RU2513529C1 - Method of diesel control at low feed and minimum stable rpm at load and idling and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry. Proposed method of diesel (1) control consists in generating automatic oscillation of fuel feed device (7). On a sensor (6) signal at load decrease to magnitude smaller than 30% of rated value the fuel feed device position pickup (7) is used to feed signal from speed automatic controller (10) of control unit (13) and frequency generator via current sinusoidal oscillations of amplitude and frequency oscillator (12). Said oscillator (12) is timed by crankshaft turn angle transducer (5) with its angular position. Invention covers also the diesel control at low feed and minimum stable rpm.

EFFECT: lower minimum stable rpm at load and idling.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building and can be used to ensure fuel economy at low loading conditions and reduce the minimum-stable speed under load and idle.

A known method and similar devices used on serial engines of the D100 type (see book. Gurevich AN, Surzhenko ZI, Klepach PT Fuel equipment of diesel and marine diesel engines of the D100 and D50 types. State scientific and technical publishing house of engineering literature. M., 1963, p.204). The authors proposed a device for turning off part of the diesel cylinders when switching to idle operation (see pages 197-1-200). Fig. 152 shows a shutdown diagram for five out of 10 high-pressure fuel pumps (TNVD) for an engine of the D100 type when the idle speed is reached. The pneumatic mechanism (see Fig. 154) turns off part of the cylinders when air is supplied, and when switching to other revolutions, the electro-pneumatic valve stops the air supply, and under the action of spring 6 the rail of the high pressure pump (fuel supply unit) takes its previous position.

The disadvantage of the proposed method and device is the complication of the fuel system of the engine in the form of additional elements (electro-pneumatic valve, pneumomechanism, traction, additional contact of the speed relay). In addition, the same cylinders are subject to shutdown, which leads to their greater wear in comparison with non-disconnectable cylinders. The more significant problem associated with providing partial loading modes (from idle to ≈25-30% load) is not being solved. It does not provide a reduction in the idling speed, since the setting of the minimally stable revolutions remains the same (with the provision of minimally stable revolutions under load), which does not fully solve the task of improving the quality of work at low loading conditions.

Also known is a fuel system with an electronically controlled annular discharge valve (see RF patent No. 2258823), which includes a high pressure fuel pump (TNVD) with an electronically controlled annular discharge valve controlled by a controller that is driven by an electromagnet, an injector, and Sensors for positioning the pedal to control fuel, air and speed.

This device has several disadvantages: a significant complication of the control system, a number of additional elements appear, which significantly reduces the reliability. The discharge valve itself does not provide a high-quality flow of the fuel supply working process in terms of unloading the high pressure pipeline (HPT), including for the final injection phase, which contributes to repeated injections at nominal conditions. The introduction of such a discharge valve into the high pressure line violates the hydraulic identity of the sections and leads to a high uneven distribution of feeds in sections and cycles. The device also does not provide a reduction in minimum stable revolutions under load and idle.

Closest to the proposed method for controlling the operation of a diesel engine at minimum steady revolutions under load and idling and a device for its implementation is the patent "Method for controlling the operation of a transport internal combustion engine in dynamic idle mode and a device for its implementation" (RU 2204730 C2, IPC F02D 41/16, F02D 17/04, G01M 15/00, dated May 20, 2003). The essence of the proposed method is to set the run-out and acceleration cycles by automatically acting on the fuel supply body in the area of low crankshaft rotational speeds according to the signals of the clutch pedal position sensors and the gearbox shift lever of the vehicle, for which the electromagnet control unit is used. A device for implementing the method includes a positioner of the speed control unit, a switch and contact sensors of the clutch, gear lever, electrically connected in series with each other and with the position sensor of the speed control unit and included in the power supply circuit of the control unit.

The disadvantages of this control method and control device are:

- the complexity of the control system of the modes in which the coasting and acceleration of the transport engine is performed when it is operating in dynamic idle modes;

- decrease in reliability due to the serial connection of multiple position sensors;

- the method and device do not provide the proper quality of control during casts of the fuel supply control body, the efficiency of the engine working process is reduced due to pronounced dynamic load surges;

- minimally stable crankshaft revolutions are not provided under load and at idle, control takes place at pronounced transient modes between coasting and acceleration (in the so-called dynamic idle modes);

- it is not possible to reduce the minimum stable speed under load and idle;

- all engine cylinders are in operation, therefore, "saving" of the resource of the cylinder-piston group is not ensured, moreover, lubrication conditions are worsened at clearly expressed dynamic operating modes, shock selection of gaps occurs with increased wear processes;

- control is performed only at low speeds, when the clutch and gearbox are switched off and on, but low load modes remain outside the mode under consideration, when fuel efficiency deteriorates due to poor operation of fuel equipment, and emissions of environmentally harmful combustion products increase , increases the uneven rotation of the motor shaft, etc .;

- the method and device applies to a limited list of engines, namely, transport engines, while low feed rates and minimum stable revolutions under load and idle are typical for marine, stationary, diesel and industrial engines, for example, diesel shunting diesel it works up to 70% of all time at low loads and idling, similar low load modes are typical for fishing vessel engines and for stationary installations.

An object of the invention is to improve the quality of engine operation at low load and reduce the minimum stable speed under load and at idle, expanding the scope for the entire range of engines used in operation.

The problem is achieved through the application of a method of controlling the engine at low feeds and minimally stable revolutions under load and idling, which consists in creating an automatic oscillating action on the fuel supply body when the load is reduced to a value less than 30% of the nominal when, by the signal of the position sensor fuel supply unit to the fuel supply unit, in addition to the action from the automatic speed controller, a signal from the control unit with the driver you through the sine wave electric current generator, synchronized by means of the crank angle sensor with its angular position (basically generator can produce, for example, and the U-shaped electric current oscillations).

New significant features of the proposed method and device for its implementation are that when the load is less than 30% by the signal of the position sensor of the fuel supply unit, the signal from the control unit with shaper is automatically supplied to the fuel supply body (injection pump rail) non-contact in addition to the effect of the automatic speed controller frequency through a generator of sinusoidal oscillations of electric current, synchronized with a crank angle sensor with its angular position .

The use of sensors for the position of the fuel supply body and the angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft together with the control unit and the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of electric current allows you to automate the control process at low loads and idle, while maintaining the functions of an automatic speed controller to ensure minimum stable speed under load and at idle , and, moreover, with appropriate adjustment of the system of automatic speed control (SARch), they can reduce minimum stable revolutions under load and at idle in accordance with the requirements of current GOST 10150-88 and even lower. This determines the high quality of engine operation and increases the reliability properties. In addition, examples are given of the oscillation frequencies of the fuel supply unit at which part of the cylinders is shut off.

The use of new significant features allows to improve engine control at low load and idle and increase the efficiency of engine use in operating conditions.

(здесь n - частота вращения коленчатого вала, об/мин) и с такой настройкой фазового сдвига по отношению к первому цилиндру, чтобы максимум амплитуды соответствовал этому цилиндру. Очевидно, что в цилиндрах 1, 3 и 2 будет происходить рабочий процесс при повышенном ходе рейки, а цилиндры 5, 6 и 4 практически будут отключены (см. фиг.1 при положении рейки

). Аналогично обеспечивается режим при положении рейки

. Пунктиром показан процесс увеличения амплитуды хода рейки из-за того, что автоматический регулятор скорости восстанавливает заданный скоростной режим, увеличивая ход рейки, так как половина цилиндров практически не работает. Зато оставшиеся в работе цилиндры при большей подаче топлива работают устойчиво и с более высокими показателями рабочего процесса (топливная экономичность. меньшая неравномерность вращения). При соответствующей настройке САРч становится возможным снижение минимально устойчивых оборотов под нагрузкой и холостом ходе. Варьируя амплитудой колебаний рейки, экспериментально можно достичь полного отключения половины цилиндров.A method of controlling the operation of the engine at low feed speeds and minimally stable revolutions under load and at idle is shown in figure 1. For example, for a 4-stroke six-cylinder engine, a task with the help of a control unit with a frequency driver through a generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the periodic movements of the fuel supply unit (rail), bringing it into vibrational mode using an actuator (IM) in the form of an electric solenoid contactless mounted on a rail with a frequency

(here n is the crankshaft rotational speed, rpm) and with the phase shift adjusted in relation to the first cylinder so that the maximum amplitude corresponds to this cylinder. Obviously, in the cylinders 1, 3 and 2, the working process will occur with an increased course of the rack, and the cylinders 5, 6 and 4 will be practically turned off (see figure 1 with the position of the rack

) Similarly, the mode is provided when the rack

. The dotted line shows the process of increasing the amplitude of the rack stroke due to the fact that the automatic speed controller restores the specified speed mode, increasing the rack stroke, since half of the cylinders practically do not work. But the cylinders remaining in operation with a higher fuel supply work stably and with higher rates of the working process (fuel economy. Less uneven rotation). With the appropriate setting of the automatic control system, it becomes possible to reduce the minimum stable speed under load and idle. Varying the amplitude of the oscillations of the rail, experimentally it is possible to achieve a complete shutdown of half the cylinders.

Since the work cycle takes 2 rotations of the shaft, each time the mode is lower than 30%, the crankshaft angle sensor, triggering from the rotation angle marker as a random number generator, will put 1-3-2 into operation, or 5-6-4. This ensures the shutdown of half the cylinders that is equivalent during operation, so the latter will have the same wear during operation.

For a two-stroke engine, to ensure that half of the cylinders are taken out of operation, it is necessary to install two shaft angle markers with an offset of 180 ° p.c. (or half a shaft revolution).

(см. фиг.2). При этом работают цилиндры 1-2-3, но через цикл, а 5-6-4 работают при меньшей подаче и тоже через цикл.You can select other rack frequencies to provide the same task, for example

(see figure 2). At the same time, cylinders 1-2-3 work, but through a cycle, and 5-6-4 work with a lower feed and also through a cycle.

Similarly, it is possible to select the task of the optimal vibration frequency of the rack for engines with a different number of cylinders, the angle of the wedge of the crankshaft knees and the tact of the working process.

The method can be implemented both in the production of new internal combustion engines, and in the modernization of those in operation. Improving the quality of work at low feed and idle speeds, as well as the possible reduction in minimum stable revolutions, increase the efficiency of using not only transport engines, but also the main ship, stationary, diesel and industrial use and ensure compliance with GOST 10150-88 in this part .

The technical result is achieved through the use of a device that implements the proposed method for controlling engine operation at low feed rates and at minimum stable revolutions under load and at idle, containing an engine (diesel engine), automatic speed controller, fuel supply unit, control unit, actuator and sensors, characterized in that the engine is equipped with a crankshaft angle sensor with two angle indicators installed through 180 ° p.p. (half a revolution) for a 2-stroke engine, and with one marker for a four-stroke engine, a fuel supply position sensor, a control unit with a frequency driver, an electric current sinusoidal oscillator, an actuator in the form of an electric solenoid, contactlessly mounted on the fuel supply body, and the control unit with the frequency driver and the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current are electrically interconnected and included in the power supply circuit, and the signals from sensors of the position of the fuel supply body and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft are fed to the input of the control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current, and the output of the latter is electrically connected to the actuator in the form of an electric solenoid.

New significant features of the proposed device for its implementation are that by setting periodic oscillations of the fuel supply using a sinusoidal oscillator of electric current, it is possible to turn off part of the cylinders, while shutting off alternately, so that the wear of the cylinders is almost the same, but due to the increased the progress of the fuel supply body, an improvement in the quality of work at low feed and idle modes is ensured (uneven rotation of the shaft decreases, p efficiency is increased), and it is also possible to reduce speed, which increases the efficiency of use not only in transport engines, but also in the main ship, stationary, diesel and industrial applications.

The use of sensors for the angle of rotation of the crankshaft and the position of the fuel supply unit together with the control unit, the frequency driver, the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current and the actuator allows you to automate the process of controlling the engine at low feeds and minimally stable revolutions under load and at idle.

Figure 3 presents a functional diagram of a device for controlling the operation of the engine at low feed speeds and minimally stable revolutions under load and at idle, which implements the proposed method.

The device comprises an engine (diesel) 1 with a flywheel 3, an automatic speed controller 10 with an output lever 11, a fuel supply body (fuel pump 7) with a rack 8, a control unit 13 with a frequency driver, a sinusoidal oscillation generator of electric current 12, an actuator (IM) in in the form of an electric solenoid 9 with a movable armature 2 and sensors of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft 5 and the position of the fuel supply unit 6, while the sensor of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft 5 is equipped with two angle indicators installed through 180 ° p.c. (half a turn) for a 2-stroke engine and one marker for a four-stroke engine, the fuel gauge position sensor 6 is equipped with a fuel gauge position indicator that is triggered when the load is less than 30%, and the control unit 13 and the sinusoidal oscillation generator of the electric current 12 are electrically interconnected and included in the circuit of the power source 14, and the signals from the sensors of the position of the fuel supply 6 and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft 5 are fed to the input of the control unit 13, the output of which is connected to the input of the gene a sinusoidal oscillator of the electric current 12, and the output of the latter is electrically connected to the actuator in the form of an electric solenoid 9, contactlessly mounted on the fuel supply body 7 with a rail 8.

The operation of the device is as follows. When the load is reduced below 30% by the signal of the sensor 6, the control unit 13 with the frequency driver provides a start command for the generator 12 of sinusoidal electric current oscillations, which through the MI 9 create an oscillatory movement of the rail of the fuel supply unit 7 with frequency and amplitude (according to the description of the method, see FIG. .1) in addition to the main signal from the automatic speed controller 10, which determines the speed mode of engine 1. Controller 10 provides the average position of the rail for a given operating mode. To reduce the power of the electric solenoid 9, the transmission from the output lever of the regulator 11 to the rail 8 can be made elastic through a spring connection, in this case, the spring stiffness should be chosen so that the operation of the automatic control system in transient conditions is not disturbed (see Fig. 4, item 15), as, for example, this is implemented on diesels 64 18/22, 4CH 12/14, etc. The angle sensor 5 through the control unit 13 generates the phase position of the signal of the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current 12 with respect to the selected cylinder number (as shown in FIG. .1 for sp person of management). The phase shift is selected during the refinement of the device, while keeping in mind that the delay in the range from the minimum stable speed under load to the idle speed is practically the same, which greatly simplifies the setup. For a 2-stroke engine, 2 angle markers 4 are installed in the form of pins known in practice on the surface of the flywheel 3 under the inductive sensors, which is the sensor 5. The control unit is started with a shift of the signal from the sensor 5, therefore, almost half the cylinders are switched off with the same probability during operation. For a 4-stroke engine, the same position indicator 4 is used similarly (operation analysis is presented in the “method”). The device operates in automatic mode, providing comfortable working conditions for staff. When changing the operating mode (the load goes beyond the low feed mode), the control unit turns off the sinusoidal oscillation generator and the ACS goes to the standard operating mode.

Claims (2)

1. The method of controlling the operation of the diesel engine at low feed speeds and at minimum stable revolutions under load and idle, which consists in creating an automatic oscillating effect on the fuel supply organ, characterized in that when the load is reduced to a value less than 30% of the nominal one, according to the signal of the position sensor fuel supply unit to the fuel supply unit is supplied in addition to the action from the automatic speed controller, a signal from the control unit with a frequency driver through a sine wave generator the amplitude and frequency of the electric current synchronized with a crankshaft angle sensor with its angular position. 2. A device for controlling engine operation at low feed speeds and minimally stable revolutions under load and idle, comprising an engine (diesel engine), an automatic speed controller, a fuel supply unit, a control unit, an actuator and sensors, characterized in that the engine is equipped with an angle sensor crankshaft rotation with two angle indicators installed through 180 ° r.p. (half a revolution) for a 2-stroke engine and one marker for a four-stroke, fuel gauge position sensor, control unit with frequency driver, sinusoidal oscillation of electric current, an actuator in the form of an electric solenoid, contactlessly mounted on the fuel supply, the control unit with the frequency driver and the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current are electrically interconnected and included in the power supply circuit, and the signals from sensors of the position of the fuel supply body and the angle of rotation of the crankshaft are fed to the input of the control unit with a frequency driver, the output of which is connected to the input of the generator of sinusoidal oscillations of the electric current, and the output of the latter is electrically connected to the actuator in the form of an electric solenoid.

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