RU2518961C1 - Hovercraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: hovercraft includes cargo platform in the form of wraparound excluding floor arch-domed space with carrying air-supported dome and aerostatic bearings. The aerostatic bearings are installed along the whole perimeter of hovercraft and provided with closed elastic diaphragms placed on inner surfaces of bottom branches of closed drive bands. Actuation of bands is provided by friction wheels which can be switched off at one or at the other side of hovercraft when it is necessary to turn it in corresponding direction. At the level of bottom branches of closed drive bands, rear and side walls of arch space are made under condition of minimum air losses to maintain in it the preset atmospheric pressure.

EFFECT: creation of multimission vehicle with small energy consumption and large carrying surface, possibility to transfer large volumes of cargoes.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

1. The technical field

The invention relates to transport equipment and for the creation of hovercraft intended for moving goods, transport, construction and other equipment, as well as people on soft marshy soil, for example along the tundra.

2. The level of technology

A vehicle on aerostatic supports is known, including a cargo platform and aerostatic supports equipped with closed elastic diaphragms mounted on the inner surfaces of the lower branches of closed drive belts with friction drive (RU No. 213921 IPC ⁶ : B60V 1/00; B60V ¼. 1998) .

The disadvantages of the known device are significant air losses and low vehicle speeds.

It is known that a vehicle for accommodating mobile modular plants, adopted as a prototype of the claimed proposal, contains a body with walls, a roof and a floor, as well as a running gear for moving the device (RU No. 2161101. IPC ⁷ : B61D 3/00; B63B 35 / 44.1999).

A disadvantage of the known device is the need for significant reinforcement of the walls, floor and roof of the device, due to the fact that they are simultaneously load-bearing elements that ensure the strength and reliability of all structures of the tool under conditions of off-road movement, which the prototype is not really equipped for.

3. Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to create a support with a large bearing surface on an air cushion transporting people or cargo with minimal energy consumption for maintaining the air cushion and moving.

The solution of the problem indicated in the invention is ensured by the fact that the vehicle is an air cushion that includes a cargo platform closed on all sides except the floor, an arch-domed space with a bearing air-bearing dome and aerostatic supports installed around the perimeter of the vehicle and equipped with closed elastic diaphragms placed on the inner surfaces of the lower branches of closed drive belts or pneumatic tracks, at the level of which the walls of the arch space are made with Slovenia minimum air loss to maintain a given atmospheric pressure.

The front, rear and side walls of the arched space have canopies made of elastic material at the bottom to reduce air loss from the arched space. As the elastic material, woven material is used. The drive belt has seals at the junction with the body to reduce air leaks.

4. Brief description of the drawings

The claimed proposal is shown in the attached drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the claimed invention, a hovercraft with aerostatic support, shown in figure 2. Figure 3 presents a section aa in figure 2.

The general view of the vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes a bearing, closed on all sides, arched dome (body) 1 with aerostatic supports 2 installed in the side walls and supporting elements 3, attaching residential and office premises 4 to the arch dome 1 (including containing compressor or centrifugal fan). The front, rear and side walls of the arched space have canopies 5 below (pneumogofra made of elastic material) or other known means of sealing to reduce air leaks through the gaps between the vehicle and the Earth's surface. Under the entire domed space, a bearing space is made in which openings are made so that the excess atmospheric pressure supported in the body - the domed space, pushing off from the Earth's surface, can lift the vehicle, with balanced pressure actually to the floor from the bottom and top.

Figure 2 marked: 1 - element (protrusion, bracket or other) of the base of the supporting arch-shaped dome; 2 - hollow base of aerostatic supports; 12 - flexible diaphragm; 8 - drive tape; 7 - drive friction wheel of the drive belt 8; 6 - pressure friction wheel of the tape 8.

Figure 3 presents a section of the aerostatic support AA in figure 2 with the same designation of positions 1-8, while 9 are holes connecting the cavities of the bases 2 and diaphragms 12; 13 - the cavity formed by the base 2, diaphragms 12 and drive belts 8; 9, 10, 11 — openings connecting the cavities formed by the bases 2 with cavities 13; 11 - holes connecting the cavity of the diaphragms 12 with the cavities 13; 9 - holes connecting the cavity of the base 2 and the diaphragm 12.

The front, rear and side walls of the arched space have canopies made of elastic material at the bottom to reduce air loss from the arched space. As the elastic material is used, for example, a woven material selected from the condition of minimum breathability.

The drive belt 8 has seals at the points of connection with the body to reduce air leaks from the body.

5. Vehicle operation

Air is pumped into the domed space of the canopy 1, which is tightly closed on all sides by a compressor or fan (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) to the calculated atmospheric pressure, which is calculated from the condition of the weight of the transported cargo. If, for example, the weight of the transported cargo is 10 tons with a dome area of 200 m ² , then the atmospheric pressure in the dome space will be 10,000: 200 = 50 kg / m ² or 0.005 kg / cm ² , which is completely safe for the health of people in the dome space .

Due to the indicated pressure value, the dome 1 with aerostatic supports 2, and the structures 4 contained in its dome space, held in the dome by fasteners 3, rise above the Earth's surface due to excessive air pressure in the body - the dome space, air leakage from which is limited by the oil seals of the drive belt as well as canopies 5 of elastic material, attached to the lower parts of structures in contact with the Earth's surface, and closing the corresponding gaps, pressing them in -particle material excess air pressure in the body. The claimed vehicle is driven by drive belts 8 (see FIG. 2), driven by friction wheels 6 and 7, and supported by protrusions of the Earth’s surface, moving along it with minimal friction (since the friction force is proportional to the force of normal pressure, which neutralizes the air cushion). While the holes 9, 10 and 11 (figure 3) provide a uniform distribution of air in the cavities 2, 12 and 13.

The magnitude of the rise of dome 1 above the Earth to the optimum value is automatically set, since with a large magnitude of rise the air pressure will go through the increasing gap between the Earth's surface and the dome, which cannot be completely eliminated and then the atmospheric pressure in the dome space will not be enough for further lifting of the transport means and he will go down.

6. Technical Results

The technical results of the claimed invention are as follows:

- thanks to the use of an arched spatial structure as a body, which provides strength parameters in all directions, the vehicle becomes universal, both in terms of terrain and without needing expensive roads, and in terms of use: any cargo, including industrial equipment, residential and workrooms, can be installed in a vehicle and transported, including off-road;

low air consumption, as the lifting of supports above the belts is carried out by a small amount with the possibility of movement at a constant speed;

- the ability to move large loads with minimal energy consumption with a minimum load on soft marshy soil, without destroying it;

- operational amenities, as in the necessary places under the dome there is a floor, as in a normal industrial or residential building, and the dome itself is weatherproof;

- compliance with the highest environmental requirements, as the proposed vehicle does not pollute the environment and does not cause soil corrosion;

- unlike analogues, the claimed proposal, having an arched space of significant volume, provides a new property - comfortable working conditions - in fact, being not only a vehicle, but also an autonomous plant with the same working conditions as in a hospital.

Claims (5)

1. The vehicle is an air cushion, including a cargo platform in the form of an enclosed dome space on all sides except the floor, with an air-bearing dome and aerostatic supports installed around the entire perimeter of the vehicle and equipped with closed elastic diaphragms located on the inner surfaces of the lower branches of closed drive belts, the drive of which is provided by friction wheels, which can be switched off on one or the other side of the vehicle if necessary turn it in the corresponding direction, moreover, at the level of the lower branches of the closed drive tapes, the front, rear, and side walls of the arch space are made with the condition of minimal air loss to maintain a given atmospheric pressure in it. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the front, rear and side walls of the arched space are at the bottom of the canopy of elastic material to reduce air loss from the arched space. 3. The vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that a woven material is used as the elastic material. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive belt has protective pneumatic cavities, up to a cylindrical section, to reduce air leaks from the body. 5. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction wheels have flanges for reliable fastening of the drive belt when cornering the vehicle.

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