RU2523612C1 - Laser pointer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: laser pointer has a laser pointing channel, electronic equipment for controlling laser power (energy) of the laser pointing channel and a laser range-finding channel. The laser pointing and range-finding channels are designed such that the axes of laser beams are parallel to each other. The output of the laser range-finding channel is connected to the input of the electronic equipment for controlling laser power (energy) of the laser pointing channel. The output of the electronic equipment for controlling laser power (energy) of the laser pointing channel is connected to the input of the laser pointing channel.

EFFECT: electronic equipment for controlling laser power of the laser pointing channel, when processing a signal coming from the laser range-finding channel, enables to satisfy certain conditions: power density of laser radiation in the area of the irradiated object does not exceed a level which might be harmful for a person.

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Description

The invention relates to apparatus for laser target designation and ranging.

Known laser designators [Volkov V.G. Laser illuminators and target indicators for night vision devices // Special equipment, 2002. No. 2. C.2], in which a laser beam is formed, directed to the object. A laser spot on the background of the object is observed through a night vision device, using an observational optical device, or visually.

Varieties of this device are laser pointers [RF Patent No. 107867 MKI G02B 27/20, publication date 08/27/2011], laser transmitters for small arms [RF Patent No. 2126125 MKI F41A 33/02, publication date 02/10/1999] and target indicators (called also illuminators) for guidance of controlled devices [RF Patent No. 2269093, IPC G01C 3/00, publication date 01/27/2006]. The above devices ensure the formation of laser radiation spots in the plane of the object, the differences between the devices are in the types and parameters of the lasers used, as well as in the circuit construction and design of the equipment.

The closest analogue to the claimed solution is a laser wharf illumination and ranging station [Russian Arms and Technologies. Encyclopedia. XXI Century. Volume XI. Optoelectronic systems and laser technology. M .: Arms and Technologies Publishing House. 2005. P.323]. This station is designed for laser illumination of targets for guiding controlled devices and measuring range to targets and has channels: a laser rangefinder and a laser illuminator. The concept of "channel" defines a functional device that provides certain functions, in this case, respectively, distance measurement and target designation. Each channel includes a laser (it can be common to two channels), a photodetector (in the rangefinder channel), optical elements, power supplies, and other nodes.

It is known that laser radiation is a factor harmful and dangerous to humans [GOST 12.1.040-83. Laser safety. General Provisions], regulatory documents set the maximum permissible levels (PDU) of laser radiation when exposed to the eyes and skin of a person. In Russia, such a document is [Sanitary standards and rules for the design and operation of lasers, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR 07/31/1991, No. 5804-91]. The value of the remote control, depending on the wavelength of the radiation and the operating mode of the laser, is defined as the power density (for continuous laser radiation or pulsed laser radiation with a pulse duration of less than 10 ^-9 s) or the energy density (for pulsed laser radiation with a pulse duration of more than 10 ^{- 9} c) in the zone of possible exposure to laser radiation on humans.

When operating a laser illumination and ranging station, as well as other systems in which laser beams are formed that are aimed at objects, it is possible that the person in the area of the irradiated object can be exposed to laser radiation.

The task to which the invention is directed is to automatically adjust the power (energy) level of the laser target indicator depending on the distance to the target at which the laser beam is directed.

The technical result consists in maintaining in the area of the irradiated object a power density (energy) of laser radiation not exceeding the remote control, to ensure the safety of people if they are in the specified area.

The specified technical result is achieved using a laser pointer, containing a laser target designation channel, electronic equipment for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel and a laser ranging channel. The channels of laser target designation and ranging are constructed in such a way that the axes of the laser beams are parallel to each other. The output of the laser ranging laser channel is connected to the input of the electronic equipment for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel. The output of the electronic equipment for controlling the power / energy of the laser laser target designation channel is connected to the input of the laser target designation channel. When processing the signal received from the laser ranging channel, electronic equipment for controlling the laser power / laser energy of the laser targeting channel ensures that the conditions in the zone of the irradiated object are satisfied: for continuous laser radiation or pulsed laser studies with a pulse duration of less than 10 ^-9 s, the maximum value of the laser power density radiation channel laser target designation does not exceed the maximum permissible level of power density of laser radiation, and for pulsed laser study at a pulse duration of more than 10 ^-9 s, the maximum value of the energy density of laser radiation of the laser targeting channel does not exceed the maximum permissible level of laser energy density.

As is known from the prior art, each channel includes a laser (it can be common to two channels), a photodetector (in the ranging channel), optical elements, power supplies and other nodes.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of the device, figure 2 explains the formation of a beam of laser radiation.

The laser target indicator (Fig. 1) contains a laser target designation channel 1, electronic equipment 2 for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel, and a laser ranging channel 3. The laser target designation channels 1 and ranging 3 are structurally designed so that the axes of the laser beams are parallel to each other . The output of the laser ranging channel 3 is connected to the input of the electronic equipment 2 for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel. The output of the electronic equipment 2 for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel, which provides the necessary power of the laser target designation channel 1 at its output, depending on the distance to the object L measured by the ranging channel 3. The output of the electronic equipment 2 for controlling the laser power / energy of the laser target designation channel connected to the input of the laser target designation channel 1.

In Fig.2, the dashed lines show the boundaries of the laser beam of the laser targeting channel 1, the hatching shows the cross sections of the radiation beam at the output of the specified channel, as well as in the area of the irradiated object. By the zone of the irradiated object is meant a plane perpendicular to the axis of the beam of the laser target designation channel and in contact with the object's nearest point.

As an example, we can consider the axisymmetric and uniform distribution of the power density of laser radiation over the beam cross section. Typically, the linear dimensions of the cross section of the laser beam in the area of the irradiated object (coordinates x ', y') significantly exceed the dimensions of the cross section of the beam at the output of the target (coordinates x, y).

In this case: $${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{about}b}{}_{.}\cong \frac{P_c\cdot k_{\mathrm{but}tm.}}{\pi \cdot L^2\cdot {(tg\frac{\alpha }{2})}^2},\text{(one)}$$

- усредненная по сечению пучка плотность мощности лазерного излучения в зоне облучаемого объекта;Where $${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{about}b.}$$

- averaged over the beam cross section the power density of the laser radiation in the area of the irradiated object;

P _c - the power of laser radiation at the output of the laser target designation channel;

L is the distance from the target to the zone of the irradiated object;

K _atm. - attenuation coefficient of laser radiation by the atmosphere layer;

α is the divergence of the laser beam.

Information about the value of the parameter k _atm. can be obtained by visual assessment, using a device for measuring visibility, or in another way [VV Sharonov Observation and visibility. M .: Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense. 1953].

From the formula (1) it is obvious that in the presence of information o L, α and k _atm. the power density of laser radiation in the area of the irradiated object can be uniquely determined.

The distribution of the power density of the laser radiation over the beam cross section can be non-axisymmetric and inhomogeneous, while the generalized formula is valid:

$${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{about}b.m\mathrm{but}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{from}.}\cong \frac{P_c\cdot k_{\mathrm{but}tm.}\cdot k_n}{S(L)},\text{(2)}$$

where p _rev.max. - the maximum power density of laser radiation in the area of the irradiated object;

k _n is the coefficient of heterogeneity of the power density of the laser radiation over the beam cross section;

S (L) is the cross-sectional area of the laser beam in the area of the irradiated object.

For a specific laser designator, the parameter k _n and the functional dependence S (L) are a priori known; therefore, the parameter p _vol.max can be calculated _.

и p_{об.макс.} могут быть заменены на аналогичные параметры для энергии и плотностей энергии лазерного излучения.Obviously, in formulas (1, 2) the parameters P _c , $${\overline{p}}_{\mathrm{about}b.}$$

and p _rev.max. can be replaced by similar parameters for the energy and energy density of the laser radiation.

Information on S (L), k _atm is entered into the electronic equipment for controlling the power (energy) of the laser of the laser target designation channel in the form of electrical signals _. , k _n , and a signal proportional to L is received from the laser ranging metering channel. The indicated equipment automatically provides the calculation of the value of the parameter P _c , at which the condition

$${\text{p}}_{\text{about}\text{.Max}\text{.}}=p_{PD\mathrm{At}}\text{. (3)}$$

where r _PDU is the maximum permissible level of laser radiation power, determined in accordance with the Sanitary Standards and Rules for the Design and Operation of Lasers, approved on July 31, 1991, No. 5804-91.

As a result of calculations by formulas (2, 3) in the electronic equipment for controlling the power (energy) of the laser of the laser target designation channel, the value of R _{c is established} , limiting the radiation power of the laser of the laser target designation channel.

If, when calculated using formulas (2, 3), the value of the laser radiation power exceeds the maximum value determined by the laser parameters, then condition (3) will take the form:

$${\text{p}}_{\text{about}\text{.Max}\text{.}}\le p_{PD\mathrm{At}},\text{(four)}$$

As a laser target designation channel, for example, a laser target designator-rangefinder can be used. The laser ranging channel, in which the laser energy density during operation does not exceed the remote control, is considered, for example, in the article [A. Abramov and others. Development of laser rangefinders-binoculars at the Krasnogorsk plant them. S.A. Zvereva // Optical journal, 2009. No. 8. S.18-19]. The electronic equipment for controlling the power (energy) of the laser of the laser target designation channel can be implemented on a standard electronic element base.

Laser designator operates as follows. After selecting the object, which is supposed to direct the laser beam, the laser ranging channel is turned on and the distance to the object is measured. The object can be selected visually, or using an optical observing device. The electric signal from the laser ranging channel, which enters the electronic equipment for controlling the power (energy) of the laser target designation channel, sets the level of maximum laser radiation power. After that, the laser included in the laser target designation channel is turned on, and a laser radiation spot is formed on the object. In this case, the power density (energy) of laser radiation in the area of the irradiated object will not exceed the level at which harmful and dangerous effects of laser radiation on a person are possible.

Thus, as a result of the proposed solution, the task of adjusting the power level of the laser target indicator is solved depending on the distance to the object, which results in a technical result — maintaining in the zone of the irradiated object a laser radiation power (energy) density that does not exceed the remote control, while ensuring the safety of people if they are in the specified zone.

Claims (1)

A laser pointer containing laser targeting and laser ranging channels, characterized in that electronic control equipment is inserted into it, the laser targeting and ranging channels being structurally designed so that the axes of the laser beam are parallel to each other, the output of the laser ranging channel is connected to the electronic input control equipment, and the output of electronic control equipment is connected to the input of the laser target designation channel, in addition, electronically control equipment, when processing the signal from the laser ranging channel, the following conditions are ensured in the zone of the irradiated object: for continuous laser radiation or pulsed laser radiation with a pulse duration of less than 10 ^-9 s, the maximum value of the laser radiation power density of the laser targeting channel does not exceed the maximum permissible level of laser radiation power density, and for pulsed laser radiation with a pulse duration of more than 10 ^-9 s the maximum the value of the laser radiation energy density of the laser target designation channel does not exceed the maximum permissible level of laser radiation energy density.

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