RU2507355C1 - Thermosetting casing with automatic software control of process of thermal treatment of concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: thermosetting casing with automatic software control of a process of thermal treatment of concrete, including casing shields with heating elements, differing by the fact that shields are made as double-layer: from the inner layer with high heat conductivity from aluminium alloy D16, in the plane of which there is a working solder of a heat sensor built in and an outer layer from material with low heat conductivity (polycarbonate); heating elements of casing shields are made in the form of a heating nichrome wire in flexible insulation, arranged in the plane of the shield in a spiral manner in milled grooves, in the adjacent plane of shield layers; at the side of the outer layer of the shield the heating wire is protected against losses of heat by a foiled screen; automatic software control of heating is carried out with the help of a control unit including a controller of PID adjustment of the heating process, an emergency sensor, a power supply sensor, a relay of power supply connection/disconnection; the controller is connected with a computer via an interface converter, has Internet connection for monitoring and correction of concrete hardening process in on-line mode.

EFFECT: reduced energy costs for heating due to increased heat emission of casing shields, even distribution of heat on the casing surface, provision of rational heating of concrete, account of concrete heat generation, automation of hardening process, control of technological process in on-line mode.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction technologies, in particular to thermosetting formwork used in heating concrete and reinforced concrete structures at low temperatures.

In construction, concrete heating methods in winter are widely used. However, today this process requires tangible material costs associated with the large amount of energy consumed by the plants, the high complexity of the preparatory stages of heating, increased costs for ensuring the safety of the heating process.

The method of processing concrete in thermosetting formwork is simple and technological reliable. However, the operational parameters of traditional thermoactive formwork are characterized by high energy consumption.

A well-known shield thermoactive formwork, including the outer wood layers with a waterproof coating and an inner layer of veneer located between them, and a heating element made of plates of conductive carbon fiber paper with insulating layers impregnated with a polymer binder (see RF patent No.2017910, IPC E04G 9/10, published August 15, 1994).

The disadvantage of the shield of this design is that it does not provide a snug fit of the heating element to the deck of the heat shield in the corner and butt zones of the structure. This leads to uneven heating of the concrete structure.

Known thermoactive formwork, which is a deck attached to it a heater based on carbon fiber material with insulating layers (see RF patent No. 2178492, IPC E0G 9/10, published January 20, 2002). The electric heater is made zigzag with vertical and horizontal stripes. The width of the vertical stripes decreases from the middle to the edges but according to the law of geometric progression. Horizontal stripes have the same width.

The disadvantage of this formwork is that the heating elements are located unevenly on the surface of the shield: the width of the heating elements decreases from the middle to the edges. This compensates for heat loss in the butt and corner zones. However, this method leads to uneven heating. It is necessary to take into account the degree of heating and the width of the strip distribution on the deck, which complicates the technology for concrete work.

Known thermoactive formwork (see ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 881266, IPC E0G 9/10, published 11/15/1981), made of steel sheets. Electric heating elements are riveted to the inside of the deck. The dielectric layers of varnish and fiberglass impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin create a more uniform temperature field over the entire surface of the electric heating element, which improves the uniformity of deck heating. Taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the presented thermoactive formwork is the uneven distribution of temperature over the surface of the steel formwork shield due to its relatively low thermal conductivity. As a result, the corner and butt zones of the formwork are not fully warmed up.

In addition, the published patent does not contain information about the method for controlling concrete heating using PID controllers.

An object of the invention is to reduce energy consumption for heating by increasing the heat transfer of the formwork panels, evenly distributing heat on the deck surface, ensuring rational heating of concrete, taking into account the exothermy of concrete, automating the hardening process, and monitoring the technological process on-line.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a thermoactive formwork device with automatic program control, figure 2 shows a diagram of a thermoactive formwork shield device, figure 3 shows a cross section of a formwork shield.

Thermoactive formwork consists of two-layer heating panels 1, with the help of clamping blocks 2 connected in parallel to the alternating current main via the power cable 3 through the control unit 4. The thermoactive formwork control unit consists of a PID controller for heating process control 5, an accident sensor 6, which provides technological safety control process, power sensor 7, relay on / off power supply 8.

In manual, through the controller 5, or in automatic mode, through a computer 9 connected to the controller using the interface converter 10, the process parameters are set step by step: isothermal heating temperature, heating rate and concrete heating time. Monitoring and adjustment of the hardening process of concrete can be performed on-line with Internet access 11.

Information about the temperature of concrete hardening enters the controller 5 from the temperature sensors 12 located in the formwork panels 1 (figure 2).

The working junction of the temperature sensor 12 is located in the plane of the inner sheet of the formwork shield 13. The inner sheet of the shield is made of aluminum alloy D-16, has high thermal conductivity and is in working condition adjacent to the concrete structure. The outer sheet of the shield formwork 14 is made of low heat conductive polycarbonate (figure 3). On the adjacent surfaces of the formwork sheets, grooves 15 are milled, in which a heating element is placed in the form of a spirally located heating wire made of nichrome wire in flexible insulation 16. To increase the heat transfer of the shield, a heat-protective foil screen 17 is arranged on the adjacent side of the sheet of polycarbonate.

The signal from the temperature sensor 12 enters the PID controller for regulating the heating of concrete 5, which through a solid-state relay smoothly regulates the current in the heating wire 16 of the formwork board 1. This allows you to pre-determine the rate of heat propagation in concrete, which makes it possible to take into account the heat from the process of cement exothermy in concrete and maintain a constant value of the set temperature by adjusting the heating power.

Claims (1)

Thermoactive formwork with automatic programmed control of the heat treatment of concrete, including formwork panels with heating elements, characterized in that the panels are made of two layers: from the inner layer with high thermal conductivity from aluminum alloy D16, in the plane of which the working junction of the temperature sensor is integrated, and the outer layer from material with low thermal conductivity (polycarbonate); the heating elements of the formwork panels are made in the form of a heating nichrome wire in flexible insulation located spirally in the plan of the panel in milled grooves in the adjacent plane of the shield layers; from the side of the outer layer of the shield, the heating wire is protected from heat loss by a foil screen; automatic programmed heating control is performed using a control unit including a PID controller regulation of the heating process, accident sensor, power sensor, relay on / off mains power; the controller is connected to the computer via an interface converter, has Internet access for monitoring and adjusting the process of concrete hardening in on-line mode.

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