RU2507279C1 - Separation method of twisted products into electrical strand in polymer sheath, steel wire and processing of steel wire pieces into reinforcement elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: method involves separation of a cable into electrical strands in a polymer sheath, steel wire and processing of steel wire pieces into reinforcement elements and with that, separation of steel wire from the electrical strand in the polymer sheath is performed by cutting of steel wire into pieces as a part of the cable along one or two mutually opposite located constituents of the cable by means of adjustable drive disc knives, bending of the cable on rollers and separation of the remained wire pieces from electrical strands by a cutter, and transportation of wire pieces is performed by a vibrating tray with an annular screw-shaped route; deformation of wire pieces is performed by a gear pair having a tooth in the section of a semi-cylindrical shape so that deformation of wire pieces with rollers is provided.

EFFECT: high processing efficiency of wastes of cable products and production of finished products of improved quality, which is suitable for being used in construction of residential and industrial sites.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing waste from the production and operation of cable, mainly armored geophysical, and the finished processing products can be used in construction in the production of concrete and similar mixtures, as well as in metallurgical plants in the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

It is known that a load-bearing geophysical armored cable consists of two main components: electrical conductors made of copper or aluminum, coated with polymeric insulating material and armored coils of steel round wire. The widespread production and use of armored geophysical cables leads to uncontrolled accumulation of waste throughout Russia and urgently poses the problem of their disposal and the use of finished products in various sectors of the economy. This invention recommends one way to solve the problem of recycling cable products.

Known production line and method for extracting metal from waste current conductors in polymer insulation (USSR Author's Certificate No. 583190, CL. C22B 7/00).

The line includes a crusher, a conveyor, a classifier for separating fines, a blade metering unit, a pneumatic separator with a fan, and a control system that provides operations such as supplying raw materials, crushing in air, pneumatic transportation to the classification for separating fines, and pneumatic separation.

The disadvantage of this method is the sintering of particles during crushing due to the large amount of heat, which complicates further pneumatic separation. To eliminate sintering, it is necessary to use air to disperse the classified material, which in turn increases the loss of recoverable materials due to their entrainment into the atmosphere.

A known method of separating multicomponent material into components by heating with the addition of slag-forming flux, subsequent mixing and holding the melt in a liquid state, hardening and separation by mechanical means (RF Patent No. 2201978 С22В 7/00).

The method is very complex, costly and can be used in the processing of materials in a finely divided state with a large number of components.

There is a method of processing waste current conductors, for example, steel-aluminum wire with its separation into steel wire and aluminum conductor (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1668436 class C22B 7/00). The method consists in measuring the diameter of the wire, the step of twisting the outer coil of aluminum wires and the number of coil of aluminum wires, cutting the wire into pieces with a length determined by the formula:

L is the length of the piece;

D is the diameter of the wire;

t - wire twist step

n is the number of counties.

The wires cut into pieces of the specified length fall onto a vibrating conveyor, where, under the influence of vibration, they break up into constituent elements, pieces of steel and aluminum wires. Then, by magnetic separation, excavation of separately steel and then aluminum metal sections is carried out.

Using this method, the following observations can be made:

- the use of vibration processing to separate the wire into steel and aluminum components is an unreliable operation and, as a result, can lead to their mixing and scrap of inadequate quality;

- vibration processing leads to the entrainment of the extracted materials into the atmosphere and, as a result, to the loss of labor productivity;

- approbation of the above formula showed that it produces pieces of wire of increased lengths that cannot be divided into individual components of the wires of the claimed method.

A known method of processing waste cable products, mainly armored cables, including the separation of the cable into its constituent elements: steel part and electrical conductors in a polymer sheath (RF Patent No. 2288960 С22В 7/00). The method includes dividing the cable into steel wire and electrical conductors in insulation, which is performed by simultaneously translating and rotating the steel wire around the cable axis and then winding it onto the receiving coil, these operations being related by the formula:

W = L / t, where

W is the number of revolutions of the steel wire around the axis of the cable;

L is the linear speed of translational movement;

t is the cable lay pitch.

Electric cores are only translationally moving at a speed L and winding on the receiving coil. Instead of the winding operation on the pick-up reel, the operation of chopping steel wire into pieces can be performed.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not stipulate a method and conditions for cutting steel wire into pieces, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished product and it can only be remelted at metallurgical plants of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.

In addition, the low quality of the finished product leads to a decrease in the efficiency of processing cable waste products due to the cheapness of the products and does not bring the desired results. The lack of a solution for cutting wire into segments will require the development of a new method and, consequently, the expenditure of additional funds.

There is a method of separating twisted products into a conductive core, steel wire and cutting it into reinforcing elements (RF Patent No. 2453940 C22B 7/00, adopted as a prototype).

The method includes dividing the cable into a conductive core in a polymer sheath and steel wire and cutting the steel wire into pieces of wire. In this case, the separation of the cable is carried out by simultaneous translational movement and rotation of the steel wire around the axis of the cable and the translational movement of conductive conductors. The separation of the cable into a conductive core in a polymer sheath and steel wire and cutting steel wire into segments is carried out by means of driven or non-driven circular or flat knives. Then, the wire segments are transported along the guiding vibrating tray and the wire segments are bent by means of a gear pair to form reinforcing elements in the form of a wave with protrusions and depressions.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is ineffective in the processing of cables having a damaged outer layer of armor and a large number of dangling wires. In this case, it is necessary to periodically stop the process, eliminate the causes of the violation of the technology, and perform debugging of the equipment again, which leads to significant losses in labor productivity and lower quality of finished products.

The second disadvantage of this method is that the cable is processed sequentially first of the first winding and then the second winding, which leads to an increase in the production time of a unit of finished product.

And finally, when processing each coil, it is necessary to braid this coil to 15-20 wires, direct each wire in its own channel, bring a knife to it, i.e. production preparation time increases, and since the wire has wear, this leads to unforeseen production stops due to accidental wire breakage and all this leads to a decrease in product quality, lower labor productivity and a sharp decrease in production efficiency.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of finished products, increasing labor productivity and the efficiency of processing waste cable products.

This problem is solved by the method of processing waste cable products, including the separation of the cable, mainly armored, into an electric core in a polymer sheath and a steel wire, while the steel wire of the twisted product from the electrical core in a polymer sheath is separated by cutting steel wire into segments, and processing the segments wires in the reinforcing element is carried out by applying the operations of transporting segments along a vibrating tray and deformation of segments of wire gear oh and according to the invention, the separation of the steel wire from the electrical core in a polymer sheath is carried out by cutting the steel wire into segments in the cable, one or two mutually opposite cable generators by means of adjustable drive circular knives, bending the cable on the rollers, using a cutter for separation the remaining pieces of wire from the electrical conductors, and the transportation of the pieces of wire is carried out by a vibrating tray with a circular helical route, deformation of the cut s wires carry the gear pair, the tooth having a semicylindrical shape in cross-section, creating the effect of deformation rollers of the wire segments.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the implementation of the method of separation of twisted products into an electrical core in a polymer sheath, steel wire and processing pieces of steel wire into a reinforcing element.

Figure 2 is a fragment of a method for separating steel wire from an electrical core, including cutting wires in a cable, bending the cable on rollers, and cutting off the remaining wires from the electrical core.

Figure 3 is a General view of a reinforcing element having a deformed section forming a protrusion B, a deformed section forming a depression C, generally giving a wave with parameters: height H, length T, wire diameter of the reinforcing element D, length of the reinforcing element L.

Implementation of the proposed method is as follows. The cable wastes are wound on a drum and installed on a transfer device 1, from which the cable flows to the pull-feed mechanism 2 and is fed into the pull-feed rollers 10 and with their help the cable is fed to the cutting device 3, then to the bending rollers 4, cutter 5. At this moment, the cutting discs 3 are brought into contact with the cable by means of a regulating device, and the cut cable, i.e. the electrical core in the polymer sheath 13 is subjected to translational movement and winding it on the receiving device 9. The cutting device 3, made in the form of two disks, is rotated by means of a drive, cuts the cable along two generatrices opposite each other to the depth of one or two windings steel wire and at the same time there is a movement of the cable to the bending rollers 4, which provide bending of the cable and the separation of the steel wire from the electrical core in a polymer sheath. Then the cable goes to the cutter 5 and with the help of it separate the individual adhered pieces of steel wire from the electrical core in a polymer sheath. The cut pieces of wires with the help of the guide vibrating tray 6 enter the corrugation mechanism 7, in which, using a gear pair, deformation of the wire sections and the formation of a wave with the appearance of the protrusions B and depressions C. The wave of the reinforcing element is characterized by a height H, length T, wire diameter of the reinforcing element D and the length of the reinforcing element L. Thus, the wire segments are converted into a reinforcing element, which fits into the container 8.

In the proposed invention, the operation of cutting steel wire is performed as part of the cable without braiding it on the component steel wires, which simplifies the cutting process and in this case, the cutting technology is not affected by wire breaks, wire wear and other defects that may be removed from service cable. While in the prototype each coil is braided into 15-20 wires and each wire is drawn in its own channel and cut with its own knife, which complicates the cutting process, leads to unforeseen equipment stops due to wire breaks on the cable.

Thanks to a simple method of cutting steel wire into segments in the cable, which is little responsive to the quality of the feedstock and the presence of various defects on the cable, labor productivity is increased, the production time of a finished product unit is reduced, and the efficiency of processing cable waste products increases. In addition, the stability of the technological process of cutting steel wire as part of a cable without unforeseen equipment stops allows improving the quality of finished products.

The proposed method is capable of cutting steel wire at the same time two coils, which significantly increases labor productivity, reduces the production time of a unit of finished products in comparison with the prototype, in which the wire is cut only for each coil separately.

It should be noted that in this invention, when processing wire segments into a reinforcing element, a vibrating tray is used, in which wire segments pass along a helical circular route in two-, three-story versions, which allows this assembly to be compact, to save production areas and make the layer of wire segments more thin when approaching the corrugation mechanism, which will undoubtedly lead to an increase in the quality of the finished product.

In addition, when deforming wire segments, the formation of protrusions and depressions on the wave, gear pairs are used that have teeth in a half-cylindrical section, which allows you to create the effect of deformation of wire segments by rollers, and this allows you to get a smooth wave without sharp transitions and, thus, increase quality of finished products.

Thus, the operations of cutting steel wire as part of a cable along one or two mutually opposite cable generators using circular knives, separating the steel wire segments from the electrical core in a polymer sheath using bending rollers and a cutter, processing the wire segments into a reinforcing element using a vibrating tray with an annular helical route, the use of a gear pair with a tooth in a half-cylindrical cross-section provides an increase produces lnosti labor, increase processing efficiency of cable production waste and finished products are getting the right quality and you can use it in the direction of a qualified, for example, to disperse reinforcement of concrete and similar mixtures.

This gives us the right to assert that the method guarantees an increase in the quality of finished products and an increase in labor productivity in comparison with the method specified in the prototype.

The developed method for separating twisted products into an electric core in a polymer sheath, steel wire and processing steel wire segments into reinforcing elements is implemented on an experimental production line manufactured under the conditions of Galva Scientific and Production Center LLC, which includes the following devices and mechanisms:

- a giving device with a drum accommodating a spent armored cable;

- a pull-feed mechanism with a drive, providing movement of the cable from the delivery drum to the subsequent mechanism;

- a cutting device made in the form of two drives with a drive;

- bending rollers for bending the cable and separating pieces of steel wire from it;

- a cutoff device, which ensures separation of the remaining sections of steel wire from electrical conductors in a polymer shell;

- a vibrating tray, made in the form of an annular helical route of 2 floors, providing movement of pieces of wire to the corrugation mechanism;

- a corrugation mechanism made in the form of two gears, in which the tooth in cross section has the shape of a half cylinder and, thus, creates the effect of deformation of the wire by rollers;

- a receiving device with a drum for winding an electrical core in a polymer shell;

- packaging for finished products.

An experimental batch of reinforcing elements designed for concrete reinforcement was manufactured on this production line. The reinforcing element had the following dimensions:

- wavelength 10 mm;

- wave height 6 mm;

- length of reinforcing element 110 mm;

- the diameter of the wire of the reinforcing element is 1.2 mm.

For testing, concrete mixtures were made with and without an experimental batch of reinforcing elements.

The introduction of reinforcing elements into concrete contributes to an increase in tensile strength during bending in comparison with concrete without reinforcing elements by 50 ÷ 250% depending on the number of reinforcing elements from 40 to 100 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} concrete.

In addition, it was recorded that the production of 200 kg of reinforcing element by the proposed method takes 10 hours, while the method described in the patent priority takes 15 hours, which undoubtedly confirms the increase in labor productivity in the claimed method.

Claims (1)

A method of processing waste products of cable products, including the separation of the cable, mainly armored, into an electrical core in a polymer sheath and steel wire, the separation of the steel wire of the twisted product from the electrical core in a polymer sheath is carried out by cutting steel wire into segments, and processing of wire segments into reinforcing bars the element is carried out by transporting along a vibrating tray and deformation of wire segments with a gear pair, characterized in that the steel the wires from the electrical conductor in the polymer sheath are carried out by cutting steel wire into segments in the cable along one or two mutually opposite cable generators by means of adjustable drive disc knives, bending the cable on the rollers and separating the remaining wire segments from the electrical conductors with a cutter, wire segments are transported along a vibrating tray with an annular helical route, and the deformation of the wire segments is carried out by a gear pair having a a semi-cylindrical shape in section, secured deformation rollers of the wire segments.

Images