RU2527416C2 - Bumper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Bumper comprises resilient damping cable element, bearing element and separating element as well as fasteners. Said resilient damping cable element is composed by several interconnected separate cable dampers. Separating elements have cylindrical ledges. Inner cylindrical part of cylindrical ledges makes the guide for resilient element, a helical spring. Outer part of cylindrical ledges to make a barrier to prevent the resilient damping element steel cable hook contact with spring turns. Damper is composed of several interconnected helical similar and concentric springs.

EFFECT: universal design, stable and reliable operation at actuating forces and moments.

2 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means of protection against shock and vibration, and in particular to the suspension of vehicles and other objects of technology.

Shock-vibration protection devices include car suspensions, tractors, rail trolleys, trolleybuses, etc.

Known spring-rope vibration isolation device [RF patent No. 2341704, class. F16F 7/14], containing support elements with loop-holding means, an elastic element made in the form of a twisted compression spring, an elastic-damping rope element connecting the supporting elements by alternately weaving with the formation of loops with fixation in the loop-holding elements.

Significant disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the limited stroke (slight, small flexibility) of the spring of 20-50 mm, i.e. 3.6-2.3 Hz, as well as insufficient damping efficiency of a quenching device - an elastic-damping rope element. Such a technical solution for transport suspensions (cars, tractors, etc.) cannot be used.

Also known shock absorber [RF patent No. 2383795], containing an elastic, cascading elastic damping rope, support and dividing elements and fasteners (prototype).

Significant disadvantages of shock absorber are:

1. Insufficient spring travel.

2. Insufficient stability and reliability of the spring.

3. Lack of versatility. The technical results of the invention are:

1. Free travel of the spring 250-316 mm, ie 1-0.9 Hz.

2. The stability and reliability of the spring under the action of coercive forces along the axes of coordinates and moments around the axes when moving a vehicle, such as a car.

3. The versatility of shock absorber.

The listed technical result is achieved by the fact that:

1. The dividing elements of the shock absorber are made with cylindrical protrusions, the inner cylindrical part of which serves as the guide of the elastic element - the coil spring, and the outer part is a barrier preventing the contact of the loop - the hook of the steel rope of the elastic damping element with the coil of the spring.

2. The elastic element is made of several series-connected cylindrical uniform and concentric springs.

3. Springs are made with different diameters of wires, number and pitch of turns.

4. Sequentially connected individual vibration isolators in a group allow the possibility of their use as an independent (separate) vibration isolator or as a separate rope-spring vibration isolator.

The possibility of installing a sufficiently long spring in the shock absorber provides a significant free movement, therefore, a low natural frequency (below 1 Hz) and high impact shock insulation.

The serial connection of individual rope vibration isolators, the supporting elements of which are made with cylindrical protrusions, together form a multistage guide spring, provide stability and reliability of the spring for compression, shear and angular deviations.

The possibility of using several series-connected cylindrical single and concentric springs with different wire diameters, number and pitch of turns provides multi-frequency, shock and vibration protection efficiency in a wide range of frequencies.

These features of shock absorber provide a significant amount of free play, high stability and reliability, as well as its versatility.

The technical solution is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-11. They have the following notation:

1, 2, 3 - lower, intermediate and upper cascade rope vibration isolators (Fig.1-3);

4 - the elastic element of the shock absorber (Fig.1-3);

5, 6 - external support elements of rope vibration isolators 1 and 3;

7, 8 - internal clamping elements of the outer supporting elements 5, 6; 9, 10, 12, 15 - external elements of vibration isolators 3, 1, 2 (Figs. 1, 3); 11, 13, 14, 16 - internal clamping elements of the outer elements 9, 10, 12, 15 (Fig.1-3);

17-22 - fastening means of the elements 6 and 8, 9 and 11, 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 10 and 12, 5 and 7;

23, 24 - fastening means of cable vibration isolators 1 and 2, 2 and 3; 25 - intermediate support (figure 1),

B, C, D, E - means for attaching shock absorber to a vibration-insulated object and frame or base (Fig.1-3);

F - cylindrical protrusions (figures 1-11);

G is a cylindrical girdle (figure 1).

In Fig. 1, a shock absorber is presented with an elastic element 4 in the form of at least two cylindrical compression springs, which are connected in series with an intermediate support 25 to a cylindrical girdle G. The springs can be the same or different in characteristics (wire diameter, spring diameter , pitch, etc.). These features provide shock protection in a wide range of frequencies.

Figure 2 shock absorber is presented with an elastic element 4 in the form of at least two concentric springs.

Figure 3 shock absorber is presented with an elastic element 4 in the form of a single spring.

Figure 4-11 presents examples of various variants of cable vibration isolators 1-3.

Figure 4-9 presents various options for cable vibration isolators 1 and 3.

In figure 4, 5, the supporting element 6 is made in the form of a round flange, where half of the fastening means 18 through one is used to install and fasten the hinges - hooks of the steel rope. The other half is used only for pressing the rope between the supporting 6 and the inner clamping 8 elements (figure 4).

In Fig.6, 7, the supporting element 6 is made in the form of a rectangular flange, where all fastening means 18 are used to install and fasten the hinges - hooks of the steel rope. This option provides significant damping of the shock absorber. In addition, since the number of wire rods is increasing here, the bearing capacity, stability, reliability and durability of shock absorber are also increasing. It is important to note that the overall dimensions remain unchanged.

On Fig, 9, the supporting element 6 is made in the form of a mounting flange with a diameter equal to the diameters of the outer 9 and inner clamping 11 elements.

Figure 10, 11 presents a view of a longitudinal section (figure 10) and a top view (figure 11) of the rope vibration absorber 2 (figure 1-3).

It should be noted that the shock absorber allows the following options:

shock absorber with a buffer provided on the supporting elements 5, 6 (Fig.1-3) from the inside;

shock-absorbing insulator with weaving of working rope elements of vibration insulators 1-3 with a steel rope;

shock vibration insulator as an active support, that is, vulcanization, of cable vibration isolators with the formation of a controlled pneumatic balloon;

shock absorber with supporting elements 5, 6 from composite material.

A shock absorber, for example, as a vehicle suspension works as follows.

When the wheels of a car hit a roughness of the road, the elastic element 4 (Figs. 1-3) of the shock absorber is compressed, significantly softening the shock transmitted from the wheels to the body. Unclenching, the elastic element 4 tells the body oscillations. The selection of the elastic element 4 can give the desired character to these vibrations. In addition, it is important to note that the shock absorber provides the ability to achieve the necessary characteristics by using the design options presented in figure 1, 2, 3.

Moreover, the design of the shock absorber can also be adjusted by installing the appropriate adjusting washers between the spring (s) 4 and the corresponding elements 7, 8, 25 (Figs. 1-3).

The elastic element 4 allows to exclude the copying of the profile of road irregularities by the body and to improve the smoothness of the car. This creates the possibility of movement without discomfort and rapid fatigue of people and damage to goods carried.

When the car moves as a result of wheel collisions on rough roads, body and wheel vibrations occur. These vibrations are damped using a cascade 1, 2, 3 elastic-damping rope element (Fig.1-3).

The principle of operation of damping elements 1, 2, 3 is reduced to the conversion of the mechanical vibrational energy due to friction of the wire strands or weaving (the main and additional damping rope elements) or the presence of vulcanization into thermal energy and its subsequent dissipation. As a result of these frictions, vibration damping is ensured.

The inner holes of the outer 9, 10, 12, 15 and inner clamping elements 11, 13, 14, 16 elements together form cylinders, the surfaces of which serve as guides of the springs. This design feature of the invention, in contrast to the prototype [2] provides the possibility of using compression springs with a ratio of height to diameter of the spring equal to more than five.

Therefore, the use of flexible long compression springs with a large free stroke in the shock absorber allows for a natural frequency of about 1 Hz and effective shock and vibration isolation.

The proposed shock absorber belongs to the new generation of universal, highly efficient, reliable and durable both passive and active (with automatic stiffness control - the option of using a pneumatic balloon) shock absorbers.

An analysis of well-known technical solutions in this field and in related industries shows that such shock absorber designs with the indicated features, advantages and distinguishing features are not available.

Claims (2)

1. An shock-absorbing insulator containing an elastic, elastic-damping rope, supporting and dividing elements, fastening means, characterized in that the cascading elastic-damping rope element is made in the form of a group of series-connected separate rope vibration dampers, the dividing elements are made with cylindrical protrusions, the inner cylindrical part of which serves as an elastic guide element - a coil spring, and the outer part is a barrier to preventing contact of the loop - the hook has become Nogo rope elastic-damping element with the turns of the spring, wherein the elastic member is formed of several series-connected cylindrical homogeneous and concentric springs. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the springs of said elastic element are made with different wire diameters, number and pitch of turns.

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