RU2526030C2 - Device for separation of plastic bar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials. Proposed device comprises cutter with cutting string and flat chamfering devices with their rib facing the bar. Said device are arranged in pairs on bar sides, first chamfering devices of every pair being located on one conditional plane across the bar. Second chamfering devices of every pair are located in second conditional crosswise plane while spacing between said planes equals the diameter of string displacing therein. All chamfering devices are located to displace simultaneously across the bar to the position of compression of chamfering devices in one crosswise plane and backward. Merit consists in that chamfering devices are L-shaped to make internal angle face the bar. Chamfering surfaces are made on both sides of said angle. Note here that joint points between chamfering devices are located at bar side mid part.

EFFECT: higher quality of articles.

6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the production of building materials, namely piece ceramic products in the form of a parallelepiped, obtained by cutting a plastic beam.

State of the art

A device for cutting a plastic beam (see patent 2411121, IPC: B28B 11/14, publ. 02/10/2011), containing a cutting mechanism with a cutting string and a carriage with a cam mechanism for its reciprocating movement, consistent with the speed of movement of the beam. The disadvantages of the known device include education as a result of cutting sharp edges and burrs on the finished product.

To exclude the latter and improve the quality of products, cutting devices are equipped with chamfers. In the process of chamfering, the edges of the product are compacted, as a result of which the products are more resistant to damage and moisture absorption, have a more aesthetic appearance, which makes them more popular in construction.

A device for cutting a plastic beam is known (see patent SU 1046100, IPC: B28B 11/14, publ. 07.10.83), containing kinematically connected to each other a device for receiving a plastic beam, made in the form of four drums with wedge-shaped knives, providing formation grooves on the outer surface of the beam, overtaking conveyor and working body with cutting strings dividing the beam along the midline of the grooves.

A known machine for the manufacture of piece ceramic products in plastic molding (patent SU 1791135, IPC: B28B 11/16, publ. 30.01.93), containing a belt conveyor mounted on a frame connected to the mouthpiece of an extrusion press, a single-beam beam for cutting a beam, a synchronization device their movements and the block of the brusozatsep in the form of drums with knives that grab the beam around the perimeter, forming grooves for future chamfers, and transfer it to the conveyor belt for subsequent cutting.

In both of the aforementioned analogues, the chamfering and cutting operations of the beam are spaced along the length of the conveyor moving the beam. The disadvantages of such devices, in which they initially chamfer with a monolithic chamfer, immediately into two products, followed by cutting and with the movement of the beam between the above operations, include very high requirements for the synchronization of equipment operation and the accuracy of positioning of the beam relative to the cutting tool. At the slightest discrepancy between the cutting plane and the middle line of the groove formed by the monolithic chamfer, burrs are formed on the separated workpieces - protruding sharp edges, which then have to be cleaned by hand. In addition, the chips generated during the cutting process adhere to the surface of the product on already formed chamfers, thereby impairing its presentation.

A known machine for cutting and chamfering in the process of manufacturing ceramic products (see patent ES 2288402, IPC: B28B 11/16, publ. 01.01.2008), in which at the same time, in one stroke of the working tool, the workpiece is cut from the beam and formed on bevels along the length of the product. Rotating disks - blocks carrying a cutting string act as chamfering agents.

A device is known for cutting a bar from plastic, for example clay masses (see patent SU 300330, IPC: B28B 11/14, publ. 04/07/71), containing a cutting mechanism in the form of a movable beam with a cutting string, with a beam shaft pivotally connected a carriage that makes vertical reciprocating movements relative to the beam, carrying racks with rollers, in the frame of the beam parallel to the string, a wedge-shaped bar is strengthened. During the cutting process, when the beam is turned along with the cutting of the beam, the carriage rises, the rollers of which form side bevels on the cut workpiece, and at the end of the cutting process, the wedge-shaped bar chamfers the upper edge of the product.

As the closest analogue to the claimed technical solution, by the presence of similar essential features, a device has been adopted for separating a plastic clay bar with a notch device operating on all sides (see patent RU 2397864, IPC: B28B 11/08, published on 08.27.2010 .). Similar features with the claimed technical solution are as follows: the presence of a cutting mechanism with a cutting string, the presence of flat chamfers facing the beam with an edge (notched strips). Chamfers are placed on the sides of the beam in pairs with the location of the first chamfers of each pair in one conditional transverse plane, the location of the second chamfers of each pair in the second conditional transverse plane and the gap between the planes corresponding to the diameter of the cutting string moving in it. All chamfering machines are installed with the possibility of simultaneous lateral movement to the beam in the compression position with the joint of chamfering machines lying in one transverse plane, and vice versa.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the low quality of the angular zones of the formed product, which is due to the use of direct chamfering strips with their joining at the corners of the beam, where excess material is extruded during the formation of chamfers and chips during the cutting process. However, the appearance and quality of the corners is decisive when using building products and the aesthetic assessment of buildings formed from these products.

Disclosure of invention

The basis of the present invention is the task of improving the quality of products. The technical result achieved by using the present invention is to improve the quality of products by increasing the density and strength of the corner zones of the workpiece, forming a clearer contour of the product in the corner zones.

The problem is solved by improving the device for separating a plastic beam containing a cutting mechanism with a cutting string and flat chamfers facing the bar with an edge with a chamfer surface and placed pairwise on the sides of the bar, with the first chamfers of each pair located in one conditional transverse plane, location second chamfers of each pair in the second conditional transverse plane and the gap between the said planes corresponding to the diameter of the eschayuscheysya cutting string therein, all faskoobrazovateli mounted for simultaneous movement transverse to the beam in position with docking compression faskoobrazovateley lying in one transverse plane, and vice versa.

The mentioned improvements consist in the fact that the chamfers are made in the L-shaped form and face the beam with an internal angle, on which both sides are chamfered, and the junction of the chamfers lying in one transverse plane is made in the middle part of the sides of the timber.

Due to its L-shaped form, the chamfering agents ensure the formation of a clear contour along the corners of the product, obtaining increased density and strength of the product in the corner zones. Placing the joining points of the chamfer in the middle part of the edges of the beam contributes to the fact that the extrusion of excess material and chip output is possible only in the middle part of the faces of the formed product. However, these places correspond to the seams during dressing of products in the masonry, therefore possible disadvantages due to the seam are almost imperceptible and do not significantly affect the appearance of the formed structure.

Thus, the combination of distinctive features of the claimed device provides high-quality products having an aesthetic appearance.

The process of chamfering is combined with the process of cutting the product, with the chamfer being in the squeezing position of the beam until the end of the cutting process and the cutting string leaves the beam, which eliminates the possibility of the chamfer being displaced relative to the cutting surface and is also aimed at improving the quality of the finished product. To this end, to coordinate the operation of the cutting and chamfering mechanisms, the device is equipped with a position sensor for the cutting string, which controls the movement of the chamfering devices and ensures that the said actuators are triggered at the moment the cutting string is in the middle of the beam and returns to its original position according to the output signal of the cutting string from the beam.

On the mating surface of the chamfer, it is advisable to make bevels for the possibility of chip output.

The design of the proposed device, in the General case, allows you to install four pairs of L-shaped chamfering, covering the beam in the compression position along the perimeter, which ensures the formation of chamfers on all four sides of the cut workpiece. However, when using finished products in construction, there is only one, usually the spoon-shaped face of the product acts as the front side facing the front side of the building, less often this is the bonded face. The wide edges of the brick - the bed - serve to link the products in the masonry, mortar is laid on them.

In connection with the foregoing, it is economically more expedient to form chamfers on only one of the spoon faces of the workpiece, since the product in the process of forming masonry can always be deployed with the right side. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the inventive device contains only two pairs of L-shaped chamfers, placed on opposite sides of the beam and made with the possibility of covering the beam in a compression position on three sides with the joint of the chamfer lying in one transverse plane, in the middle part of the wide edge of the beam .

In this case, one of the chamfering shelves is performed with a length sufficient to form a chamfering surface on it corresponding to the height of the beam. The second chamfering shelves are made with a length corresponding to half the beam width, which ensures their joining in the compression position of the beam in the middle of a wide face. The result is the formation of chamfers on one spoon and both bonded faces of the formed workpiece. The junction of the chamfering agents falls in the middle of the spoon-shaped face of the product, which corresponds to the seam when dressing the products in the masonry, therefore the defects that appear at this place (squeezed shavings or the like) due to the seam are practically invisible and do not significantly affect the appearance of the structure being formed.

In this case, the number of movable elements (chamfers) and their drives is halved, which can significantly simplify the device.

The chamfering drive drives in all cases ensure their plane-parallel movement in the transverse beam of the plane.

Chamfering machines can have an individual displacement drive.

However, it is more expedient to equip each pair of chamfering units with a single displacement drive, preferably made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder.

The cutting mechanism and chamfering machines with drives are mounted on a movable carriage making reciprocating movements consistent with the speed of the beam.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The design and operation of the proposed device for the separation of plastic beams is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - device, front view;

figure 2 is the same, a top view with a partial section;

figure 3 is a section aa from figure 2;

figure 4 is a section bB with figure 2;

figure 5 - chamfer in two forms;

figure 6 - schematically shows the operation of the device, top view;

Fig.7 is a cross section of the device of Fig.6 horizontal plane;

on Fig - section bb of Fig.6, chamfer in the compression position;

figure 9 - shows the freed position of the chamfer at the end of the cutting process, the cutting string is located in the highest position above the beam;

figure 10 is the same, the cutting string in its lowest position under the beam.

The implementation of the invention

A device for separating a plastic beam (see Figs. 1-3) comprises a carriage 1 carrying a cutting mechanism with a cutting string 2 and two pairs of L-shaped chamfers 3 placed in the grooves of the carriage 1 and connected to it by a system of levers 4. Chamfers of one the pairs have a common displacement drive, made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder 5, pivotally mounted on the carriage 1.

The chamfer 3 is (see FIGS. 4-5) a flat L-shaped part, on the shelves of which, on the side of the inner corner, chamfering surfaces 6 and 7 are made in the form of bevels along the thickness of the part. From the side of the connecting surface 8 of the chamfer 3, a bevel 9 is made for the possibility of chip output. For connection with the carriage 1, eyelets 10 are formed on one of the chamfering shelves. Hole 11 is used to install an axis 12 connecting a pair of chamfering units to the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 5.

The device operates as follows.

A plastic beam 13 from the mouthpiece of the press is fed into the window of the carriage 1, which performs a reciprocating movement, coordinated by means of a command device 14 with the speed of the beam 13 (see Fig.6). The beam with the cutting string 2 pulled in it makes a complex movement in the vertical plane perpendicular to the moving beam 13, cutting off the brick blank 15 during the downward and upward stroke.

Pairs of chamfering agents 3 are placed on different sides relative to the beam 13 moving between them, opposite each other. Moreover, the first chamfers of each pair (Ф ' ₁ and Ф' ₂ ) are located in one conditional transverse beam of the plane Z ₁ . The second chamfering pairs (Ф '' ₁ and Ф '' ₂ ) are placed in the second conditional transverse beam of the plane Z ₂ . In the gap 16 between the said planes, the cutting string 2 is arranged to move, and the size of the gap 16 corresponds to the diameter of the string 2 (see Fig. 7).

At the time of cutting (up or down) with the position of the string 2 in the middle of the beam 13, a signal is sent to the control electromagnet of the air distributor of the pneumatic cylinders 5 from the cutting string position sensor (not shown), their rods are extended and the chamfer 3 are pressed into the beam 13 (see Fig. 8 and FIG. 4, position I). In this case, the chamfering tools lying in the same conditional transverse plane (Z ₁ , Z ₂ ) are joined together in the middle part of the wide edge of the beam 13. When compressed, two bevels are simultaneously formed on the surface of the beam into two adjacent products separated by cutting string 2.

In the process of cutting, the chamfer 3 compresses the beam 13, eliminating the possibility of displacement of the chamfer relative to the surface of the cut, while ensuring high quality of the formed product. The L-shaped form of the chamfer and their joining in the middle of the timber ensure high quality of the corner zones of the workpiece.

At the end of the cut, when the string 2 exits the beam, the air distributor switches, and the chamfer 3 returns to its original position, moving some distance from the beam, providing a clay beam for the next cut (see Figs. 9, 10 and 4, position II )

During the full cycle of movement of the cutting string 2 is the cutting of two bricks of brick, while the work of the chamfer 3 is repeated for each cut. Chamfers 17 on one billet 15 of the brick are formed in two successive cycles of compression of the beam: first on one, then on the other side of the workpiece 15.

The given example illustrates the claimed technical solution, but does not limit the possibilities of its use in other devices, for example, in a device using four pairs of L-shaped chamfers installed around the beam. In this case, each pair is connected with its own drive, providing plane-parallel movement of the chamfer in the transverse beam of the plane.

Claims (6)

1. A device for separating a plastic beam, comprising a cutting mechanism with a cutting string and flat chamfer facing the beam, placed side by side on the side of the beam in pairs with the first chamfer of each pair in the same transverse plane of the plane, the second chamfer of each pair in the second conditional transverse to the beam of the plane and the gap between the said planes, corresponding to the diameter of the cutting string moving in it, all faceters are installed with the possible the simultaneous transverse movement to the beam in the compression position with the joint of the chamfering agents lying in the same transverse plane, and vice versa, characterized in that the chamfering machines are L-shaped and face the beam with an internal angle, on which both sides are chamfered, joining chamfering made in the middle part of the sides of the timber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a position sensor for the cutting string, which controls the movement of the chamfer and actuates the aforementioned drives at the moment of position of the cutting string in the middle of the beam and their return to their original position according to the output signal of the cutting string from the beam. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bevels are made on the connecting surface of the chamfer for the possibility of chip output. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the L-shaped chamfers are grouped in two pairs, placed on opposite sides of the beam and made to cover the beam in a compression position on three sides with the joint of the chamfering tools lying in one transverse plane, in the middle part of the broad face. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamfering one pair have a common displacement drive, made on the basis of a pneumatic cylinder. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting mechanism and the chamfer with the drives are mounted on a movable carriage making reciprocating movements consistent with the speed of the beam.

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