RU2511790C2 - Flax screenings combustion furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to combustion devices of plant waste, and namely flax screenings. A flax screenings combustion furnace includes a storage hopper with a dosing screw, a furnace chamber with a grate and an ash removal mechanism. The grate consists of two parts - an upper one made in the form of a meshed chute enveloping the dosing screw from below, and the lower part made in the form of a triangular prism. Side faces of the prism represent horizontally located meshed steps.

EFFECT: invention allows complete and intense combustion of flax screenings.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for burning vegetable waste, in particular flax chaff, and can be used in agriculture in units with air heaters for drying and processing flax heap, grain drying complexes, in heating plants using peat, sawdust and other waste as fuel containing particles with high windage.

Known furnace for burning solid waste (US Pat. RF No. 2187759, CL. F23G 5/44. F23B 1/16, 2002), comprising a housing in which there is a movable grate, made in the form of a set of tilting trellised baskets pivotally mounted on the teeth rotating wheel, ash pan and heater. The furnace is equipped with nozzles for introducing fuel, supplying air, and outputting combustion products.

A disadvantage of the known solid waste incinerator is that the fuel on the grates is in a dense layer, because of which the burning rate will be small, and this will result in incomplete and slow combustion of it.

Known a furnace with a grate for burning lump fuel (US Pat. RF No. 1087088, Cl. F23H 9/02, 1984), comprising a housing in which there is a grate made in the form of a drum mounted on supports and provided with a shaft connected to the mechanism rotation. Fuel through the loading hopper enters the upper part of the rotating drum, consisting of tubular elements that are closely adjacent to each other, on the outer sections of which there are openings for air supply. Gaseous products of combustion are discharged through the pipe, and slag during rotation of the drum falls into the ash pan.

This firebox with a grate in the form of a drum, consisting of pipes closely adjacent to each other, is not suitable for burning flax chaff, because of the low density of the chaff about 80 kg / m ³ and poor flowability, the possibility of a uniform flow of fuel into the combustion chamber in the right amount through the hole in the storage hopper. In addition, even if with the help of additional devices to ensure the supply of chaff on the grate, the fuel layer will not be blown everywhere, but in separate areas where holes are located in the tubular elements of the grate. With this design, the gratings from the sections above the openings the chaff particles will be carried away from the combustion zone by the air entering the combustion chamber, as a result of which intensive combustion is excluded, which is the reason for the underburning of fuel.

A known method of burning waste in the fluidized bed and a device for its implementation (Pat. RF No. 2266468, CL. F23C 10/08, F23G 5/30, 2005, prototype). In the known device for burning waste in the fluidized bed, the fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber using a screw, the combustion chamber is equipped with a grate and ash removal mechanism, there is a system for recirculating solid heat carrier and drying the fuel.

Using the known device for burning flax chaff is impractical because of its complexity, due to the presence in it of a recirculation system for a solid coolant and drying the fuel. Flax chaff, which is supposed to be burned in the inventive furnace, has a moisture content of not more than 10% and does not require drying.

The problem solved by this invention is to develop a design of a furnace for burning flax chaff, providing intensive combustion and efficient use of the energy potential of flax chaff.

The technical result from the solution of the problem lies in the implementation of a complete and intensive burning of flax chaff.

The object of the invention is solved by the fact that in a furnace for burning flax chaff containing a storage hopper with a metering screw, a furnace chamber with a grate and an ash removal mechanism, the grate consists of two parts - the upper, made in the form of a gutter covering the dosing screw from below , and the second lower part, made in the form of a trihedral prism, the side faces of which are horizontally located lattice steps.

In the proposed furnace for burning flax chaff, the grate provides intensive burning of chaff in the entire volume of the fire due to the fact that the particles of chaff are evenly distributed on the surface of the grate without the formation of areas that are impermeable to air.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a furnace for burning flax chaff, a longitudinal section, in Fig.2 - section aa in Fig.1.

The flax chaff combustion chamber contains a storage hopper 1 with a metering screw 2, a combustion chamber 3, where the upper part 4 and the lower part 5 of the grate are located. The upper part 4 of the grate is made in the form of a lattice groove covering the bottom of the metering screw 2, the second lower part 5 is made in the form of a trihedral prism, the side faces of which are horizontally located lattice steps. In the lower part of the combustion chamber 3 there is a screw 6 for removing ash and shutters 7 for entering atmospheric air into the combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a heat exchanger 8 and a smoke exhauster 9. The metering screw 2 and the screw 6 are driven to remove ash from the gear motor 10.

The furnace for burning flax chaff works as follows.

Flax chaff from the storage hopper 1, the metering screw 2 moves into the combustion chamber 3. In the process of moving the flax chaff particles 2 by turns of the metering screw along the upper part 4 of the grate, a significant part of them wakes up on the lower part 5 of the grate and is located in a thin layer on horizontally located grating steps its side faces. The flame from particles burning on the lower part 5 of the grate, covers chaff particles waking up through the holes of the upper part 4 of the grate. As a result, the chaff is burned in the entire volume of the furnace chamber 3. The combustion products from the furnace chamber 3 enter the heat exchanger 8 and are thrown out through the exhaust fan 9. Depending on the amount of chaff coming into the combustion chamber 3, a choke on the exhaust fan 9 establishes a supply of atmospheric air, which ensures complete combustion of fuel, through the louvers 7 into the combustion chamber 3. In the process of burning the chaff, ash spills onto the screw 6, which is constantly removed from the combustion chamber 3. The rotation of the metering screw 2 and screw 6 for ash removal is carried out when the gear motor 10 is turned on.

The proposed furnace for burning flax chaff provides the burning of chaff in the entire volume of the furnace, its full and intense burning.

Claims (1)

Flax chaff combustion chamber containing a storage hopper with a metering auger, a combustion chamber with a grate and an ash removal mechanism, characterized in that the grate consists of two parts - the upper, made in the form of a gutter, covering the metering screw from below, and the second lower part made in the form of a trihedral prism, the side faces of which are horizontally located lattice steps.

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