RU2513579C1 - Drilling, blasting and mechanical method for speed arrangement of underground mines in strong rocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method is performed using facilities of simultaneous drilling of boreholes with increased speeds of feed and rotation of bits and intensive washing of boreholes first in 2 vertical sectors, then, after rotation of a drilling faceplate by 90 degrees, in 2 horizontal sectors. After removal of the drilling faceplate from the bottomhole, the charging faceplate is fed with injectors-stems, and then boreholes are automatically charged with explosive substance, and explosion is initiated.

EFFECT: higher speed of mining, reduced time for bottomhole drilling, time of drilling and blasting works, increased frequency and resistance of a technological process.

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Description

The invention relates to mining, and in particular to methods of conducting mine workings on hard rocks using blasting and explosive-mechanical methods, and can be used for high-speed conducting underground mine workings, adits, tunnels through hard rocks.

A complex method of penetration is known, including hydraulic crushing of the formation, which is carried out simultaneously with its pulse mechanical destruction by adding abrasive material of increased strength to the liquid stream (RF Patent No. 2341656, dated 20.12.2008, BI No. 35). The disadvantages of the method are the high specific energy consumption for the destruction of the array, low intensity and limited scope of the combine for mine workings with rocks with a strength f less than 10 on the scale of prof. M.M. Protodyakonova.

There is a well-known drilling and blasting method for conducting workings on strong and medium strength rocks, including drilling holes over the entire face area (according to the passport), to a predetermined depth, consistent with the step of placing the supports, loading and blasting over the entire face area, airing, unloading of the blasted mass, roof frill installation of temporary and permanent support (Mechanization of mining in hard rocks / Medvedev I.F. et al. - M .: Nedra, 1982).

The disadvantages of this method are the sequence of operations, the high intensity of the impact, the low speed of workings on hard rocks.

A known method of conducting wells and workings, including feeding to the face along with flushing liquid charges of liquid explosives in ampoules with a cumulative funnel, sequentially blasting charges of liquid explosives (BB) and obtaining recesses on the surface of the face; the axes of the cumulative funnels are oriented at an angle to the face of the face equal to 45-90 degrees, and each subsequent recess on the face is formed with overlapping the cross section of the previous recess by 5-20% (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1757265, E21C 37/00, 1992) .

The disadvantage of this method is the large number of explosives when conducting workings and tunnels of large cross section.

There is a method of conducting workings on hard rocks with a combine harvester with an executive body that provides automatic supply of explosives to the face. The executive body includes the faceplate of the combine, on which the tools that destroy the rock are installed around the circumference. The faceplate also has through holes, into which, by means of an automatically operating lever controlled from the remote control, the heads of syringes are moved by a traverse and connected by a pipe to the charger. When the faceplate is rotated and fed to the face, the rock is broken in the form of concentric grooves of small width and depth. Upon contact of the lever with the face, further feeding stops, and the faceplate is retracted from the face and translates into slow rotation. At this time, the heads of the syringes, moving along the guide holes, extend to the bottom. The charger pushes the explosive into the grooves. Then, through the nozzle, the initiator is fed into the face and an explosion is carried out, which beats off part of the rock (USSR Author's Certificate No. 4171,623, BI No. 8, 1974) - the Prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is the high specific energy of the destruction of the array, and the low speed of the workings.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the speed of production in hard rock by the blasting and mechanical method, reducing the time of drilling the face, the time of drilling and blasting (BWR), increasing the frequency and stability of the process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the drilling and blasting method of high-speed conducting underground workings on hard rocks, including drilling holes using the shock-rotational method over the bottom face (according to the passport) with feeding the drill head of the machine tool or drill rig while drilling each hole and then removing it from the bottom the drill head with drilling holes, the supply of the backing plate to the bottom with a spacer-walking device with the supply of explosives (BB) to each hole, the removal of the backboard from the bottom, initiating blasting explosives in a group of holes in a certain sequence throughout the face, ventilating the face, installing temporary support with moving the shield, shipping blasted rock, installing permanent support, moving the face and support shield, while excavating hard rock using a blasting and mechanical method, is carried out simultaneously by rotary drilling holes of small diameter and length, with increased feed and rotation speeds of crowns and intensive washing of holes, first in 2 vertical, symmetrical the axis of the working sectors, then, after turning the drill face 90 degrees, in the remaining 2 horizontal sectors, with the subsequent withdrawal from the face of the drill face plate, feed the charging face plate with syringes-rods to the face and subsequent simultaneous automatic charging of bore holes with explosives by the number of recharged boreholes in 2 vertical sectors, and after the charging face was turned 90 °, in 2 horizontal sectors of the face with the initiation of explosive blasting in boreholes in an appropriate sequence wirelessly by remote radio channels at the grounded protective armor plate shield longwall.

Drilling and blasting mechanical way of high-speed conduct workings on hard rocks is carried out in the following sequence.

The cycle of operations of sinking begins (figure 1) after moving the shield 8 to the bottom with the support of hydraulic jacks 9 to the bottomhole shield 5; which is located at the bottom and is fixed by a spacer device 4, including three support shoes and three hydraulic cylinders installed through 120 ° along the contour of the face shield 5.

Two faceplates are installed in the face shield 5: a drill face 2 with drill heads according to the number of holes drilled simultaneously in two vertical 17 or horizontal 18 sectors (FIG. 2 and FIG. 3), and a charging face 3 for charging holes with syringe rods, in terms of number and location exactly corresponding to the position of the holes in the sectors. The face shield 5 is closed on the bottom side with an armor plate 1 with openings into which drill rods 16 with crowns or syringes-rods of the charging faceplate 3 freely pass.

Faceplates 2 and 3 can rotate 90 degrees with a fixed face shield 5 and armor plate 1. Faceplates 2 and 3 during drilling or loading holes are offset 90 ° from each other and they are rotated in concert.

The drilling process is carried out in the following sequence (Fig. 1): in the vertical sectors 17 (Fig. 2), the drill face 2 with drill heads is installed in a vertical plane along the axis of production, the hydraulic drive of the drill heads from the control panel 11 is turned on and the face is drilled at the same time two sectors symmetrical with respect to the axis of the output, including a central hole of increased diameter, with intensive washing of holes at the same time. After drilling, the charging plate 2 is discharged from the bottom.

Faceplate 2 and faceplate 3 are rotated 90 °. The face is drilled in two horizontal sectors 18 (Fig. 3) in the above sequence with intensive washing of holes.

High-speed drilling with intensive flushing of holes is achieved in a rotational way with increased speeds and includes drill heads with rods and crowns reinforced with Elbor-based ceramic-metal alloy inserts (BN ₃ ), and drill face 2 supplies the face for the length of drill holes.

Simultaneous automated charging of holes in 2 vertical 17, then in 2 horizontal 18 sectors is carried out by charging plate 3 with a set of chargers in terms of number and position of holes in 2 vertical (horizontal) sectors of the face, which can be rotated 90 ° relative to the axis of the output (complex).

The operation of the process of loading holes is carried out in the following sequence.

The charging plate 3 extends to the face, the syringe rods freely pass into the holes in the armor plate 1 and enter the holes of the vertical 17 sectors of the face as much as possible. From the control panel 11, a plunger pump is turned on, supplying a plastic explosive to the boreholes and the space 16 is filled, then a sealing stemming is introduced through other channels, filling the remaining part of the boreholes. The flushing system is turned on from the control panel 11 and the water cleans the channels of residues of explosives and clogging.

Then the faceplates 2 and 3 are rotated 90 ° and the bore holes of the horizontal sectors 18 are charged in the sequence described.

The armor plate 1, faceplates 2 and 3 (Fig. 1) are set to the "preparation for explosion" position, while the armor plate 1 closes the faceplate of the face plate - the upper sector, and the loading window (unloading zone 19 (figure 3)) remains open .

The initiation of explosives in boreholes is carried out remotely wirelessly via grounded radio channels. Breaking the rock and blasting explosives in the boreholes in an appropriate sequence is carried out on the armor plate 1 with its removal from the face under the action of the shock wave of the explosion.

The armor plate 1 has openings for the passage of the drilling tool or for the automatic loading of holes and it can be set by turning relative to the axis of the production to the "drilling-charging" position or to the "BVR" position, while in the "drilling-charging" position it is possible to perform the operation "drilling" or "charging", and in the "BVR" position, only the discharge zone of the blasted rock remains open from the bottom side.

The strut is removed from the face plate 2, hydraulic jacks 9 of the hydraulic system are switched on to drain.

Ventilation systems are turned on: air is extracted from the bottomhole zone and the intermediate chamber.

Blasting is carried out in the sequence according to the passport on the BVR, on the armor plate 1 of the face shield 2, which, under the action of the shock wave, depart from the face to the support shield, centering along the telescopic body beam 6, while the forces acting on the support shield from the shock wave are reduced by damping a device on a telescopic beam 6 and hydraulic jacks 9 included in the drain.

An increase in the speed of carrying out workings in hard rocks is achieved by reducing the time of drilling the face (simultaneous drilling of a large number of holes using a rotational method with increased speeds and with crowns from the Elbor composite), reducing the time of blasting to charge holes, to blast them and to ventilate before and after the explosion, reducing the frequency of cycles and the stability of the process.

Claims (1)

Drilling and blasting mechanical method of high-speed carrying out of underground workings in hard rock, including drilling boreholes using the shock-rotational method over the bottom face (according to the passport) with feeding the drill head of the machine tool or drill rig while drilling each hole and then removing it from the bottom of the drill head with cleaning holes, feeding the base shield to the face with a spacer-walking device with the supply of explosives (BB) to each hole, the removal of the base shield from the bottom, the initiation of the explosion of explosives in the group of holes in a certain exploration throughout the face, ventilating the face, installing temporary support with moving the shield, shipping blasted rock, installing permanent support, moving the face and support shield, characterized in that the workings on hard rocks are blast-and-blast mechanically by simultaneously drilling in a rotary way holes of small diameter and length , with increased feed and rotation speeds of the crowns and intensive washing of holes, first in 2 vertical sectors symmetrical with respect to the axis of the working I eat, after turning the drill face by 90 degrees, in the remaining 2 horizontal sectors, followed by withdrawal of the face shield from the face of the drill face, feeding a charging face plate with syringes and rods to the face, and subsequent simultaneous automated charging of bore holes with explosives according to the number of bore holes 2 vertical sectors, and after turning the charging plate 90 ° in 2 horizontal sectors of the face with the initiation of explosive explosions in boreholes in an appropriate sequence with a remote wireless method Bom for grounded radio channels on the protective armor plate shield longwall.

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