RU2520756C2 - Spinal traction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment and is applicable for spinal traction. A spinal traction apparatus comprises two planetary gears having a common central fixed gear wheel, and two carriers diametrically opposite to each other through slide bearings on a shaft. The shaft axis fits in with an axis of the central fixed gear wheel. The slide bearing of each carrier comprises the shaft whereon there is fixed a satellite in the form of a gear sector engaged with the central fixed gear wheel, and two cams contacting the patient's body. The gear sectors and cams are identical to each other, while the central fixed gear wheel is rigidly fixed on the shaft rigidly fixed in racks.

EFFECT: invention enables cutting cost of the apparatus, providing more effective spinal segment traction, as well as ensuring sitting and lying spinal traction either domiciliary or at work.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to orthopedics and traumatology for stretching various segments of the spine in diseases and post-traumatic changes. Distraction traction improves blood circulation in the spine and reduces the swelling of the root due to decompression, increases the diameter of the intervertebral foramen and stops the pathological impulse from the region of stretched tissues.

To stretch the spine and relieve stress from skeletal muscles and ligaments, including their traction, use a device containing a base and a mattress (Hardware-simulator of autogravity Gravitrin (certificate of conformity N 4834586).

The mattress has a working surface with transverse protrusions such as "corrugation" or "accordion" and the possibility of longitudinal compression and expansion. The invention allows to reduce the duration of the traction procedure, an isolated effect on different parts of the spine or joints, a high degree of plastic traction.

However, a device of this type draws out segments of the spine uncontrollably and cannot take into account the distribution of deformations of the corrugations and parts of the patient’s body, depending on the individual characteristics and position of the segment of a particular segment in need of drawing.

A device for spinal traction is known, comprising a base mounted on a frame with wheels, a fixed head section and a foot section movable along the base, a head restraint, axillary stops fixed to the foot section, a pelvic girdle and a loading mechanism connected by a flexible link through a block with a foot section in order to ensure smooth adjustment of loading and increase its accuracy, the loading mechanism is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever mounted on the axis of the frame, one shoulder of which is connected with a flexible traction And cargo installed movably along the locking lever and provided with risks, the head and foot sections are biased between a [Patent №1793907, A61F 5/04, 1993].

A disadvantage of this type of device is its lack of effectiveness, since the entire vertebral column composed of vertebrae is loaded, the deformation of each of which is proportional to its length.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is the treatment-and-prophylactic chair (No. 2213549, A61F 5/04), intended for the prevention and treatment of human back diseases such as osteochondrosis, scoliosis, etc. with a certain professional activity. The device provides increased ease of use and relaxation opportunities by creating a periodic "internal" massage of the spine by swaying the seat on a flat hinge and performing torsion movements with the hips without interrupting the main work of a person.

A disadvantage of this type of device is the absence of a spine hood and large dimensions that exclude conditions of use at the workplace, for example, in a vehicle driver's seat. In addition, in a device of this type it is difficult to provide a drawing force of a sufficiently large magnitude.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce the cost of the device, increase the efficiency of traction of the segment of the spine and ensure the operation of the device in a sitting and lying position at home or in the workplace.

The problem is solved as follows.

1. The device is made in the form of a planetary gear with a leading carrier and a central wheel mounted on a rack.

2. Elements in contact with the patient’s body are made in the form of cams mounted on the shafts of the satellites farthest from the axis of the central wheel.

3. The number of external gears from the central wheel to the farthest satellite on which the cams are fixed is odd.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a spinal traction device using gear sectors, Fig. 2 is a frontal traction of a spinal traction device, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spinal traction device with a multi-row satellite transmission, 4 is a diagram of a device for stretching the spine with a flexible connection, FIG. 5 is a diagram of a device for stretching the spine with a rod gear, and FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining the interaction of forces affecting the patient.

The spinal traction device comprises racks 1 and 2. The central wheel 3 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 4, also rigidly fixed to the racks 1 and 2. The central wheel 3 is engaged with two opposed gear sectors 5 and 6. The gear sector 5 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 7 mounted on sliding bearings in the cheeks 8 and 9 mounted on the sliding bearings on the shaft 4. The cheeks 8 and 9 comprise a carrier. The shaft 10 is mounted on sliding bearings in the cheeks 11 and 12 constituting the second carrier. A gear sector 6 is fixed on the shaft 10. The cheeks 11 and 12 constituting the carrier are mounted on sliding bearings on the shaft 4. Cams 13 and 14 are installed on the shaft 7, and similar cams 15 and 16 are installed on the shaft 10. The racks 1 and 2 are fixed the ends of the belts 17 and 18, respectively, designed to be fixed on the patient’s body.

The spinal traction device with a multi-row satellite transmission (Fig. 3) is equipped with satellites 19, 20, 21 mounted on sliding bearings on a carrier with a cheek 8. The transmission from satellites 19, 20, 21 forms a transmission from the central wheel 3 to the most distant satellite 21. A cam 13 is mounted on the shaft of this satellite. A cheek 11 is installed on the diametrically opposite side with respect to the cheek 8, on which sliding shafts of the satellites 22, 23, 24 are installed, which form the transmission from the central wheel 3 to the most distant gear Llith 24. A cam 15 is fixed to the shaft of this satellite.

The spinal traction device with flexible coupling (Fig. 4) is equipped with a pulley 25 fixedly mounted on the strut 1. The carrier 26 and 27 are mounted on sliding bearings on the same strut 1. On the carrier 26, a pulley sector 28 is installed on the sliding bearing, and on the carrier 27, a pulley sector 29 is also mounted. A cam 13 is fixed on the pulley sector 28, and a cam 15 is fixed on pulley sector 29. One of the ends of flexible coupling 30 is fixed to pulley 25, the other end of which is fixed to pulley sector 28. One of the ends of the flexible connection 31 is mounted on a pulley 25, the second end of which replays on a pulley sector 29.

The spinal traction device with a rod drive (Fig. 5) contains a rack 1 on which carriers 33 and 34 are mounted on hinges 32. Cam 35 is mounted on carrier 33 through hinge 36. Cam 37 is mounted on carrier 34 through hinge 38. Cam 35 through hinge 39 is connected to the rod 40. The cam 37 through the hinge 41 is connected to the rod 42. The second ends of the rods 40 and 42 through the hinges 43 and 44 are connected to the rack 1.

The device operates as follows. The patient, having the device for extracting the spine on the back, fastens the belts 16 and 17 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) fastened on the chest and secures the device to his body. Further, resting the racks 1 and 2 on the surface of the bed or the back of the chair, the patient applies pressure with cams 13, 14, 15 and 16 with force Q (Fig. 6) to the back sections located symmetrically on both sides of the spine. Under the influence of these forces, the carriers made up by the cheeks 8 and 9 (for one carrier) and 11 and 12 (for the second) are rotated through the angle “df”. In this case, the gear sectors 5 and 6, rolling around the stationary central wheel 3, rotate relative to the cheeks 8 and 9 (for one carrier) and 11 and 12 (for the second), respectively, by the angle "df". While the cams 13 and 14, mounted on the shaft 7 with the gear sector 5, rotate in one direction, and the cams 15 and 16, mounted on the shaft 10 with the gear sector 6, rotate in the opposite direction. These turns are limited by the resistance of the patient's body with the forces "T" (Fig.6), stretching the spine. The magnitude of the force "T" can be determined from the equilibrium condition:

T = Q (df) c / (df) l,

where c is the length of the carrier (Fig.6); c = r3 + r5 = r3 (1 + k); k = r5 / r3; l is the height of the cams 13, 14, 15 and 16; l - is selected equal to 1.5 r3.

From the Willis equation for planetary gears (df) / (df) = r5 / r3 = k

Thus, T = Qr3 (l + k) k / 1.5r3 = Q (l + k) k / 1.5

Taking k = 6, we get T = 28Q. Thus, it is possible to achieve the force T, stretching the spine, 28 times larger in magnitude than the weight force of that part of the patient's body, which rests on the cams 12, 13, 14 and 15.

Similarly to this device, a spinal traction device with multi-row satellite transmission works (Fig. 3). In this device, the rotation of the carrier with the cheek 8 with the stationary central wheel 3 rotates the satellites 19, 20, 21. At the same time, the cam 13 rotates with the satellite 21, affecting the patient's body. Symmetrically to this, on the diametrically opposite side, the cheek 11 rotates, accompanied by the rotation of the satellites 22, 23, 24. At the same time, the cam 15 rotates together with the satellite 24, exerting an influence on the patient's body with a force opposite to that acting from the cam 13 side.

A spinal traction device with a flexible connection works similarly to this device (Fig. 4). In this device, turning the carrier 26 and 27 leads to winding the flexible connections 30 and 31 onto the pulley 25, which is fixedly mounted on the strut 1. This leads to the rotation of the pulley sectors 28 and 29 in opposite directions. Cams 13 and 15, mounted on pulleys sectors 28 and 29, carry out the extraction of the spine.

Under the influence of the patient’s body weight, the carrier 34 rotates in the direction of increasing the angle “a” relative to the strut 1. Since the length of the rod 42 remains unchanged, an increase in the angle of rotation “a” leads to an increase in the angle “ at". As a result, the cam 37 rotates in the hinge 38 relative to the carrier 34, acting on the patient's body. Symmetrically, the cam 35 rotates in the hinge 36 relative to the carrier 33. As a result, the patient's body undergoes stretching.

Claims (1)

A spinal traction device containing two planetary gears having a common central fixed gear and two carriers mounted diametrically opposite to each other through sliding bearings on a shaft, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the central fixed gear, and a shaft is mounted on each bearing on the sliding bearings on which a satellite is mounted, made in the form of a gear sector engaged with a central stationary gear wheel, and two cams mounted with possibility of contact with the patient's body, wherein the toothed sectors and cams are respectively identical to each other, and the central fixed gear rigidly secured on the shaft, fixedly secured in the racks.

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