RU2508035C1 - Functional single-seat school desk - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to furniture used as a single-seat orthopedic school furniture, and is aimed at formation of correct and comfortable positioning of the student without occurrence of diseases in the process of training activity. The functional single-seat school desk with frames of metal tubes comprises a table mounted on the frame with vertical posts consisting of two telescopic parts, and a chair with a seat. The table and the chair are mounted on a single horizontal frame, on the upper posts the guide horizontal tubes are mounted, through which the bases of the frames are mounted with the ability to slide with the tabletop. The tabletop is mounted on the frames at an angle up to 20°. The upper crossbar is made with the ability to move up and down by means of the lifting mechanism mounted between the upper crossbar and fixed lower crossbar. In the lower part of the desk a foot rest for feet is mounted with a slope of not more than 30°. The chair with the seat and the backrest of the chair are mounted on the common frame, with separate vertical posts. The post of the seat backrest is made with the ability of angle at the level of the chair seat of up to 15° from the vertical axis.

EFFECT: formation of correct and comfortable positioning of the student without occurrence of diseases in the process of training activity.

19 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to furniture used as functional orthopedic student furniture for the prevention and prevention of many school diseases of students: these are scoliosis and diseases of internal organs associated with deformation of the spine and a shift in their center of gravity, as well as diseases of the eyes, neck, eyes, nervous system and venous congestion of blood of the legs.

The main requirements for the design of student's furniture are to ensure such ergonomic characteristics of this furniture that meet the age and physiological parameters of students, contribute to their normal physical development, ensuring proper seating, preventing the development of a whole complex of diseases that accompany a person for the rest of their lives.

A set of furniture is known (RF Patent No. 2095014, MKI 6 A47B 39/00, published 1997.11.10), which contains a school desk and chair. The table top of the desk is made in the form of a box with a lid, mounted with the possibility of regulation in a vertical plane on the racks and supports. The chair has a seat, back and armrests, installed with the possibility of independent regulation. The backrest and armrests have radius samples that increase the comfort of the chair. This furniture set partially solves orthopedic problems. However, he is not able to be complex in functional student orthopedic furniture. The reason is the complexity of the device, the small possibilities of setting up furniture for the requirements of each student and the low consistency of changes in the setting of the chair with the position of the tabletop and the entire table.

From US Pat. No. 5,697,668 (IPC A47B 39/02, published December 16, 1997) a set of student furniture is known, comprising a school desk with a table, the tabletop of which is mounted on supports with height adjustment and height-adjustable hard seat and backrest made in one piece and having a predetermined size and shape of the supporting parts.

The disadvantages of the known kit include the complexity and lack of reliability of the fixation nodes of the tabletop and the wall at the set level, as well as low ergonomic characteristics associated with the lack of adjustments to the relative position of the seat and backrest and the absence of armrests. In addition, the dynamics of changes in the proportions of the child’s body during various periods of growth is also not taken into account.

Known ergonomic school desk (application WO 2010025535, IPC A47B 17/00, published 04.09.2009), which is adjustable in height, width and depth using additional devices having internal dimensions, compatible with various chairs and armchairs on wheels. The school desk has a worktop fixed in the base rails, and the worktop has elbow supports, the distance between which can be adjusted.

The main disadvantage of this desk is that with all its advantages (adjustment of the width and depth of the countertop), it can not be school, due to the limited space of the class. An additional disadvantage of the desk is that the armrests are additionally mounted on the supporting surface. This greatly complicates its use and increases its cost.

Known table for students (EP 1563761, IPC A47B 41/02, publ. 02.16.2004 G.), with an inclined working surface, which is installed on a support column mounted on a footrest, resting on the floor. The column consists of two parts: fixed and moving vertically to adjust the height of the working surface. There is a mechanism for setting the working surface of the table in height.

The disadvantage of the table is that the technical solution for the layout of the table is not optimal in terms of the rigidity of its design, since it contains only one supporting column. It should be massive enough, but since it is installed on a foot stand, the stand must be very strong, which reduces the increase in metal consumption, the cost of manufacturing and the complexity of using a desk.

A height-adjustable desk is known (WO2006052069, IPC A47B 9/08, published 07.11.2005), the lid of which is supported above the floor surface by two transversely spaced legs, each of which has an upper section attached by its first end to a portion of the lower side table covers. The second end of this leg section is inserted with relative longitudinal movement into the first end of the lower section of the table leg, the second end of which is attached to the center of the support leg. The centers of the support legs of both legs of the table are connected by a cross member. The table is equipped with an easily actuated device for adjusting the height of the table lid in accordance with the growth of the student.

The disadvantage of this device is that the height adjustment is carried out using the device located at the bottom of the table, there is no illary change in the height of the table and help is needed to adjust it.

The closest technical solution is a set of functional orthopedic student furniture (Patent RU No. 2153276, IPC A47B 39/02, publ. 07/29/2000), with a frame made of metal pipes, including a school desk, consisting of supports telescopically connected to vertical racks, which are interconnected and have struts with hinges for installing the countertop, as well as clamps for turning and fixing it at an angle or in a horizontal position. And also, a chair consisting of telescopically connected bases, seats and backs with stalls inclined at an angle of 75 degrees to the base, and armrests rigidly fixed on them. Moreover, these telescopic joints of the kit have holes for the locking bolts, made with a proportionally identical pitch to carry out five levels of proportional height adjustment of the table top of the desk, as well as the seat and backrest with armrests of the chair.

However, the known design does not implement a number of necessary functions of student furniture, contributing to ease of use.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a multifunctional school desk of different ages, which allows for a comfortable working position and to prevent the formation of diseases in the process of performing educational work.

The problem is solved using a functional single school desk with frames of metal pipes, including a table mounted on the frame using vertical racks consisting of two parts, the upper and lower, made telescopically, connected by the upper and lower crossbars, and a chair with a seat.

The table and chair are mounted on a single horizontal frame, horizontal tubes are installed on the upper racks, through which the base of the frames are installed with the possibility of sliding them back and forth together with the table top, mounted on a frame at an angle of up to 20 degrees, for telescopic extension of the upper racks and lifting the countertop the upper crossbar is configured to move up and down using the lifting mechanism of the upper crossbar installed between the upper crossbar and the fixed lower with a crossbar, at the bottom of the table there is a footrest with a slope of no more than 30 degrees, a chair with a seat and a backrest are fixed to the common frame using separate vertical racks, the backrest of the vision is made with a change in angle at the level of the chair's sitting to 15 degrees from the vertical axis .

Preferably, the footboard is slidable back and forth.

Preferably, horizontal tubes are installed on the inner parts of the lower posts through which the frame bases are mounted so that they can slide back and forth together with the footboard mounted on the frame.

Preferably the footrest has a slope of 30 degrees

Preferably, the mechanism for lifting the countertop includes a cup sleeve with an internal thread that abuts against the upper crossbeam 5, a screw is located in the glass that is mounted on the lower crossbar, and a support ring with a nut that is rotatable with a helm or handle is also fixed on the lower crossbar.

Preferably, in horizontal guide tubes having a rectangle or square cross section, grooves are made to move the frame back and forth.

Preferably, the frame is in the form of a right-angled triangle, and on the inclined sides of the triangles of the frames, a tabletop is set at a predetermined angle.

Preferably, the countertop has a slope of 12 degrees.

Preferably, to maintain the elbows of the student, the countertop has elongated armrests, which are a continuation of the countertop in the form of a T-shirt.

Preferably, a horizontal shelf for pencils, pens and notebooks is made above the countertop.

Preferably, a light shade is mounted under the shelf.

Preferably, a low-current halogen light source for illuminating the tabletop plane is used as a local lighting dome.

Preferably, for the convenience of transportation, the single horizontal frame is detachable, and the frame with uprights, seat and back during installation is strengthened with the frame of the school desk using the pins included in the frame of the school desk.

Preferably, the chair seat is round in order to avoid squeezing the popliteal blood vessels and forming venous stagnation of the blood of the legs.

Preferably, the back of the chair and the seat have independent fastening mechanisms

Preferably, the back of the chair and the seat are configured to change their height.

Preferably, the back of the chair is made with an overestimated contour and with a deviation of the back from the vertical axis by 10 degrees.

Preferably, the stand under the chair seat has a nut at the end into which the chair seat is mounted by screwing in.

Preferably, the frames and racks are made of pipes having a rectangle or square in cross section.

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the frame of the desk.

Figure 2 shows the mechanism for lifting the countertop.

Figure 3 shows a General view of the school desk.

Figure 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a school desk with a moving footrest, a moving worktop with elongated armrests.

On figa shows a diagram of the incorrect location of the student behind the desk, with the body tilted forward, feet on the floor.

On figb shows a diagram of the incorrect location of the student at the desk, straight sitting, legs on the floor.

On figs shows a diagram of the correct location of the student at the desk.

Functional school desk is based on a single horizontal frame 1.

The desks of the school desk, on both sides of the countertop, are made of two parts 2, 3 (Fig. 1) of square pipes: the lower 2, connected to the frame 1 and the crossbar 4, the upper 3, telescopically sliding, acting as guides, are also interconnected crossbar 5.

Telescopically extendable upper racks 3 are connected with horizontal square tubes 6, through which the bases of the frames 7 move, dragging on themselves (back and forth), countertop 8 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

The rise of the frames 7 with the countertop 8 is carried out by unloading the two crossbars 4, 5 (Figure 2). The lower crossbar 4 is stationary and connects the lower racks 2 school desks. Upper crossbar 5 - holds the frame 7 with the countertop 8. The mechanism for lifting the countertop is located between the upper 5 and lower 4 crossbars. On the upper crossbar 5, connecting the sides of the frame 7, a glass sleeve 9 with an internal thread is installed, for example, by welding it with the upper crossbar 5. The lower end of the glass - sleeve 9 is free. In the glass sleeve 9 is a screw 10, brewed on the lower bar 4.

The glass sleeve 9 can be made of 3/4 round pipe with an internal thread, into which a bolt, a threaded rod, or a screw 10 are screwed, which are installed, for example, are welded on the lower crossbar 4. On the screw 10 are fixed, for example, by welding, a helm or handle 11 (Figure 1, Figure 2).

A screw 10 with a handle 11 (or a steering wheel), mounted on the lower crossbeam 4, screwing or unscrewing the nut 12 located above the support ring 13, drags up and down the glass sleeve 9 connected to the upper crossbar 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 )

The footboard 14, wide, at an angle of 20-30 degrees with staples - stops against slipping feet, is made of hard plastic. Preferably, the footboard is movable.

On the inner lower parts of the uprights 4, horizontal tubes 15 are installed, through which a frame of the footboard 16 is mounted with the possibility of sliding it back and forth together with the footboard 16 mounted on it.

A chair with a seat 15 and a back 16 is fixed on a common frame using separate square tube-posts 17, 18 (Fig. 4). The pipe 18 under the seat 15 has at the end a nut into which the seat 15 is screwed. The backrest 18 also of a vertical square pipe changes its direction at the seat level, the deviation from the central axis is up to 15 degrees.

In the countertop 8 in the center are elongated armrests 18. Above the countertop 8, it is possible to install a shelf 20 and a ceiling lamp 21 for local lighting.

The proposed school desk, shown in figure 1, 2, 3, 4 is made of metal frame and chipboard, and has the following advantages:

An individual desk (not a table) makes it possible to individually adjust the height of the countertop 8. An individual desk allows you to create an individual workplace for a student with all the parameters of his body and aura. When placed side by side, they practically do not violate the class space, but allow avoiding border conflicts of neighbors on a double desk.

The system of interconnected adjustments of all elements of the individual school desk allows us to talk about a fundamentally new student pose at the desk (Figure 4), which helps to avoid numerous school diseases: eye and neck diseases, osteochondrosis, scoliosis, which cause diseases of the internal organs, venous congestion of the blood of the legs, etc.

The main drawback of today's double school desks, despite the fact that they are declared as "height-adjustable," is their actual unregulatedness. Where schoolchildren study in the same room (these are primary classes), they can also be adjusted once a year by moving the bolts in the support post B of the hole higher. But children grow up in different ways. In anticipation of adjustment, some normative distances, which are already approximate and approximate, are not unbalanced in some schoolchildren. Even if there are several school desks of different sizes in the class, they are not able to meet the body parameters of students of even one class, let alone the whole school. Therefore, in the period from grades 5 to 11, students sit at the same tables with the same limited and very approximate "variety."

This training period is a period of risk, and, in fact, a period of intensive formation of many diseases and, in particular, scoliosis.

The worktop 8 is adjustable in height by the student himself with a screw 10 with a steering wheel 11. This opportunity is provided only by an individual desk. The school desk is not the size of one of the main causes of many diseases. An individually regulated school desk is a key solution to the question of whether the height of the school desk corresponds to the growth of each student, not the average, but the specific one, in each particular class.

The rise of the countertops is carried out by the student himself with a screw with a helm in the center of the desk. The entire node lifting the tabletop is in the underframe and shown in Fig.2.

The glass sleeve 9 with an internal thread, the upper end is welded to the upper crossbar 5, the lower one is free. A screw 10 with a handle 11 for rotation or a helm is missed through the lower crossbar 4. Rotating the handle 11 with the screw 10 along the internal thread of the sleeve 9, the student can easily raise or lower the upper crossbar 5 with the worktop 8 installed on it (Figure 1, Figure 2).

School desk and chair are made on a single frame 1 and represent a single system. A single frame once existed and strictly regulated the ratio of distances "chair-desk", but has been abolished in recent years, which created the prerequisites for mass scoliosis. The proposed solution uses a single frame 1, based on the need for a single complex of all regulatory elements.

The tabletop frame and chair frame for convenience of transportation can be made separate, then they are connected to a single unit at school - frame 1 and fixed with bolts.

The table top has a slope of up to 20 degrees (Figure 1).

To do this, on the frame 1, from two opposite sides, two lower posts 2 made of square pipes rise, of which two upper square pipes are telescopically extended - posts 3, supporting a structure with inclined frames 7, on which the tabletop 8 is installed at a given angle .

Previously, the student’s look at the text located on the horizontal surface of the TABLE slid tangentially, which made the text half-blurred and dreadful.

To look at the text directly, i.e. from above, the student is forced (intuitively) to tilt the whole body, and leaning on the countertop, stretch and tilt his neck, hovering over the table, This leads to tension of the cervical vertebrae and muscles, as well as the eye nerves and brain, which are overloaded, and the student - overwork . The ideal angle of view can be considered the angle of the perpendicular. In the proposed solution, with the opposite tilt of the head and countertop 8, such a favorable angle is created.

The table top 8 is made with the ability to move on to the student (Figure 1, side view). Telescopically extendable (vertically) upper racks 3 lift square tubes 6 (couplings) horizontally located on it, inside which the base of the frame 7 moves, also made of a square tube, which makes it possible to move the tabletop 8 back and forth. The table top 8 can move on the student, locking him from three sides, eliminating the need to bend over the table, which, together with the deformation of the spine, leads to many diseases. The proposed countertop 8 has the ability to move towards the student and move away, if necessary - to exit.

The table top has elongated armrests 19.

The countertop is made in the form of a T-shirt with elongated armrests 19. Without any additional armrests, and cut out in the countertop itself 8, which, with a moving worktop, are always at hand, or rather under the elbow, and always follow it, eliminating the need to bend to the table.

It is known from the prior art that tabletops are provided with additional armrests that are fastened and moved using complex mechanisms.

It is possible to produce a shelf 20 above the tabletop on the brackets, which allows you to place on it everything that can slide off the inclined plane of the tabletop.

Installation of a dome 21 of local lighting is possible. Due to the fact that most schools in Russia are in the middle and high latitudes, as well as in winter, in gloomy and inclement weather, classrooms are forced to include overhead lighting, which is often insufficient. There are more and more children with low vision. After all, at home, working at the table, we turn on the table lamp. In the proposed solution, the installation of additional lighting is possible. On the underside of the aforementioned shelf 20, a shade 21 of a halogen lamp with a safe voltage of 6 or 12v, with a wiring class from a step-down transformer, or a socket for a LED lamp that the student will carry with him, is strengthened.

It is proposed to make the desk of the desk wider, higher and at an angle of up to 30 degrees. Today's Guests and SanPinas prescribed: sit upright, elbows bent at right angles, and legs on the floor. But it’s very difficult for the student to sit directly for a long time, as this is an uncomfortable position for the spine, and the back bends and looks for support. Hands with straight elbows and with a straight back, do not reach the table at all. In addition, the table and chair stand side by side in the same plane.

The creators of automobiles of many countries and generations are struggling to resolve issues related to the diseases of a person who has been driving for a long time, calling them occupational diseases. Schoolchildren, at a time when the musculoskeletal corset is still being formed, also spend many hours at their desk - the "wheel", the nature of the disease they have is one. Overcoming the nature of driver ailments, the creators of cars, to remove the load from the spine, made a backrest tilt regulator, recommending a pose with a slightly folded back.

Western scientists, after conducting a number of studies, found out why sitting directly is harmful. The force of gravity, acting strictly vertically, as if "pressing", the vertebral discs. But if the student is sitting behind a seat with a slightly reclined back, then his spine will not experience stress, however, the table will remain even further from him.

In the proposed solution, the countertop is made moving. Now, no matter what angle the student is sitting at the table, an inclined worktop will follow his elbows.

The student’s pose at the table should be slightly tilted back during classes at the school desk (Fig. 5c).

Another contradiction caused by Gost: "legs on the floor." Taking on a part of the weight bent over the table of the body, they stand their work shifts, earning venous stasis of the blood of the legs (Fig.5a, Fig.5b). But, the legs raised on the bandwagon, in accordance with the proposed solution - pass these dangers.

In addition, legs set on a high and inclined footrest 14 with an inclination of 30 degrees, with restrictive brackets against slipping legs, now, like natural springs, they throw the whole body to the back of the seat, preventing the spine from bending (Fig. 5c).

The seat 15 of the chair is located on a common frame 1, round, fixed on a screw, able to rotate, to further adjust the ratio of chair to table top, when individual parts of the body of different pupils are not proportional, as well as to exit from the desk.

Rectangular stools, with “legs on the floor,” as a rule, constrict, squeeze the popliteal blood vessels, creating venous stasis of the blood of the legs, sometimes even leading to varicose veins, especially in girls. Goosebumps and numb legs are known to all. Preferably, the manufacture of a round seat 15. With a round seat 15, and even more so with the legs placed on the footrest 14, this does not happen.

The backrest 16 of the chair is made independent of the seat 15, overestimated for different height and, in order to remove the load from the spine, with a deviation from the vertical, preferably 10 degrees. Now she holds not the lower back, but the shoulder blades, and, therefore, the entire spine. Deviated from the vertical by 10-15 degrees, it fundamentally changes the center of gravity of the whole body at the desk.

The preferred embodiment of the desk, shown in Figure 4, differs from the known solutions in that:

a) an individual desk is made on a single frame with a seat; b) has a tabletop individually and independently adjustable in height with recessed armrests and advancing on the student’s body folded to the back of the seat; c) has a footboard raised and tilted up to 30 degrees with legs supported on the footboard, which is made with the possibility of movement back and forth. The proposed desk makes the student's working position close to that of the driver, whose body is slightly tilted to the back of the chair, which allows you to remove the load from the spine. The student's pose is shown in Fig. 5c.

The technical result of the proposed solution is the creation of a multifunctional school desk of different ages, which allows for a comfortable working posture and does not allow the formation of diseases in the process of performing educational work.

Claims (19)

1. Functional single school desk with frames made of metal pipes, including a table mounted on the frame using vertical racks consisting of two parts, upper and lower, made telescopically, connected by upper and lower rungs, and a chair with a seat, characterized in that the table and chair are mounted on a single horizontal frame, horizontal tubes are installed on the upper racks, through which the base of the frames are installed with the possibility of sliding them back and forth together with the table top, mounted on a framework at an angle of inclination of up to 20 °, for telescopic extension of the upper racks and lifting of the countertop, the upper crossbar is configured to move up and down using the lifting mechanism of the upper crossbar installed between the upper crossbar and the fixed lower crossbar, in the lower part of the table there is a footboard for legs with an inclination of no more than 30 °, a chair with a seat and a back of a chair are fixed on a common frame with the help of separate vertical racks, the back of a seat is made with a change of angle at the seat level ı stool up to 15 ° from the vertical axis. 2. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the footboard is made to slide back and forth. 3. School desk according to claim 2, characterized in that horizontal tubes are installed on the inner parts of the lower racks, through which the base of the frames are installed with the possibility of sliding them back and forth together with the footboard installed on the frame. 4. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the footrest has a slope of 30 °. 5. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for lifting the countertop includes a glass sleeve with an internal thread resting against the upper crossbar 5, a screw is located in the glass fixed on the lower crossbar, a support ring with a nut is also fixed on the lower crossbar, which is made with the possibility of rotation using the helm or handle. 6. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that in horizontal guide tubes having a rectangle or square section, grooves are made for moving the frame back and forth. 7. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame has the form of a right-angled triangle, and on the inclined sides of the triangles of the frames the tabletop is set at a predetermined angle. 8. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the countertop has a slope of 12 °. 9. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that to maintain the elbows of the student the countertop has elongated armrests, which are a continuation of the countertop in the form of a T-shirt. 10. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontal shelf for pencils, pens and notebooks is made above the countertop. 11. School desk according to claim 10, characterized in that a light cover is installed under the shelf. 12. School desk according to claim 11, characterized in that the source of low-current halogen light used to illuminate the surface of the countertop is used as a local lighting dome. 13. The school desk according to claim 1, characterized in that for the convenience of transportation a single horizontal frame is detachable, and the frame with racks, a seat and a back during installation is strengthened with a school desk using pins included in the school desk frame. 14. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the chair seat is round in order to avoid squeezing the popliteal blood vessels and the formation of venous stagnation of the blood of the legs. 15. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the back of the chair and seat have independent mounting mechanisms. 16. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the back of the chair and seat are made with the possibility of changing their height. 17. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the back of the chair is made with an overestimated contour and with a deviation of the back from the vertical axis by 10 °. 18. School desk according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand under the chair seat has a nut at the end into which the chair seat is screwed. 19. School desk according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the frames and racks are made of pipes having a rectangle or square in cross section.

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