RU2511775C9 - Hydraulic pneumatic ram - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of technical hydraulics. A hydraulic pneumatic ram comprises a working chamber with impact and injection valves, a discharge cap, connected with a water receiver, a discharge air duct. The hydraulic pneumatic ram is equipped with an impact valve, a pneumatic chamber connected by a pneumatic line with an air distributor. The air distributor at one side is kinematically connected to a float hinged-lever drive arranged in a control reservoir, and at the other side - with a pneumatic line with the cavity of the discharge cap via a check valve, installed as capable of opening on the stroke of injection of spent air from the pneumatic chamber. The stem of the impact valve is made with an adjustment bushing and with a limiter, and the pneumatic chamber is made with a membrane working element with a stiff centre related to the stem.

EFFECT: invention increases accuracy of control of impact valve operation mode.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulics and can be used in the design of water-lifting structures that use water hammer, especially in automated systems in mountain and foothill areas.

Known hydraulic ram containing a working chamber with shock and discharge valves, an air cap with a discharge pipe and a drain pipe in communication with the tank, an additional tank with a spring-loaded piston and check valves, while the additional tank is connected to the discharge pipe and tank through the check valves (Copyright certificate USSR No. 1121512, class F04F 7/02, 1983).

The disadvantage of a ram is the operation of a spring with a piston in aggressive water, which reduces reliability, since the frequency of closing the shock valve depends on the regulation of compression and tension of the spring by means of the piston, and, therefore, part of the energy is also unproductively lost in the resistance to water movement in the working chamber up to battering ram and back. In addition, the unreliability of the spring for returning the piston is that its elasticity is lost in time, a breakage is possible, i.e. fatigue of the spring material. Depreciation of the piston movement increases, as a result, the guaranteed clearances also increase, and, consequently, the force of its impact in the pipe decreases, jamming is possible when moving in water. At the same time, the height of the suction into the additional tank cannot be exceeded by the calculated value for a certain distance (difference) between the shock valve and the level of the flow tank, since it is filled slowly enough, which does not sufficiently increase the productivity of the ram. In turn, this does not allow to obtain the required flow of fluid to higher areas at different flow rates.

Also known is a hydropneumatic ram containing a working chamber with shock and discharge valves, a main air cap with a discharge nozzle, a power cylinder with a piston and a check valve and a container, an additional air cap with a check valve and a nozzle connected to the working chamber through a check valve, and with capacity - through the pipe, and installed after the power cylinder, the latter has a pressure duct and exhaust openings, and the shock valve is made in the form of a spring-loaded cone (Author's certificate USSR Patent No. 1328588, class F04F 7/02, 1985).

A disadvantage of the known hydropneumatic ram is the lack of reliability of a spring-loaded truncated cone, since the constant operation of the spring for compression and tension cannot withstand power loads for a long time. Fatigue of the metal and breakage of the spring working in an aggressive environment is possible. In the power cylinder, the piston moves upward in slow motion, and resistance arises against the piston body, which requires high air pressure forces, i.e. braking occurs, and, consequently, the delay in the operation of the shock valve to raise the liquid to a height determined by the difference in the horizons of the location of the hydropneumatic ram and the working chamber. That is, productivity decreases, although the dynamic load on the shock valve is significant and the impact force on the pipe increases, and the control spring has a limited (fixed) stroke for the shock valve. The main disadvantage is that the ram cannot be recommended for continuous operation at high discharge heights. All this does not allow to obtain the required fluid supply to higher areas and to provide work for the consumer at various costs. The ram does not have a systematic air supply device in automatic mode, so the shock valve (assembly) is in the water.

The task to which the invention is directed is to increase efficiency, and the technical result achieved in this case is to increase the accuracy of controlling the operating mode of the shock valve.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a hydropneumatic ram containing a working chamber with shock and discharge valves, a pressure cap connected to a water intake tank, it is equipped with a shock valve, a pneumatic chamber connected by a pneumatic line to the air distributor, and the air distributor is kinematically connected on one side to the float hinge with a lever actuator located in a regulating tank, and on the other hand, with a pneumatic line with a pressure cap cavity through a non-return valve installed with the possibility of opening the exhaust air from the pneumatic chamber at the injection stroke, moreover, the shock valve rod is made with an adjusting sleeve and with a limiter, and the pneumatic chamber is made with a membrane working body with a rigid center connected to the rod.

At the same time, the regulating capacity is connected in its lower part with a hydraulic drive.

In addition, according to an embodiment, the regulating capacity is equipped with a drain siphon, the inlet of which is located in its lower part.

This design of a hydropneumatic ram provides the ability to set the value of the free stroke of the shock valve located in the hydraulic actuator, connected to the stem with an adjusting sleeve (setting), with a limiter and a pneumatic chamber, and also allows you to adjust the strength of the hydraulic shock and the frequency of the cycles, and hence the volume of fluid supplied into the pressure cap. The ram has a device in the form of an adjustment tank connected to a hydroshock drive, and is controlled automatically by a compressor that produces air to fill both the pneumatic chamber and to replenish the air for normal operation of the pressure cap with a systematically filled set quantity. Such a new technical solution is more reliable, and the shock valve is a guide rod, which makes the ram more durable. Based on the requirements, the pneumatic chamber is protected by a screen through which the guide rod of the shock valve is passed, which also serves as a stop. The shock valve itself is flat in shape, and when completely closed, it does not jam, its movement practically coincides with the direction of fluid movement in the hydraulic drive. This ensures complete closure of the hole in the seat, and reduces the force of mechanical impact of the valve, which makes it possible for the ram to operate at very low feed pressures.

During the operation of the ram, the air supply in the cap gradually decreases, the air dissolves in the water and leaves with it in the discharge pipe. The solubility of air in water increases with increasing pressure, therefore, at high discharge pressures, the air supply is of great importance. The aforementioned task, which the invention is directed to, is also to increase work efficiency by supplying additional air through a pneumatic line with a non-return valve, due to the exhaust air from the pneumatic chamber (this is economically viable), which increases the height of the water rising in excess of the calculated for a certain level the working chamber over the shock valve.

The effectiveness of a ram is that it is simple in design and technologically advanced in production.

Figure 1 schematically shows a hydropneumatic ram; figure 2 is an embodiment of the regulatory capacity with a siphon.

Hydropneumatic ram contains a working chamber 1 with a discharge valve 2 and a water hammer drive. The hydropercussion drive consists of a cylinder 3, a saddle 4, dividing the cylinder into two cavities 5 and 6 with a shock valve 7.

The shock valve 7 with an elongated stem 8, an adjusting sleeve 9 has a limiter 10, at the end of the cylinder 3 an outlet 11. The bore of the hole 11 is selected so that the volume of fluid entering the hole 11 is slightly less than the volume of fluid entering through the pipe 22 into the container 21. The shock valve 2 is connected to a pneumatic chamber 12 made with a membrane working body 13 with a rigid center 14 connected to the rod 8, and the pneumatic chamber 12 is connected by a pneumatic line 15 to the air distributor 16. A compressed source 17 is introduced into the air distributor 16 air control system and an air distributor, which is equipped with a rotary lever 18 connected by a hinge with a lever 19 with a float 20 located in the tank 21. The tank 21 is connected by a pipe 22 with a cavity 6 of the cylinder 4 in the area of the shock valve 2. The cap 23 is equipped with an inlet valve 2, spring-loaded spring 24. In this case, the cap 23 through the hole of the nozzle 25 is connected to the air distributor 16 by a pneumatic line 26 with a check valve 27 (for example, like a plug with a ball in the form of a plunger). The cap 23 is connected by a pipe 28 to the receiving tank 29. The air chamber 12 is protected by a fairing-retainer 30, and the rod is installed in the guides.

An embodiment of the container 21 (FIG. 2) has a drain siphon 31, the inlet 32 of which is located in the bottom of the container.

Hydropneumatic ram works as follows.

With the valve 7 open, water enters from the pressure chamber 1 into the cylinder 3 through the seat 4, water flows into the hole 11. At the same time, water begins to flow through the tube 22 into the container 21. At this point, the float 20 is in the lower position, and the rotary lever 18 closes the connection of the spool valve 16 with a source of compressed air 17 and opens with the atmosphere and pneumatic line 26 with a check valve 27. At the same time, the tank 21 is filled and as soon as the water reaches a certain (predetermined) filling, the float 20 rises a lever 19 and pivot arm 18 opens the communication air distributor 16 to a source 17 of compressed air. When compressed air flows through pneumatic line 15 to the pneumatic chamber 12, it acts on the membrane working member 13. The rigid center 14 of the elastic membrane acts on the stem 8, the shock valve 7 closes, the pressure in the working chamber 1 rises, the pressure valve 2 opens, water enters the cap 23 and the pumping stroke begins, and the water moves into the receiving tank 29. At this time, water from the tank 21 flows through the tube 22 into the cavity 6 of the cylinder 3 into the zone under the shock valve 7 and flows through the hole 11. Due to this, the float 20 is lowered, squeezed This air is blocked because the rotary lever 18 opens the connection between the air diffuser 16 and the atmosphere and simultaneously into the pneumatic line 26 with the non-return valve 27. At this point, the exhausted compressed air from the pneumatic chamber 12 through the pneumatic line 15 enters the air distributor 16, since the pressure in the working chamber 1 decreases, so as the pressure in the cap 23 rises, the valve 2 closes, the water flows under pressure into the cavity 5 of the cylinder 3, the shock valve 7 with the rod 8 is easily opened and the limiter 10 the rod 8 rests against the fairing-retainer 30. M mbranny pneumatic actuator 13, 12 is protected from the impact of the valve 7 and the water drained through the cowl 30.

Thus, at the moment the exhaust compressed air enters the air distributor 16, part of it under pressure replenishes the cap 23 at the time of the injection of water through the pipe 28 into the receiving tank 29, which also additionally creates a displacement of water to a higher mark, working in pump mode. Then the cycle repeats.

The stroke of the shock valve 7 is set by the value of its free-wheeling by installing the regulating sleeve 9 on the elongated stem 8 with a limiter 10. By changing the free-wheeling, the strength of the water hammer and the frequency of cycles are regulated, which means the volume of water supplied to the pressure cap.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the siphon 31 is charged - it empties the container 21.

The advantages of the hydropneumatic ram design also include the fact that the cap is systematically replenished with air. Based on the fact that the air supply during ramming is gradually reduced in the cap 23, which dissolves in water and goes with it into the discharge pipe. Thus, the solubility of air in water increases with increasing pressure, therefore, at high discharge pressures, the air supply becomes especially important. The method of automatically supplying exhaust air to the cap is the simplest and most economical through the small-sized opening of the nozzle 25. In this way, during each cycle of ramming with a shock valve 7, a certain amount of air is supplied to the air cap and the other part (surplus) of air in the spool valve 16 goes into the atmosphere. The amount of additional air pumping into the cap 23 at the end of the water hammer process depends on the diameter of the hole of the nozzle 25, which is blocked by a check valve 27, for example, in the form of a plug with a ball. The operation of the ram is connected with the valves and the cap in the presence of an air source using a spool air distributor.

The coordination of the ram operation is carried out by the hydropercussion drive operation unit, as well as the presence of a pneumatic chamber and a regulating capacity. The device has wide application possibilities for mountainous, foothill and lowland areas with wavy relief.

This leads to increased efficiency of hydropneumatic ram. The use of a hydropneumatic ram also extends the functionality and reduces operating costs in difficult terrain conditions. In addition, the level of automation increases during water ascent in the system of land reclamation and water management. The device eliminates the possibility of clogging of the hole, completely eliminates the loss of discharge air flow. When there is no need to adapt additional air pumping, the nozzle 25 can be plugged on the body of the cap 23 by screwing a plug with a ball into it (the design of the air distributor allows this to be done autonomously).

Claims (3)

1. Hydropneumatic ram containing a working chamber with shock and discharge valves, a pressure cap connected to a water intake tank, a pressure duct, characterized in that it is equipped with a shock valve, a pneumatic chamber connected by a pneumatic line to the air distributor, and the air distributor is kinematically connected on one side to the float articulated lever actuator located in a regulating tank, and on the other hand, a pneumatic line with a pressure cap cavity through a check valve installed with the possibility of covering of the injection stroke to exhaust air from the pneumatic chamber, the valve stem impactor is arranged an adjusting sleeve and with the stopper, and the pneumatic chamber is provided with a membrane with a rigid working member center connected to the rod. 2. Hydropneumatic ram according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulatory capacity is connected in its lower part with a hydraulic drive. 3. Hydropneumatic ram according to claim 1, characterized in that according to an embodiment, the regulating tank is equipped with a drain siphon, the inlet of which is located in its lower part.

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