RU2521054C2 - Electromagnetic conversion of powder gas energy into mechanical force and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms. Proposed device comprises steel pipe with gas escape bore secured under fixed barrel, permanent magnet coated with wear resistant dielectric, return spring, diode, band of capacitors to be sectionalised, solenoid, electric conductors and armature. Ceramic plate is secured at magnet end face while winding is fitted on said pipe. Discharge of a portion of combustion gases via gas vent displaces the magnet to generate eddy currents which induce electric current in said winding to be fed via diode to capacitor bank and to solenoid winding for development of mechanical force for armature displacement.

EFFECT: mechanical force to be applied to arbitrary point.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of weapons technology and can be used in samples of automatic small arms.

In all models of small arms that are in practical use, two forces are used to operate the weapon mechanisms that arise after the explosion of gunpowder in a cartridge:

- power of bestowal,

- force, the source of which is the energy of powder gases.

In Makarov’s pistol (PM), the method by which the mechanisms of weapons work is based on the use of recoil force with a free shutter and a fixed barrel. The pressure of the powder gases that has arisen inside the cartridge after the shot pushes the bullet out of the barrel, pushing the cartridge case along with the bolt backwards. When the bolt moves backward, the sleeve is thrown out of the range of the weapon, and when the bolt moves forward under the action of the return spring, the PM is recharged. [12]

In the AN-94 “Abakan” submachine gun (designer G. Nikonov), the recoil force and the energy of the powder gases are used together for the operation of the weapon mechanisms [3], [4] When fired, the powder gases act on the bottom of the cartridge case and set the recoil momentum of the barrel a group that moves backward with a locked bore, compressing its return spring. A bullet, having passed a third of the bore, opens the gas hole of the barrel and passes powder gases into it, which act on the piston and retract the bolt frame with the shutter. The shutter frame with the shutter removes the cartridge from the magazine and, under the action of its return spring, performs reloading.

The closest to the proposed solution will be considered the method implemented in the Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK). (Eurasian patent No. 0020 of October 10, 1997). [5], [6] The method by which the mechanisms of weapons work is based on the use of the energy of powder gases, which are sent to the gas chamber through the gas outlet at the end of the fixed barrel. The pressure of the powder gases in the gas chamber drives a piston connected by means of a rod to the gate frame. The piston retracts the bolt frame, which ejects the sleeve, and when the bolt frame moves forward under the action of the return spring, the weapon is reloaded.

The recoil force and the force, the source of which is the energy of powder gases, have the following properties:

- recoil force coincides with the axial line of the barrel, is directed to the butt, and the point of application of this force is the cartridge, where the powder explosion occurs;

- the point of application of force, the source of which is the energy of powder gases, should be considered a gas outlet in the barrel wall, and this force is directed towards the butt parallel to the axis of the barrel.

Design decisions in the design of weapons mechanisms are strictly limited by the properties of these forces. The consequence of this is the presence in various models of weapons of a number of common shortcomings, which include, for example:

- the presence of the prototype and analogues of an external moving part;

- the presence of AN94 and AK under the barrel of a horn with cartridges, which creates inconvenience when shooting lying down; etc.

These shortcomings can be eliminated if additional forces are used to ensure the operation of weapon mechanisms, the points of application of which can be located inside the weapon body.

The objective of the invention is directed to the development of an electromagnetic method of converting the energy of powder gases into mechanical force, the application point of which inside the weapon body, the designer chooses independently, based on the adopted design decisions and a device for implementing this method.

The problem is solved by the proposed method, including the removal of part of the powder gases through the gas outlet at the end of the fixed barrel into the inlet in the steel tube, which leads to the displacement of the permanent magnet, while moving the magnet causes the appearance of Foucault currents in the walls of the steel tube, which induce electric current in the winding from an insulated wire wound on a steel tube, after which the current is sent through wires through the diode to the capacitor block, and the current is sent from the capacitor block and the coil of the solenoid, which causes the movement of the armature of the solenoid, which creates the necessary mechanical force, and for the implementation of this method, a device is proposed comprising a steel tube fixed under a fixed barrel, in which an inlet is made on the same axis as the gas outlet in the barrel, and the end face is from the inlet side the steel tube is completely closed, and the other end is partially closed, while inside the tube there is a permanent magnet, the north and south poles of which are located along the axis of the tube, and the magnet itself can freely move along the tube and is constantly pressed by the return spring, and to prevent the magnet from breaking, it is covered with a wear-resistant dielectric, and a ceramic plate is fixed to the end of the magnet that contacts the gases, while the winding made of insulated wire is wound on the tube, and the ends of the winding through the diode are connected to the input of the capacitor block, the outputs of which are connected to the solenoid winding, while the location of the solenoid in the housing is determined based on accepted x design decisions, and the diode, block of capacitors, solenoid and all electrical wires are placed inside the case. The capacitor block can be divided into several sections and each section connected to the winding of its solenoid.

The technical result is the obtained mechanical force, the application point of which inside the weapon body, the designer chooses independently.

The muzzle energy of a bullet emitted from the barrel of an AKM is ≈ 2030 J [6]. The energy of the powder gases entering the steel tube is ≈ 30% of the muzzle energy of the bullet. Due to the power of the magnet and the number of ampere turns of the coil, ≈ 15% of the remaining energy can be saved. Thus, after each shot fired, an electric current with an energy of at least 92 J is supplied to the block of capacitors.

The block of capacitors can be divided into several sections and each section connected to its own solenoid.

If we divide the block of capacitors into two sections and connect each section to a 12-volt solenoid with a power of 20 watts [7], we get two mechanical forces, the designer selects their application points inside the weapon’s body.

The solenoid can be fixed anywhere inside the body, and the anchor can be set to the desired direction of movement in space. Thus, the implementation of the invention avoids severe restrictions that impose the properties of recoil force and force, the source of which is the energy of powder gases, which expands the possibilities of finding additional design solutions in the design of weapons.

A diode, a capacitor block, a solenoid, and all electrical wires are located inside the housing.

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a device;

In Fig.2 - magnet assembly.

The device includes a barrel 1, a housing 2, a trigger 3, a bullet 4, a steel tube 5 fixed under a fixed barrel 1, in which an inlet 7 is made on the same axis as the gas outlet 6, and the end of the steel tube 5 is completely closed from the inlet 7, and the other end face is partially closed, while inside the tube 5 there is a permanent magnet 8, the north and south poles of which are located along the axis of the tube, and the magnet 8 can freely move along the tube 5 and is constantly pressed by the return spring 9, and to prevent For destruction of magnet 8, it is coated with a wear-resistant dielectric 10, and a ceramic plate 11 is fixed to the end of the magnet that contacts the gases, while winding 12 made of insulated wire is wound on tube 5, and the ends of winding 12 are connected through the diode 13 to the input of the block capacitors 14, the outputs of which are connected to the winding of the solenoid 15, which contains the armature 16. the location of the solenoid 15 inside the housing 2 is determined based on the design decisions, and the diode 13, the capacitor block 14, the solenoids and all the electric The electric wires are located inside the housing 2. The capacitor block 14 can be divided into several sections and each section connected to the winding of its solenoid. (Not shown in FIG.)

The device operates as follows.

After pulling the trigger 3, a shot occurs and at the moment when the bullet 4 is at the end of the barrel 1, the powder gases from the gas outlet 6 are sent to the inlet 7 of the steel tube 5, which leads to the displacement of the permanent magnet 8, which is pressed by the return spring 9, and to prevent the destruction of magnet 8, it is coated with a wear-resistant dielectric 10, and a ceramic plate 11 is fixed at the end of the magnet that contacts the gases, while moving the magnet causes the appearance of 5 Foucault currents in the walls of the steel tube 5 which induce electric current in the winding 12 wound on the steel tube 5, after which the current is directed to the capacitor block 14. From the capacitor block, the current is directed to the coil of the solenoid 15, which causes the movement of the armature 16 of the solenoid 15, and the movement of the armature 16 creates a mechanical force that can be applied inside the case 2 and used to ensure the operation of the mechanisms of weapons, based on the adopted design decisions. After the firing, the return spring 9 moves the magnet 8 to its original extreme left position, while the diode 13 during this movement prevents the reverse electric current from appearing in the electric circuit.

The manufacture of the proposed device can be performed using existing technologies, using materials that are currently producing industry.

LITERATURE

1. Unknown Makarov. // Weapons, No. 10, 2004, special issue.

2. O. Alekseev, F. Mikhailov TT, Makarov, PSM. Know what you own; ACT, LG Information Group. - 2001 .-- 156 p.

3. Yu. Ponomarev. At the origins of "Abakan" // magazine "Shotgun: weapons and ammunition", No. 1, 1998, pp. 6-8

4. Yandex. Dictionaries “Small arms of Russia. 5.45 - mm Nikonov assault rifle AN-94 "

5. "Kalashnikov assault rifle" Eurasian patent No. 0020 of October 10, 1997

6. Manual on a small business. 7.62 mm modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKM and AKMS). M .: Military Publishing House; 1970. - 167 p.

7. Site "Solenoids"

Claims (3)

1. The electromagnetic method of converting the energy of the powder gases into mechanical force, including the removal of part of the powder gases through the gas outlet at the end of the fixed barrel into the inlet in the steel tube, which leads to the movement of the permanent magnet, while moving the magnet causes the appearance of Foucault currents in the walls of the steel tube which induce electric current in the winding of an insulated wire wound on a steel tube, after which the current is sent through wires through a diode to a block of capacitors, a with flash capacitor current fed to the solenoid coil, which causes movement of the armature coil, which creates the necessary mechanical strength. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a steel tube fixed under a fixed barrel, in which an inlet is made on the same axis as the gas outlet of the barrel, and the end of the steel tube is completely closed on the inlet side and the other end is partially closed, this inside the tube there is a permanent magnet, the north and south poles of which are located along the axis of the tube, and the magnet itself can freely move along the tube and is constantly pressed by the return spring, and to prevent In order to destroy the magnet, it is coated with a wear-resistant dielectric, and a ceramic plate is fixed at the end of the magnet that contacts the gases, while the winding is made of an insulated wire on the tube, and the ends of the winding are connected through the diode to the input of the capacitor block, the outputs of which are connected to the winding a solenoid, while the fixing point of the solenoid inside the housing is determined based on the design decisions made, and the diode, capacitor block, solenoid and all electrical wires are placed inside the housing. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the block of capacitors can be divided into several sections and each section connected to the winding of its solenoid.

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