RU2520731C2 - Device for changing snowpack into liquid phase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of community facilities. The stationary or mobile plant sucks semi-liquid mass of snow in the tank or the cistern, changes it into a liquid phase using aggregates comprising: a suction pump to fill the tank or the cistern, a hydraulic pump to power manipulators which control the position of the suction nozzle, a power unit to power microwave emitters on magnetrons or klystrons which warm-up the semi-liquid snow mass to complete changing into the liquid state.

EFFECT: in this plant energy of exhaust gases from the engine and the power plant are additionally used, due to taking heat from the exhaust gases passing in the through channels located in the lower part of the tank.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of public utilities and is intended for the maintenance of pavement and other surfaces in the regions of the country located in the northern climatic zone, where for a long period of time work is carried out to maintain roads, sidewalks and sites of industrial buildings in operational condition in order to reduce the overall accidents, on motorways, roads and city streets and territories of industrial zones.

The main method of freeing the city from snow is raking, loading and transporting it to landfills. In Moscow, several installations for melting snow and ice are currently operating - this is an engineering structure that receives snow removed from the territory of the city using snow-removing equipment, melts it, cleans the received melt water from various kinds of pollution contained in the snow and drains into the sewers. Energetically, this is a very expensive technology that requires snow removal over long distances, due to the low density of such installations.

As an alternative, a mobile mobile unit is proposed, which simultaneously melts the snow during its collection, converting it to liquid. To make such an installation, a quick heating of the snow mass is required, which is loaded into the hopper to the entire depth at the same time. This can be achieved only with the help of microwave heaters, since microwave radiation is intensively absorbed by water molecules, and its effect extends to the entire depth of the snow mass. Such an installation is relevant, since the autumn-winter period in St. Petersburg lasts from 4 to 5 months. During this time, several major snowfalls occur with simultaneous thaws and rapid frosts. And cleaning the snow mass with its simultaneous transfer to the liquid phase would make it easier for communal services to free the city from snow in the shortest possible time.

As a prototype of a device for converting snow mass into a liquid phase, a stationary snow melting plant used in the municipal services of the city of Moscow, including a hopper (capacity), which serves both to receive snow mass and to melt it, can be considered. In the bunker fuel elements (fuel elements) are located. Depending on the type of energy source used in the installation, the heat to the fuel element can be delivered by the coolant or released directly in it. However, the most interesting are mobile installations that can quickly remove liquefied snow mass from roads and sidewalks. But there are currently no such installations.

The energy consumption of all snow-melting plants is quite large and amounts to melting 1 m ^{3 of} snow with a density of 0.4 t / m ³ , it is required: electricity 37 kW / h, or diesel fuel 4.5 liters, or natural gas 5.4 m ³ that is, the energy costs of such installations when melting snow from freezing temperatures are very high and bear a heavy burden on the city budget.

This is a laborious and expensive process, but there has not been an acceptable alternative to it to date. Analyzing the weather changes in our region, it should be noted the regular transitions from negative temperatures to positive temperatures. In the period of negative temperatures, as before, the main way of removing snow is. However, given the energy that nature regularly gives us, such gifts should be used. The question is how? It is advisable during the thaw period to switch to semi-liquid snow removal. The bulk of the snow absorbs the energy of the transition from the crystalline phase to the semi-liquid phase, since at the minimum cost of artificial heat, the semi-liquid phase is easily converted to liquid. (The energy of the transition from the solid phase (ice) to liquid (water) is 427 cal per 1 gram. The energy of changing the temperature of a semi-liquid mass is incomparable, small and is only 1 cal per 1 gram for changing the temperature by 1 degree. Hence, energy saving at using a free energy is obtained at times. Such a unit most suitable for the equipment and utilities. Installation for collecting semi snow mass consists of a tank capacity of 1 to 3 m ^3, placed on the wheeled chassis with the power plant for the magnetron or klystron power Naso and collecting the semiliquid phases of melting of snow, with a hydraulic pump for supplying hydraulic manipulators for packing.

After filling the tank with the semi-liquid phase of the snow mass, the magnetron or klystron is switched on, and in a short time the entire semi-liquid mass of snow passes into the liquid, which can be drained without problems into the sewer. Thus, its transportation to distant landfills is excluded. This device will not replace, but will expand the arsenal of cost-effective means of removing snow. A small-sized installation on this principle will be able to acquire utilities.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device for converting snow mass into a liquid phase is made in the form of a mobile self-propelled unit with a tank or tank equipped with heating elements, temperature and liquid level sensors. The device includes a nozzle for collecting the semi-liquid snow fraction, a pump for pumping the semi-liquid snow fraction into the tank, manipulators with a hydraulic pump to control the nozzle, a power unit for the autonomous supply of heating elements and characterized in that it accelerates the process of transferring the semi-liquid snow mass to the liquid phase with using microwave emitters on magnetrons or klystrons installed in a closed tank or tank, connected to the power unit and the operator console. Infrared emitters are additionally installed in the nozzle to accelerate the process of converting snow mass into a semi-liquid state. In order to increase the efficiency of the device as a whole, warm air or exhaust gases from power units are also supplied to the nozzle. In order to minimize the installation equipment, a hose for sucking in semi-liquid snow mass from the nozzle is also used to drain the liquid into the sewer by switching the flapper, controlled from the operator's console. In the receiving tank or tank at the bottom there are through channels for the passage of exhaust gases from the engine and power plant.

In figure 1, 2 the design of such an installation is proved, where:

1. Mobile installation

2. Receiving capacity (tank or tank)

3. The pump

4. Flexible hose

5. Nozzle

6. Hydraulic system

7. Remote control

8. Powertrain

9. Microwave installation

10. Temperature sensor

11. Level sensor

12. Drain hose

13. The manipulator

14. Hydraulic pump

15. Sewer manhole

16. Exhaust ducts

17. Flapper

18. Magnetron (klystron)

19. Semi-liquid snow mass

20. Infrared emitter

The design of the installation includes: A mobile unit 1 based on a car chassis, on which a receiving tank in the form of a tank or tank 2 is mounted, a pump for 3 for pumping out a semi-liquid phase with a connected suction flexible hose 4, with a nozzle for collecting semi-liquid fraction 5, controlled by a hydraulic system with manipulators 13 from the control panel 7 of the operator and a hydraulic pump 14 for powering the manipulators 13. On the chassis of the mobile unit 1 are also located: a power unit 8 for powering the microwave installation with a magnetron (magnetrons) or klystr we have 9 and pump 3. Temperature sensors 10 are installed in the container and nozzle, and a level sensor 11 is located in the container 2. The drain hose 12 can also be controlled by the hydraulic system 6 using the manipulator 13 from the control panel 7. In the nozzle 5 for collecting semi-liquid snow mass 19 can also be placed magnetron 18 or infrared emitter for heating it.

The installation works as follows: the operator through the control panel 7 with the help of the manipulators 13 lowers and installs the nozzle 5 for collecting the semi-liquid phase to the level of the road surface, and slowly moving the mobile unit 1, starts using pump 3 to suck the semi-liquid mass into the tank or tank 2. At the same time, the operator turns on the power unit 8 and the microwave installation with a magnetron (magnetrons) 9. The semi-liquid snow mass entering the tank or tank 2 begins to intensively absorb the energy of high-frequency radiation, finally transitions of the liquid phase. As the tank or tank 2 is filled and the temperature rises to a predetermined level, according to the temperature sensors 10, the operator brings the unit to the sewer manhole 14, puts the flapper 17 into the "drain" mode and drains the liquid into the sewer manhole 15.

Structurally, the same hose can be used to suck in snow mass and drain into the sewer with switching the operating mode of the installation using the flapper.

An essential point for energy saving is that the snow mass is harvested during the thaw and the crystalline snow mass transitions into a semi-liquid state due to the accumulation of natural thermal energy, which is used to destroy the crystal structure of snow using a mobile unit that sucks the semi-liquid snow mass into a tank or cistern with its subsequent transfer to the liquid phase using microwave emitters. The public utilities should take this meteorological factor into account when organizing snow removal operations, which will increase the efficiency of public utilities when removing snow from sidewalks and city roads.

The efficiency of the installation can be improved by utilizing heat from the exhaust gases of the engine and power plant. For this purpose, channels for exhaust gases 16 passing through the lower part of the tank or installed by welding on the lower part of the tank are introduced into the design of the tank or tank.

It is known that in Russia there is experience in using microwave to dilute petroleum products in railway tanks and, accordingly, large-capacity microwave power plants are produced. The same plants exist in the woodworking industry for accelerated drying of wood.

Thus, there are all prerequisites for the construction of such a mobile installation and the organization of mass production at the enterprises of St. Petersburg.

Claims (2)

1. A device for converting snow mass into a liquid phase, including a mobile unit with a tank or tank equipped with heating elements, temperature and liquid level sensors, a pump for pumping a semi-liquid snow fraction, a nozzle for collecting semi-liquid snow fraction, manipulators with a hydraulic pump for controlling the nozzle, a power unit for autonomous power supply of heating elements, microwave emitters with magnetrons or klystrons are installed in the tank or tank, connected to the power unit and the remote control Rathore, a nozzle mounted infrared emitters in the container is provided with through channels for passage of exhaust gases from the engine and power plant, and connected to the nozzle duct. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hose is used to suck in semi-liquid snow mass, as well as to drain the liquid into the sewer by switching a flapper controlled from the operator’s console.

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