RU2517267C1 - Device to produce wells in soil by impact method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises interacting an impact mechanism, a working tool, built-up rods, connected to the working tool. The impact mechanism is made in the form of a diesel hammer installed vertically in guides of a pile driver and interacting with a transfer mechanism, made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular hydraulic cylinders, arranged in the vertical plane, at the same time one of them is made with external and internal coaxial cavities, equipped with pistons with vertical coaxial stems, besides, the external stem is made as hollow and detachable, and the other cylinder is installed in direction of well tunnelling, and its space beyond the piston communicates by a pipeline with the external cavity of the vertical cylinder. The block of cylinders is placed on a horizontal support plate installed in a sump tank at the tunnelling depth, and with its rear part it rests against the vertical support plate interacting with the vertical wall of the sump tank. Both plates are equipped with shock absorbers installed on helical piles screwed into the floor soil and the vertical wall of the sump tank and equipped with devices for gap closing.

EFFECT: increased possibility to tunnel horizontal wells in heavy soils due to increased energy of working tool impact.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of construction work in the trenchless laying of underground utilities, in which the formation of the well is carried out by the shock method.

Known hammer drill for drilling pits [1. RF patent pa utility model No. 23905, M. cl. Е21В 1/00, publ. 07/20/2002], for example, for vertical grounding electrodes, consisting of a rod with a tip located at its end, which has the shape of a "heart", which is attached to the rod by means of a threaded connection, while the rod is made detachable with a set of interchangeable sections that increase the rod as the pit deepens, while this design allows you to drill pits with a diameter of up to 30 mm and a depth of up to 2.5 m without removing the destroyed rock from the face.

This device does not allow laying horizontal wells with its help and has low drilling performance.

Known shock-rope drilling machine [2. RF patent for utility model No. 105342, M. cl. Е21В 1/00, publ. 06/10/2011], containing a running gear, a mast mounted on it, a winch with a rope connected with a drilling tool, a tool lifting and dumping mechanism. The chassis is made in the form of a frame mounted on the trailer of a car, the mast of the machine is made in the form of a collapsible tripod, and the mechanism for lifting and dumping the tool includes a DC motor connected to a reduction gear and a power unit consisting of a disk clutch and gearbox, a brake and a rotary gearbox through which movement is transmitted to the winch drum mounted along the axis of the chassis, the operator’s workstation with a control panel and control levers.

This device also does not allow to lay horizontal wells.

A device is known that relates to equipment for sinking wells in water in loose soils [3. RF patent for the invention No. 2114272, M. cl. Е21В 4/12, Е21В 1/00, publ. 06/27/1998]. The device allows to increase the productivity of drilling operations, to simplify the design. To this end, an electromagnetic clutch for engaging the body of the percussion mechanism in the form of a linear motor with a casing pipe and electrically connected to its synchronization unit with the percussion mechanism is introduced into a device including a housing, a percussion mechanism with a hammer, a rod connected to the rope;

in addition, the striker above the striker is made in the form of a system of elastic bodies having the ability to move in the transverse direction.

However, this device also does not allow horizontal drilling.

Known rig for trenchless laying of pipelines [4. RF patent for the invention No. 2283938, M. cl. ЕВВ 7/04, E02F 5/18, publ. 09/20/2006], comprising a bed and a housing connected at one end pivotally, and along the rest of the length, with a number of jacks adjustable in height, the bed being connected to an anchor lowered into the ground, and a device for rotating drill pipes connected to the spindle installed in the housing which fixed one or several drill pipes in series with a drilling tool at the free end, a reciprocating mechanism. The upper surface of the housing has a groove-shaped recess in which a device for rotating drill pipes is mounted so that its longitudinal axis, the axis of the mechanism of the return movement are located in one plane.

The design of the device is not equipped with an insufficiently powerful drive, which makes it impossible to overcome obstacles such as boulders.

Known drilling complex [5. RF patent for the invention No. 2333335, M. cl. ЕВВ 7/00, publ. September 10, 2008], comprising a transport base with a drill mast with a working tool located on it in a transport position and a device for translating and installing a drill mast from a transport position to a working position between the transport base and a drill mast, characterized in that the device for translating and installing a drill the mast from the transport position to the working one contains an installation carriage mounted on the drill mast with the possibility of its reciprocating movement, a hydraulic rotor mounted on the transport base with possible axial reverse rotation, a movable carriage with consoles, mounted on a rotary hydraulic rotor with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to it, axial articulation, one end of which is mounted on a movable carriage, and the other is fixed on a movable rotor mounted on a carriage, while there are hydraulic cylinders, made with the possibility of regulating their lengths, the first of which is installed on the hydraulic rotor at one end and at the end of the movable carriage near the axial joint with the other, the second one ohm installed on a gun carriage, and the other - on the moving rotor, wherein the one ends of the third and fourth cylinders are mounted on a movable carriage consoles and their other ends are mounted on the carriage.

As a transport base, it contains a crawler mini-conveyor.

However, due to the limited tilt angles of the mast, it is difficult for this device to carry out horizontal drilling.

A known installation of horizontal soil drilling [6. RF patent for the invention No. 2342495, M. cl. EPP 5/18, publ. 12/27/2008], including a guiding device, an axial feed device, a drill head with a circular vibrator connected to the casing, a compensating device and made in the form of a pipe segment, a cylindrical body mounted on a pipe segment using rolling elements, cutting knives fixed at the bottom end of the cylindrical body, lifting blades located on the inner surface of the cylindrical body, a vertical segmented septum with a dump sheet for soil removal, characterized by m, which is circular vibrator oscillation is rigidly fixed by rods inside the cylindrical body coaxially to the axis, the rods are arranged at an angle to the axis of the cylindrical body, which exceeds the angle of sliding friction developed soil.

The device has large dimensions and is not suitable for work in confined spaces.

A known method of controlling the force of the impact machine and a device for its implementation [7. RF patent for the invention No. 2357061, M. cl. Е21В 1/12, E02F 5/16, publ. 05/27/2009]. The invention relates to the technology of construction work, used for trenchless laying of underground utilities. The technical task is to increase the efficiency of their laying by controlling the force of the impact machine. The method according to the first embodiment involves striking an instrument through an intermediate body, and prior to striking, increase its density by deformation by static loading, and after impact maintain internal pressure therein. According to the second variant of the method, the density of the intermediate body is increased by deforming it by impact, and after impact, internal pressure is maintained in it. The device is equipped with a piston chamber located between the percussion machine and the tool. An intermediate body is placed in the piston chamber, with which the percussion machine interacts through the piston of this chamber.

The device has a complex structure.

A known method of deepening the device during the formation of a well in the soil [8. RF patent for the invention No. 2049853, M. cl. E02D 1/00, publ. 10.12.1995], which consists in striking a working tool - a tip with a load located inside the device’s body, storing energy in an energy accumulator located in the case, and then moving the case under the action of this energy. At the same time, part of the energy is spent on this blow, and part of it is reserved in the form of energy of the lifted load and then used to move the body. To implement this method, a device is proposed that comprises a housing with a pointed tip moving along it, a mechanism for dynamically loading the housing with a hammer, an energy accumulator, and a gear drive. Moreover, the dynamic loading mechanism is equipped with a dynamic support with a copier nut and a cocking-releasing mechanism in the form of a pulling single-turn screw with a longitudinal groove, and the energy accumulator is made in the form of a compression spring. The mechanism of dynamic loading has an elastic element - a spring connected to the upper end of the housing to limit its upward movement. The single-screw screw of the cocking-trigger mechanism is connected at one end to the drive, and at the other end to the hammer and interacts in a section having a longitudinal groove with a dynamic support nut made with part of the turn.

The advantage of the device is the use of the impact method of penetration, in which a powerful peak load on the ground is created with a minimum power of the drive motor.

However, this device is adapted to work only in an upright position; horizontal drilling is not possible for them.

By technical nature, this device is closest to the claimed solution and adopted as a prototype.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the possibility of horizontal drilling in heavy soils by increasing the impact energy of the working tool.

To achieve a technical result, a device for producing wells in the soil by an impact method, comprising an interacting impact mechanism and a working tool, is characterized in that it contains expandable rods associated with the working tool, and the impact mechanism is made in the form of a diesel hammer mounted vertically in the guide rails of the pile driver and interacting with the transmission mechanism, made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular hydraulic cylinders located in a vertical plane, while one n of them are made with external and internal coaxial cavities provided with pistons with vertical coaxial rods, the external rod is hollow and removable, and the other cylinder is installed in the direction of well penetration and its piston space is in communication with the external cavity of the vertical cylinder, the cylinder block is placed on a horizontal base plate installed in the pit at a depth of penetration, and its back rests against a vertical base plate interacting with the vertical wall of the pit, Rich both plates are provided with shock absorbers, mounted on the screw piles, screwed into the ground floor and a vertical wall of the pit and provided with gaps sampling devices.

At the same time, the expandable rods can be equipped with bayonet locks at both of their ends and are hollow, some of which are perforated for supplying drilling fluid.

And the working tool, depending on the driving conditions, can be made in the form of a pipe with pointed teeth at the front end or in the form of a conical joint.

It is widely known that a diesel hammer is often used as a percussion instrument. Mainly for driving piles. There are tubular and rod diesel hammers. The former are more preferable, because have higher efficiency. All tubular diesel hammers are made according to a single structural scheme, are unified as much as possible and consist of the following main units: the shock part — a piston with compression rings, a replaceable working cylinder and a guide pipe, a splash plate against which the piston strikes, fuel and oil systems, and a starting device - “cats” with a lifting and dropping mechanism. In the upper part of the guide tube there are two eyes for attaching the rope when installing the hammer on the pile driver. The working cylinder is hermetically sealed from below by a scabbard with compression rings transmitting the energy of impact of the piston to the pile. A pile cap is attached to the flange of the Shabot. An annular rubber shock absorber is installed between the flanges of the working cylinder and the Shabot, which prevents a hard collision of the cylinder body and the Shabot in case of large pile upsets. In the idle state, the working cylinder and the shabot are connected by a bar. The lower end of the piston is spherical and in shape corresponds to a recess in the Shabot. With full contact of the spherical surfaces of the piston and the rampart (at the moment of impact), the annular cavity formed by annular recesses in their spheres is a combustion chamber. Fuel to the north of the Sabbath is supplied at a pressure of 0.3 ... 0.5 MPa by a plunger pump, which is controlled by a falling piston, which presses the drive lever. Fuel is supplied to the pump via flexible rubber hoses from the fuel tank. The cavity of the working cylinder will communicate with the atmosphere through four suction-exhaust pipes directed upwards. Lubrication of the rubbing working surfaces of the cylinder and piston is forced. Oil from the tank is fed to the rubbing surfaces via a flexible oil line using an oil plunger pump, similar in structure and principle to the fuel. Heat removal from the walls of the working cylinder at elevated ambient temperatures is provided by a circulating-evaporative type water cooling system consisting of a water tank located in the combustion chamber area with a filler and a drain neck.

In the guide tube from the side facing the copra, there is a longitudinal groove in which the lifting lever of the "cat" is moved, which engages with the piston when it is raised when the hammer is started. On the outer surface of the guide pipe are installed: the guide "cat", an emphasis for cocking the lifting lever of the "cat", an emphasis for resetting the piston and two grips (left and right) for lifting the diesel hammer "cat". The work of a tubular diesel hammer is carried out in the following sequence: before starting the hammer, the piston rises by the “cat” suspended on the rope of the copra winch to its highest position, after which the “cat” and the piston are automatically disengaged. With one fall down the guide tube, the piston presses the drive lever of the fuel pump, which delivers a dose of fuel to the spherical undercut of the scabbard. With further downward movement, the piston blocks the openings of the suction-exhaust pipes and begins to compress the air in the working cylinder, significantly increasing its temperature. At the end of the compression process, the piston head strikes against the mudplate, which ensures that the pile is immersed in the ground and the fuel is sprayed into the annular combustion chamber, where it spontaneously ignites, mixing with hot compressed air. Part of the energy of expanding combustion products - gases (maximum combustion pressure of 7 ... 8 MPa) is transferred to the working body, making it additional (after mechanical shock) immersion, and part is spent on topping the piston up to a height of 3 m. Due to the action on the pile, two impacts - mechanical and gas-dynamic - high efficiency of tubular diesel hammers is achieved. When the piston moves upwards, expanding gases are released into the atmosphere as the suction-exhaust pipes open. Through the same nozzles fresh air is sucked in with the further movement of the piston up. Having reached its highest position, the piston begins to fall freely down, the working cycle is repeated, and then the hammer works automatically until the pile is completely submerged. Thus, during the first cycle of the tubular diesel hammer, the cylinder is purged, air is compressed, fuel is injected and sprayed, and during the second cycle, the hot mixture of fuel and air spontaneously and the combustion products expand, exhaust gases are exhausted into the atmosphere and sucked into the cylinder fresh air. The jump height of the shock part of the diesel hammers is regulated by changing the amount of fuel injected by the pump, which allows you to change the value of the impact energy depending on the type of working tool and the density of the soil.

With worse performance, bar hammers can also be used. Their advantage in smaller dimensions and weight. Diesel hammers work only in an upright position, and this is their disadvantage. But they have the greatest impact force compared to other mechanisms and are intended primarily for driving piles into the ground. And for this reason they are chosen as the percussion mechanism.

In the proposed device, the rotation of the power flow from the diesel hammer to the working mechanism is made by a transmission mechanism made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular hydraulic cylinders located in a vertical plane, one of which is made with external and internal coaxial cavities equipped with pistons with vertical coaxial rods, and the outer rod is hollow and removable, and the other cylinder is installed in the direction of the penetration of the borehole and its piston space communicates through a pipeline the house with the outer cavity of the vertical cylinder, the cylinder block is placed on a horizontal base plate installed in the pit at a depth of penetration, and its back rests against a vertical base plate interacting with the vertical wall of the pit, both plates equipped with shock absorbers mounted on screw piles screwed into the soil of the floor and the vertical wall of the pit and are equipped with devices for selecting gaps.

The expanding rods are equipped with bayonet locks at both ends and are hollow, and some of them are perforated.

The working tool, depending on the type of work performed (driving conditions), is made in the form of a pipe with pointed teeth at the front end or a conical joint.

Thus, the impact energy is increased and horizontal penetration in heavy soils is possible.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the installation, and figure 2 placement of the installation in the pit.

The installation comprises a percussion mechanism 1, stackable rods 2 and a working tool 3. In this case, the percussion mechanism 1 is made in the form of a diesel hammer mounted vertically in the guides of the copra 4 and interacting with the transmission mechanism 5, made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular cylinders, vertical 6 and horizontal 7 located in the vertical plane, and the vertical cylinder 6 is made with outer 8 and inner 9 coaxial cavities, equipped with, respectively, pistons 10 and 11 from the vertical removable coaxial rods 12 and 13, and the outer rod 12 is hollow and removable, and the other horizontal cylinder 7 is installed by the rod 14 in the direction of the borehole and communicates by a pipe 15 with the outer cavity 8 of the vertical cylinder 6, the cylinder block is placed on a horizontal base plate 16, installed in the pit at a depth of penetration, and its back rests against a vertical base plate 17 that interacts with the vertical wall of the pit, both plates equipped with shock absorbers 18 and 19 mounted on screw vayah 20 and 21, screwed into the ground floor and a vertical wall of the pit, respectively, and provided with devices 22 and 23 of the compensation. As shock absorbers 18 and 19, rubber sheets are used, devices for selecting gaps 22 and 23 - in the form of tension bolts to adjust the elasticity of the plate and its shock-absorbing properties.

The expandable rods 2 are equipped with bayonet locks 24 at both ends and are hollow, and some of them are perforated for supplying drilling fluid. The working tool is made in the form of a pipe 25 with pointed teeth at the front end or in the form of a conical joint 26. The finished drilling fluid is pumped into the rods 2 by the pump 27. The rods are installed in the guides 28.

The horizontal cylinder 7 is equipped with a piston 29 mounted on the rod 14. The piston space 29 of the piston 29 fills the cavity 8 of the vertical cylinder 6 with the working fluid.

The device operates as follows. Previously, two pits are organized on the site of the future puncture on both sides of the horizontal well laying section. In one of the pits, thrust screw piles 20 and 21 are screwed onto the bottom and rear walls, onto which the shock-absorbing plates 16 and 17 are mounted, gaps 22 and 23 are installed. Then, the transmission mechanism 5 is mounted on the floor of the pit, leaning on the back wall of the pit through the shock-absorbing plate 17. Its position is regulated by devices 22 and 23. Next, a pile driver 4. is installed. Then a shock mechanism is installed on its guides - a diesel hammer 1, which is lowered along the guides of the pile driver 4 to the transmission mechanism 5 until it contacts Vertical, rod 13 of hydraulic cylinder 6. The guides 28 are mounted rod 2 with the working tool 25 or 26. Start the diesel hammer blows to 1. His rod 13 diesel hammer 1 moves the piston 11 downwards. The fluid from the vertical cylinder 6 moves into the cylinder 7, forcing the piston 29 to move with the rod 14, striking the working tool 25 (26), which is embedded in the ground. After completing the stroke, the diesel hammer 1 is raised to its original position. With the hammer blows on the rod 14, the rod 13 is raised up to contact with the diesel hammer 1. Increase the rod 2 and again starting the diesel hammer 1 continue the drilling of the well. Moreover, the working tool 25 is periodically removed from the well, removing the accumulated sludge, and then pass the well by bore 26. The process is repeated. At the same time, drilling fluid is pumped through the perforated rods 2 pump 27 under pressure, which holds the walls of the well together and lubricates them to move the rods 2.

After the well has passed, a plastic pipe is attached to the end of the whip, formed as a set of stackable rods 2, in the second pit and dragged into the well in reverse.

Reverse is as follows. The removable rod 13 is removed and the rod 12 is installed. Blow it with a diesel hammer 1, displace the liquid from the outer cavity 8 into the piston space of the cylinder 7. Its rod 14 moves back and pulls the lash from the set of rods 2 in the opposite direction, pulling the plastic into the well the pipe. In the direction of travel, the lash is dismantled. The case is ready for cabling or running water.

The applicant manufactured an experimental device that showed satisfactory results.

Claims (5)

1. The device for the formation of wells in the soil by the impact method, contains an interacting impact mechanism and a working tool, characterized in that it contains stackable rods associated with the working tool, and the impact mechanism is made in the form of a diesel hammer mounted vertically in the guide rails and interacting with a transmitting mechanism made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular hydraulic cylinders located in a vertical plane, while one of them is made with external and internal her coaxial cavities equipped with pistons with vertical coaxial rods, and the outer rod is hollow and removable, and the other cylinder is installed in the direction of the borehole and its piston space communicates with the outer cavity of the vertical cylinder, the cylinder block is placed on a horizontal base plate mounted in the pit at a depth of penetration, and with its back part it abuts against a vertical base plate interacting with the vertical wall of the pit, both plates being equipped with a shock absorber mounted on screw piles screwed into the ground and vertical wall of the pit and equipped with clearance devices. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stackable rods are equipped with bayonet locks at both ends thereof. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the expandable rods are hollow and perforated for supplying drilling fluid. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working tool is made in the form of a pipe with pointed teeth at the front end. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working tool is made in the form of a conical joint.

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