the right place, the latches 38 are released so that their cones 42 enter the new recesses 31 of the guide plates 30, and the rods that were used to compress the springs 39 are removed. After that, the seeds are poured into the hopper 2, which, due to their flowability, enters the lower neck 19 and is divided by two gable visors into two streams. Each of these flows through the windows made in the walls of the lower neck 19 of the hopper 2, the tips 21 attached to these walls, enter the corrugated rubber hoses 22 and then through the tips in the form of tubes 23 into the internal cavity of the metering device 8. When the drive 10 is turned on sowing device 8 due to its fluctuations will align the seed. A correctly selected level of seeds will ensure their uniform loosening and, having acquired sufficient flowability, through the sowing holes of the sowing device 8, the tips of the seed tubes 9 and the seed tubes (not shown in the diagram) will enter the grooves formed by the coulters and be covered with soil. The seed level in the sowing device 8 will be kept constant due to their receipt from the hopper 2. A possible increase in the selected seed level in the sowing device 8 is excluded. This is because the incoming seeds from the tips in the form of tubes 23, mounted in a solid partition 24, oscillate with the same frequency as the seeds in contact with them, but already in the sowing device 8. A constant seed level, determined by the position of the solid partition 24, will ensure their uniform flow rate through the sowing holes and in cases of longitudinal-transverse vibrations of the seeder frame caused by uneven topography of the sown field.

The proposed vibratory sowing apparatus due to a design change will increase its versatility with high quality seeding, taking into account their characteristics and maintain its stability during the entire work of the seeder.

Claims (1)

The seeder sowing device, including a hopper mounted on the frame, a rectangular sowing device suspended from below on flexible pendants with the tips of the vas deferens and a drive for its vibrations, the hopper neck located inside the sowing device and its bottom is a gable visor, and in the neck walls are on the side Windows are made of the slopes of the visor and tips are attached to them, while under the neck of the hopper and parallel to the bottom of the sowing device, it is installed completely in relation to its walls a nasal septum in which tubular tips are fixed, connected with the tips of the neck of the hopper by hoses, characterized in that the end plates and plates are attached diametrically opposite to the end and side walls of the sowing device and along their vertical axial lines, and in a continuous baffle, their sizes are made cutouts, and along the guide plates a number of conical recesses are made, and on a continuous partition opposite the guide plates and symmetrically to the cutouts Lena four holes for fastening it to the locking devices and two holes - for terminals in the form of tubes, the ends of which are connected with the hopper throat lugs rubber corrugated hoses.

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